Editing Bahmani Sultanate
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| s5 = Bidar Sultanate |
| s5 = Bidar Sultanate |
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| image_map = Map of the Bahmani Sultanate.png |
| image_map = Map of the Bahmani Sultanate.png |
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| image_map_caption = The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473 under regent [[Mahmud Gawan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schwartzberg Atlas — Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref name="8-17">{{cite book|pages=146–148|title=History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D|first= |
| image_map_caption = The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473 under regent [[Mahmud Gawan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schwartzberg Atlas — Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref name="8-17">{{cite book|pages=146–148|title=History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D|first=Umair|last=Mirza|date=2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-medieval-india-800-1700_202303/page/147}}</ref> |
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| capital = {{plainlist| |
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*[[Gulbarga]] <small>(1347–1425)</small> |
*[[Gulbarga]] <small>(1347–1425)</small> |
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The eldest sons of Humayun Shah, [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] and [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] ascended the throne successively, while they were young boys. The vizier [[Mahmud Gawan]] ruled as regent during this period, until Muhammad Shah reached age. Mahmud Gawan is known for setting up the [[Mahmud Gawan Madrasa]], a center of religious as well as secular education,{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=91–98}} as well as achieving the Sultanate's greatest extent during the his rule.<ref name="8-17"/> He also increased the administrative divisions of the Sultanate from four to eight to ease the administrative burden from previous expansion of the state. Gawan was considered a great statesman, and a poet of repute.{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=10}} |
The eldest sons of Humayun Shah, [[Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III]] and [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]] ascended the throne successively, while they were young boys. The vizier [[Mahmud Gawan]] ruled as regent during this period, until Muhammad Shah reached age. Mahmud Gawan is known for setting up the [[Mahmud Gawan Madrasa]], a center of religious as well as secular education,{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=91–98}} as well as achieving the Sultanate's greatest extent during the his rule.<ref name="8-17"/> He also increased the administrative divisions of the Sultanate from four to eight to ease the administrative burden from previous expansion of the state. Gawan was considered a great statesman, and a poet of repute.{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=10}} |
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Mahmud Gawan was caught in a struggle between a rivalry between two groups of nobles, the Dakhanis and the Afaqis. The [[Deccanis|Dakhanis]] made |
Mahmud Gawan was caught in a struggle between a rivalry between two groups of nobles, the Dakhanis and the [[Khoja (Turkestan)|Afaqis]]. The [[Deccanis|Dakhanis]] made the indigenous Muslim elite of the Bahmanid dynasty, being descendants of Sunni immigrants from Northern India, while the Afaqis were foreign newcomers from the West such as Gawan, who were mostly Shi'is.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&dq=firoz+afaqi&pg=PA168 |title= Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition |page= 168 |author= Jamal Malik |date= 2020 |publisher= Brill |isbn= 9789004422711 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC&q=deccanis%20gawan&pg=PA89 |title= Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent |author= Burjor Avari |year= 2013 |page= 89 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 9780415580618 }}</ref> The Dakhanis believed that the privileges, patronage and positions of power in the Sultanate should have been reserved solely for them.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&dq=deccanis+looked+upon+empire&pg=RA1-PA137 |title= Indian History |page= 137 |date= 1988 |publisher= Allied Publishers |isbn= 9788184245684 }}</ref> |
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The divisions included sectarian religious divisions where the Afaqis were looked upon as heretics by the Sunnis as the former were Shi'as.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mHLB4m75pisC&dq=deccanis+looked+upon+empire&pg=PA219 |title= India's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent |author= Wilhelm von Pochhammer |date= 2005 |publisher= Allied |page= 219 |isbn= 9788177647150 }}</ref> [[Richard M. Eaton|Eaton]] cites a linguistic divide where the Dakhanis spoke Dakhni while the Afaqis favored the Persian language.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NUKGAAAAIAAJ&q=afaqis++merchants |title= Merchant Networks in the Early Modern World |page=75 |publisher= Variorum |date=1996 |author=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |isbn= 9780860785071 }}</ref> Mahmud Gawan |
The divisions included sectarian religious divisions where the Afaqis were looked upon as heretics by the Sunnis as the former were Shi'as.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mHLB4m75pisC&dq=deccanis+looked+upon+empire&pg=PA219 |title= India's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent |author= Wilhelm von Pochhammer |date= 2005 |publisher= Allied |page= 219 |isbn= 9788177647150 }}</ref> [[Richard M. Eaton|Eaton]] cites a linguistic divide where the Dakhanis spoke Dakhni while the Afaqis favored the Persian language.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NUKGAAAAIAAJ&q=afaqis++merchants |title= Merchant Networks in the Early Modern World |page=75 |publisher= Variorum |date=1996 |author=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |isbn= 9780860785071 }}</ref> |
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Nonetheless, Mahmud Gawan found it difficult to win their confidence; the party strife could not be stopped and his opponents eventually managed to poison the ears of the Sultan.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&dq=mahmud+gawan+deccanis&pg=PA187 |title= Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One |page= 187 |author= Satish Chandra |date= 2004 |publisher= Har-Anand Publications |isbn= 9788124110645 }}</ref> Mahmud Gawan was executed by Muhammad Shah III, an act that the latter regretted until he died in 1482.{{sfn|Yazdani, 1947|pp=10}} Upon his death, Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, the father of the founder of the [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I|Nizam Shahi dynasty]] became the regent of the king.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&dq=nizam+ul+mulk+bahri+regent&pg=PA17 |title= The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |page= 17 |author=Radhey Shyam |date= 1966 |publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn= 9788120826519 }}</ref> Nizam-ul-Mulk, as leader of the Dakhani party, led a cold-blooded massacre of Dakhani’s in the capital of Bidar.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wVh-EAAAQBAJ&dq=nizam+mulk+massacre&pg=PA65 |title= BRIEF CULTURAL HISTORY OF BASAVAKALYANA |author= Dr. Shivakumar V. Uppe |date=2022 |publisher= Ashok Yakkaldevi |isbn= 9781387847860 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2FDAAAAYAAJ&q=nizam+mulk+massacre+afaqis |title=History of South India: Medieval period |author= Pran Nath Chopra, T. K. Ravindran, N. Subrahmanian |date=1979 |publisher=S. Chand |page=75 }}</ref> |
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===Decline=== |
===Decline=== |