[go: nahoru, domu]
Jump to content

Cygnus Orb-1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 82.26.15.224 (talk) at 14:42, 31 January 2014 ("will be" changed to "was" - this is because the mission has now taken place, hence past tense is required.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Cygnus CRS Orb-1
Cygnus CRS Orb-1 arriving at the ISS, 12 January 2014
Mission typeISS resupply
OperatorOrbital Sciences
NASA
COSPAR ID2014-003A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.39502Edit this on Wikidata
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeStandard Cygnus[1]
ManufacturerOrbital Sciences
Thales Alenia Space
Start of mission
Launch date9 January 2014, 18:07:05 (2014-01-09UTC18:07:05) UTC[2]
RocketAntares 120[1]
Launch siteMARS LP-0A
ContractorOrbital Sciences
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Inclination51.6 degrees
EpochPlanned
Berthing at ISS
Berthing portHarmony nadir
RMS capture12 January 2014, 11:08 UTC
Berthing date12 January 2014, 13:05 UTC
Cargo
Mass1,261 kg (2,780 lb)
File:Cygnus Orb-1 Mission Emblem.jpg  

Cygnus CRS Orb-1,[3] also known as Orbital-1,[4] is the second flight of the Orbital Sciences Cygnus unmanned resupply spacecraft, its second flight to the International Space Station and the third launch of the company's Antares launch vehicle.

Spacecraft

Main article: Cygnus (spacecraft)

Orb-1 is the first of eight contracted flights by Orbital Sciences under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services program. This was the maiden flight of the Castor 30B second stage.

Orbital Sciences continues its naming of Cygnus spacecraft in tribute to former astronauts. This vehicle has been named the C. Gordon Fullerton for the NASA astronaut who passed away on 21 August 2013.[5]

Launch and early operations

Antares and Cygnus, January 6, 2014

The launch of Orb-1 was scheduled for November 2013,[6] but a series of delays pushed the date to 20 December UTC.[7] The Antares launch vehicle rolled out from the Wallops Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) on the morning of 17 December, and was later erected at Launch Pad 0A. Later that day, due to the need for a series of spacewalks to fix a faulty coolant system on the space station, NASA directed Orbital to stand down the Antares rocket. Antares was rolled back to the HIF and time-sensitive cargo removed. The launch date was rescheduled for no earlier than 13 January 2014, but was later moved forward to 7 January after a scheduling conflict at Wallops was resolved.[8][9] The launch was delayed one day due to cold temperatures at the launch site.[10]

NASA Wallops and Orbital Sciences announced the launch attempt on 8 January 2014 was scrubbed due to "an unusually high level of space radiation that exceeded by a considerable margin the constraints imposed on the mission to ensure the rocket's electronic systems are not impacted by a harsh radiation environment."[10] Orbital later revised this, stating that a more extensive review of the radiation environment found it to be "within acceptable limits" of the Antares program, and that a launch would be attempted on 9 January.[10]

The Orb-1 mission successfully launched on 9 January 2014 at 18:07:05 UTC from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport Launch Pad 0A. Solar array deployment occurred shortly after arriving in orbit. The Cygnus spacecraft arrived at the International Space Station early on 12 January.[11][12][13]

The launch was expected to be viewable from South Carolina through Massachusetts and as far west as West Virginia. As with its last couple of launches out of Wallops, Orbital Sciences has released viewing information for the Eastern U.S., including maps indicating launch vehicle maximum elevation above horizon and time of first sighting after launch for the various viewing locations.[14]

Attempt Planned Result Turnaround Reason Decision point Weather go (%) Notes
1 20 Dec 2013, 12:00:00 pm delayed — technical 17 Dec 2013, 12:00 pm ISS coolant loop repair spacewalks forced delay[7]
2 7 Jan 2014, 1:55:00 pm delayed 18 days 1 hour 55 minutes weather 3 Jan 2014, 12:00 pm Delayed due to extreme cold temperatures[10]
3 8 Jan 2014, 1:32:00 pm scrubbed 0 days 23 hours 37 minutes weather 8 Jan 2014, 8:00 am 95% Scrubbed for concerns about avionics health due to recent solar flux activity[10]
4 9 Jan 2014, 1:07:05 pm success 0 days 23 hours 35 minutes Successful launch

Payload

Cygnus was filled with 1,261 kilograms (2,780 lb) of supplies for the ISS, including science experiments and hardware to expand the research capability of the station, crew provisions and spare parts.[2] This includes 12 experiments flying as part of the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program, selected from 1,466 entrants and involving 7,200 North American students.[15]

A sample of the major experiments focus on:[2]

Cygnus is expected to dispose of about 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) through destructive reentry.

  • Cygnus Orb-1 mated to Antares rocket, 10 December 2013
    Cygnus Orb-1 mated to Antares rocket, 10 December 2013
  • The Antares rocket rolls to the launch pad, 17 December 2013
    The Antares rocket rolls to the launch pad, 17 December 2013

References

  1. ^ a b Bergin, Chris (22 February 2012). "Space industry giants Orbital upbeat ahead of Antares debut". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "Orbital 1 Cargo By-The-Numbers". NASA.gov. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  3. ^ Rao, Joe (16 December 2013). "Private Rocket Launch Thursday Night Visible from US East Coast". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  4. ^ Kremer, Ken (17 December 2013). "How to See Spectacular Prime Time Night Launch of Antares Commercial Rocket to ISS on Dec. 19". Universe Today. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  5. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (9 December 2013). "Orbital names next space station freighter for late pilot-astronaut". CollectSpace. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  6. ^ "Worldwide launch schedule". Spaceflight Now. 10 September 2013. Archived from the original on 12 September 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Worldwide launch schedule". Spaceflight Now. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 18 December 2013.
  8. ^ "ISS Commercial Resupply Services Mission (Orb-1): Mission Updates". Orbital.com. 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013.
  9. ^ "NASA Postpones Orbital Launch, Sets Spacewalks to Repair Faulty Pump Module". NASA.gov. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e "ISS Commercial Resupply Services Mission (Orb-1): Mission Updates". Orbital.com. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014.
  11. ^ "Cygnus Heads to Space for First Station Resupply Mission". NASA.gov. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  12. ^ Orbital Sciences (9 January 2014). "Cygnus solar arrays are now deployed". Twitter.com. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  13. ^ Harwood, William (12 January 2014). "Cygnus cargo ship successfully attached to space station". CBS News. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  14. ^ "ISS Commercial Resupply Services Mission (Orb-1): Launch Viewing Maps". Orbital.com. 2013. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  15. ^ "Selected Experiments on SSEP Mission 3 to ISS". National Center for Earth and Space Science Education. 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antares CRS Orb-1 mission and Cygnus 2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cygnus_Orb-1&oldid=593282417"