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Cheers season 1

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Cheers
Season 1
Front cover of Region 1 DVD
Region 1 DVD edition
StarringTed Danson
Shelley Long
Nicholas Colasanto
Rhea Perlman
George Wendt
No. of episodes22
Release
Original networkNBC
Original releaseSeptember 30, 1982 (1982-09-30) –
March 31, 1983 (1983-03-31)
Season chronology
Next →
Season 2
List of episodes

The first season of the American television sitcom series Cheers premiered on September 30, 1982, and concluded on March 31, 1983. It consisted of 22 episodes, each running approximately 25 minutes at length. The show was created and produced by director James Burrows and writers Glen and Les Charles, who previously worked on Taxi, another sitcom. Cheers was produced by Charles Burrows Charles Productions in association with Paramount Television. The concept and production design of the show were inspired by a public house in Boston, the Bull & Finch, which is now called Cheers Beacon Hill.

When it was first broadcast, critics praised the series as intelligent, sophisticated, cleverly written, well-cast, and well-timed. However, the Nielsen ratings for its original runs were very low. Typically, low ratings result in a show's cancellation, but before the season finale aired, the network renewed it for another season. Reruns of season 1 scored higher ratings than its first airing and the series earned award recognitions, including five Emmy Award wins in 1983. In later years, this season has still elicited positive reviews and is currently available on DVD.

Cast and characters

This season introduces six characters:

  • Sam Malone (Ted Danson)—a bartender, bar owner, and retired baseball player. Before the series premiered, his baseball career took a toll due to his alcoholism, so he became an owner and a bartender of Cheers.
  • Diane Chambers (Shelley Long)—a college-educated, sophisticated academic who is jilted by her fiancé and left without money or a job. Diane is hired by Sam as a waitress. She proves to be pretentious, annoys customers with her long-winded speeches, and becomes the butt of their jokes.[1]
  • Carla Tortelli (Rhea Perlman)—a hard-working, "wisecracking, cynical waitress".[2] Carla is a divorced mother of her ex-husband Nick's four children and then becomes pregnant with his fifth child. Diane and Carla do not get along and often insult each other.
  • Ernie "Coach" Pantusso (Nicholas Colasanto)—an aging befuddled, "gravelly voiced"[2] retired coach and co-bartender. Coach is vulnerable to other people's exploits, which puts the bar at stake. Coach and Sam take care of each other as father and son figures whenever help is needed. Nevertheless, he listens to people's problems and solves them with advice and analysis.
  • Norm Peterson (George Wendt)—a semi-employed accountant and bar regular. Whenever Norm enters the bar, people yell out his name, "Norm!" Diane, however, always calls him by his full first name, "Norman", after everyone has already said "Norm!"
  • Cliff Clavin (John Ratzenberger)—a postal worker and bar regular. Cliff is often present in the bar and his words confuse or irritate other people. (The actor Ratzenberger in this season was never credited in the opening title sequence but in ending credits of almost every episode.[3] He would be billed in the opening sequence in subsequent seasons.)

Episodes

Main article: List of Cheers episodes

Original air dates of episodes are not premiere dates for some areas of the United States. In those areas, episodes may have been broadcast at later dates,[4] but these dates are not included in this article. This series' original time slot was 9:00pm (Eastern)/8:00pm (Central). In January 1983, it was moved to 9:30pm ET/8:30pm CT due to lineup changes.[5]

No.
overall		No. in
season		Title [6]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date [6]Rating/rank
11"Give Me a Ring Sometime"James BurrowsGlen Charles & Les CharlesSeptember 30, 1982 (1982-09-30)9.6 / #60[rat1 1]
22"Sam's Women"James BurrowsEarl PomerantzOctober 7, 1982 (1982-10-07)14.7 / #49[rat1 2]
/ 19 share[rat1 3]
33"The Tortelli Tort"James BurrowsTom ReederOctober 14, 1982 (1982-10-14)11.1 / #63[rat1 4]
44"Sam at Eleven"James BurrowsGlen Charles & Les CharlesOctober 21, 1982 (1982-10-21)11.1 / #62[rat1 5]
55"Coach's Daughter"James BurrowsKen EstinOctober 28, 1982 (1982-10-28)11.0 / #66[rat1 6]
66"Any Friend of Diane's"James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsNovember 4, 1982 (1982-11-04)12.4 / #62[rat1 7]
77"Friends, Romans, Accountants"James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsNovember 11, 1982 (1982-11-11)13.6 / #50[rat1 8]
88"Truce or Consequences"James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsNovember 18, 1982 (1982-11-18)11.9 / #63[rat1 9]
99"Coach Returns to Action"James BurrowsEarl PomerantzNovember 25, 1982 (1982-11-25)10.0 / #69[rat1 10]
1010"Endless Slumper"James BurrowsSam SimonDecember 2, 1982 (1982-12-02)12.7 / #57[rat1 11]
1111"One for the Book"James BurrowsKatherine GreenDecember 9, 1982 (1982-12-09)12.4 / #60[rat1 12]
1212"The Spy Who Came In for a Cold One"James BurrowsDavid LloydDecember 16, 1982 (1982-12-16)12.1 / #64[rat1 13]
1313"Now Pitching, Sam Malone"James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsJanuary 6, 1983 (1983-01-06)14.8 / #56[rat1 14]
1414"Let Me Count the Ways"James BurrowsHeide PerlmanJanuary 13, 1983 (1983-01-13)12.9 / #61[rat1 15]
1515"Father Knows Last"James BurrowsHeide PerlmanJanuary 20, 1983 (1983-01-20)14.9 / #46[rat1 16]
1616"The Boys in the Bar"James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsJanuary 27, 1983 (1983-01-27)14.9 / #41[rat1 17]
1717"Diane's Perfect Date"James BurrowsDavid LloydFebruary 10, 1983 (1983-02-10)13.3 / #45[rat1 18]
1818"No Contest"James BurrowsHeide PerlmanFebruary 17, 1983 (1983-02-17)15.9 / #49[rat1 19]
1919"Pick a Con... Any Con"James BurrowsDavid AngellFebruary 24, 1983 (1983-02-24)13.1 / #58[rat1 20]
2020"Someone Single, Someone Blue"James BurrowsDavid AngellMarch 3, 1983 (1983-03-03)14.7 / #43[rat1 21]
2121"Showdown, Part 1"James BurrowsGlen Charles & Les CharlesMarch 24, 1983 (1983-03-24)13.6 / #51[rat1 22]
2222"Showdown, Part 2"James BurrowsGlen Charles & Les CharlesMarch 31, 1983 (1983-03-31)14.7 / #36[rat1 23]

Specials

No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date
S01"Super Bowl XVII Pregame segment"[7][8]James BurrowsKen Levine & David IsaacsJanuary 30, 1983 (1983-01-30)
S02"Uncle Sam Malone"[9]James BurrowsRalph Phillips
additional material:
Brian H. Sato & Steven Amaya		TBA

Production

Exterior (left) and interior of the Bull & Finch Pub, now Cheers Beacon Hill, that inspired the show's bar stage set.

Director James Burrows observed that this series is intended to be about the bar, where anybody comes in for any reason, not just drinks.[2] The show was originally set in a hotel, a setting inspired by Fawlty Towers, Burrows's favorite British sitcom.[10] The producers narrowed the setting down to a hotel bar,[11] but later evolved it into a neighborhood bar in Boston,[2] according to Glen Charles, "because it was more cozy".[12] The "athletic element" was added to the bar because the show's creators, Burrows and Charles brothers (Glen and Les) were sports fans.[12]

The show's bar setting was inspired by the Bull & Finch Pub in Boston. It was not filmed in the pub, but on the Stage 25 lot of Paramount Studios with the set decoration of Cheers.[11] The Bull & Finch Pub was later renamed Cheers Beacon Hill.[13] The entire season is set exclusively in the bar, its office, the bathroom, and the billiard room; no locations outside the bar were used until Diane Chambers' apartment is seen in the second season.[14]

George Wendt
John Ratzenberger
Their respective roles (Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin) were not envisioned until they auditioned for a minor, originally scripted role.

In the pilot episode's original script, there were only four principal characters: Sam Malone, Diane Chambers, Carla Tortelli, and Ernie "Coach" Pantusso. Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin were absent from the original script. George Wendt and John Ratzenberger had auditioned for the role of George, a character who would have been included in the ending scene of the pilot episode with just one line, "Beer."[15][16] Wendt was cast as George, who evolved into Norm Peterson,[17] while a know-it-all character Cliff Clavin was added at Ratzenberger's suggestion.[16] Therefore, influenced by the casting of Wendt and Ratzenberger, the pilot script was revised before production began on the show. Wendt became part of the program's regular cast and continued until it ended.[18] Ratzenberger was credited in almost every episode for his recurring appearances in season 1,[3] and he became part of the regular cast in the following season.[19]

Sam Malone was supposed to be an ex-wide receiver for the New England Patriots football team,[20] but Danson's casting led the program's writers to change Sam's former sporting role into a former relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox baseball team.[20][21][22] Nicholas Colasanto, director and actor who appeared in the 1980 film Raging Bull,[23] was cast as Coach.[2] About 1,000 actors who were not widely known were auditioned for these characters,[2] and Stephen Kolzak[18] was in charge of casting.[24] According to Ted Danson, Perlman was the first actor to be hired for the show[25] and was cast as Carla.[2] Perlman had previously appeared in Taxi as the wife (ex-wife during the show's final season) of Louie de Palma, played by her husband Danny DeVito.[2] Danson and Long were cast as a romantic duo.[26]

Rhea Perlman was first to be cast.[25] Also, she was pregnant during the whole season, as well as her character Carla.[27]

At the time the show was being filmed, Rhea Perlman was pregnant. She told the producers during filming of the third of fourth episode (produced or aired), and the episodes were filmed out of sequence to allow Perlman to hide her pregnancy with a tray until the episode "Father Knows Last", after which Perlman's pregnancy was assimilated into her character Carla Tortelli, who was pregnant with her ex-husband Nick's child for the rest of the season. Perlman's daughter Lucy was born on March 12, 1983.[27]

Drinks and snacks in the show were neither alcoholic nor edible. The scotch was made from water, the beer was non-alcoholic and was made out of "less lingering ingredients" with salt to produce a foam, and the cheese puffs were not real. The bathroom did not have toilets and sinks. Canned laughter was not used on the show; live audience reactions were recorded on film.[28] From episode 13, each episode was preceded with the announcement, "Cheers is filmed before a live studio audience", and this continued during the remainder of the show's run.[29]

NBC praised the show when the network was given test experiments and ordered initial thirteen episodes to be produced.[30] The series' Nielsen ratings were low during this season, and the network tried to attract more viewers to the series. One episode was experimentally shot on videotape to lower production costs, but the producers were not satisfied with the results and continued to shoot the show on film.[31] NBC also produced a scripted Super Bowl sketch with sportscaster Pete Axthelm, which was broadcast during the Super Bowl pre-game segment on January 30, 1983,[7][8] along with sketches for other NBC shows, including The A-Team.[7] After efforts to improve the ratings failed, NBC approved production of nine more episodes,[30] and renewed the series for the next season.[32]

Before "Where Everybody Knows Your Name", written by Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo became the show's theme song, Cheers' producers rejected two of Portnoy's and Hart Angelo's songs. The songwriters had collaborated to provide music for Preppies an unsuccessful Broadway musical. When told they could not appropriate "People Like Us", Preppies's opening song, the pair wrote My Kind of People, intended to satirize "the lifestyle of old decadent old-money WASPs," but, to meet producers' demands, they rewrote the lyrics to be about "likeable losers" in a Boston bar. The show's producers rejected this song, as well as later songs that Portnoy and Angelo wrote. When Portnoy and Hart Angelo heard that NBC had commissioned thirteen episodes, they created "Where Everybody Knows Your Name", and rewrote the lyrics.[33]

Broadcasts

Cheers was an easy call. That is just so well done that we should be sent to jail for cancelling it.[34]

- Grant Tinker, NBC chairman and chief executive

Cheers was first broadcast at 9:00pm (Eastern) / 8:00pm (Central) on Thursday during fall 1982, which later became NBC's Must See TV, which followed the hour-long musical series Fame and preceded another half-hour sitcom Taxi, and hour-long crime series Hill Street Blues.[5] Cheers was scheduled against CBS's Simon & Simon and ABC's Too Close for Comfort.[35] Because of poor Nielsen ratings, NBC changes its Thursday schedule. Critically acclaimed comedy Taxi moved to Saturdays; critically panned Gimme a Break! moved to Thursdays at 9pm ET/8pm CT and Cheers was moved to the 9:30pm ET/8:30pm CT slot,[5] still competing against Simon & Simon and ABC's It Takes Two.[36] Fame and Hill Street Blues remained in the same time slot.[5] The overall performance of the season was 74th place out of "[ninety-nine] regularly scheduled shows".[37]

Despite low ratings and unsuccessful attempts to improve them, NBC renewed Cheers for a second season, which it announced in March 1983.[32] During mid-1983, reruns of the show's first season scored high ratings, most episodes reaching the top 20.[38] "No Contest" was rerun on July 14, 1983, at 9:30pm ET/8:30pm CT[39] and tied with Remington Steele in 12th place out of 65 programs in the ratings week of July 11, 1983.[40] "Let Me Count the Ways" was rerun on May 26, 1983,[41] and came 19th out of 63 programs with a 17.4 rating.[42] "The Boys in the Bar" aired again on July 28, 1983,[43] and scored a 12.8 rating and 23 share.[44]

In Sydney, Australia, the first season aired on Sundays on Network Ten from November 1983[45] to April 8, 1984.[46]

Reception

During the first broadcast of its first season in 1982–1983, Cheers received positive reviews.[47] Rick Sherwood called it "ever-charming".[48] Montreal critic Mike Boone from The Gazette called it "unpredictable" and the supporting characters "splendid".[49] Fred Rothenberg of the Associated Press called it the "funniest, most adult comedy on TV".[50]

Later reviews were more positive. Jason Bovberg from DVD Talk praised season 1's writing quality above its "odd assortment of [characters]" and gave its content four and a half stars out of five.[51] Steve Butts from IGN called this season "some of the best comedy writing and acting seen on television", praised the cast's performances, and gave it nine out of ten points.[52] Another IGN critic Cliff Wheatley called the pilot "Give Me a Ring Sometime" the ninth best Cheers episode and another episode "Truth or Consequences" fifth.[53] Stephen Tropiano from PopMatters called it "fresh and very funny", even for a very old show, but said that some situations seem "forced", especially for customers with no connections to main characters. He also wrote that the show has "witty dialogue, talented ensemble, and a premise reminiscent of 1930s screwball comedies", which compared with the most popular sitcoms of the 1970s—Three’s Company, Laverne and Shirley, and The Love Boat—"Cheers was a welcome change of pace.".[54]

Michael Speier from Variety magazine called it "clever and touching" with "fresh" stories and praised chemistry between Ted Danson and Shelley Long.[55] Jonathan Boudreaux from the website TVDVDReviews.com wrote, "[w]hile the episodes are often outrageously funny, the show's humor is character-based. The laughs arrive from the personalities and foibles of the group rather than from wacky situations." He also wrote, "Cheers is probably one of the best TV series of all time."[56] Elizabeth Skipper from DVD Verdict rated the story 90 percent and acting 95 percent and wrote, "[t]here's nothing terribly unique about the series; it's ...  fueled by the sexual tension between the two leads and fanned by a well-rounded supporting cast, a portrayal of the attempts of a downtown boy to win over an uptown girl—it's all been done before."[57] Matt Brighton from Blu-ray Authority called the season's writing and directing "clever" and was "impressed at how this show has stood the test of time."[58] TV Guide called "The Tortelli Tort" a "classic episode".[59]

Accolades

We could have no better relationship with a network.[60]

- Les Charles at the 1983 Emmy Awards

The first season of Cheers received thirteen nominations for the Primetime Emmy Awards in 1983. It won five Emmy Awards, including an Outstanding Comedy Series. All the main cast except George Wendt, and John Ratzenberger, who was not part of the main cast, were nominated for, respectively, their own leading and supporting roles.[61] Shelley Long won the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. Glen and Les Charles won an Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series award for the pilot episode "Give Me a Ring Sometime". Episodes "The Boys in the Bar" and "Diane's Perfect Date" were nominated for the same category. James Castle and Bruce Bryant won an Outstanding Individual Achievement of Graphic Design and Title Sequences for "Showdown, Part One". James Burrows won an Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series award for "Showdown, Part Two". The program's theme song, "Where Everybody Knows Your Name", was nominated for an Outstanding Achievement in Music and Lyrics award, but did not win.[61]

The Television Critics Association voted Cheers the Best New Series of 1982–1983.[62][63] The episodes "Give Me a Ring Sometime" and "The Boys in the Bar" won the Episodic Comedy category in the 36th Annual Writers Guild of America Awards in 1984.[64] "The Spy Who Came In for a Cold One",[65] and "Let Me Count the Ways" were nominated for the same award.[66] James Burrows won the Comedy Series category of the 36th Annual Directors Guild of America Award (DGA) for "Showdown, Part Two" in 1984;[67] he was DGA-nominated for "Sam at Eleven" but did not win in 1983.[68]

On Saturday, January 29, 1983, Cheers won the Golden Globe Award for Best Musical or Comedy Television Series of 1982, and Shelley Long won a Golden Globe Award as the Best Supporting Actress in Television.[69] Cheers did not win any Golden Globes for categories related to comedy television of 1983 at the 1984 ceremony.[70] On Thursday, March 17, 1983, Cheers won the Favorite New Television Comedy Program award at the 9th Annual People's Choice Awards.[71][72]

DVD release

Season 1 of Cheers was released on Region 1 DVD on May 20, 2003, twenty years after its season finale and ten years after the series finale, "One for the Road", were broadcast on television.[55][73] Elizabeth Skipper of DVD Verdict rated video quality 80 percent and the sound quality 65 percent, but called the menu settings "ugly" and uninspiring, and the special features "lackluster" and consisting mostly of compilation clips of this season.[57] Jonathan Boudreaux of TVDVDreviews.com found the video "clear and sharp", and found the sound quality similar to that of the television broadcast.[56]

Cheers: The Complete First Season
Set Details[73] Special Features[73]
  • Setting The Bar: A Conversation with Ted Danson
  • Love at First Fight: Opposites Distract
  • Coach Ernie Pantusso's Rules of the Game
  • I'll Drink to That: Stormin' Norm-isms
  • "It's a Little Known Fact..." Cheers Trivia Game
Release Dates
Region 1 Region 2 Region 4
May 20, 2003 24 November 2003 15 January 2004

Notes

  1. ^ Buck, Jerry (January 23, 1983). "Cheers provides tough education". The Modesto Bee. Associated Press. p. 3, TV Magazine. Retrieved August 24, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Scott, Vernon. "Series Producers Working Now to Get `Cheers'." Telegraph Herald [Dubuque, Iowa] 11 July 1982: 20. Google News. Web. 05 April 2012.
  3. ^ a b Bjorklund 2014, pp. 281–295.
  4. ^ "Television (Thursday)". Anchorage Daily News. October 14, 1982. Retrieved August 29, 2012 – via Google News Archive. The pilot episode, "Give Me a Ring Sometime", aired on October 14, 1982, in Anchorage, Alaska.
  5. ^ a b c d Wisehart, Bob (December 22, 1982). "Taxi switch distressing news for tuned-in television viewers". The Gazette. Newhouse News Service. p. B-6. Retrieved July 20, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  6. ^ a b Bjorklund 2014, pp. 281–295 "Season One: 1982-83."
  7. ^ a b c "Cast of Cheers with special material about the Super Bowl". Los Angeles Times. February 2, 1983. Part VI (Calendar), page 7. Microfilm.
  8. ^ a b Levine, Ken (February 6, 2010). "My Super Bowl Tradition: The Lost Cheers". ...by Ken Levine at Blogspot. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  9. ^ "Uncle Sam Malone". United States Department of Treasury. c. 1980s. Retrieved July 21, 2012 – via National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives Identifier: 5076619; Local Identifier: 53-BONDS-14; Agency-Assigned Identifier: P0074.
  10. ^ "Cheering Up Cheers". The Rome News-Tribune. November 19, 1982. p. 3. Retrieved September 19, 2012 – via Google News.
  11. ^ a b Lehman, Betsy (October 1, 1982). "Cheers 'to the Real Cast'; Beacon Hill Pub Goes Hollywood - via TV". Boston Globe. ProQuest 294220180. ProQuest: (registration required).
  12. ^ a b Meade, Peter (April 29, 1984). "We'll Cry In Our Beers As Sam, Diane Split". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. p. 14. Editions of April 27–29, 1984, are bundled in the webpage. Article is located at page 85 in Google.
  13. ^ Ferdinand, Pamela, from The Washington Post (September 1, 2001). "'Cheers' pub reincarnated". Bangor Daily News. p. G2. Retrieved June 21, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Google News.
  14. ^ "Cheers Surges from Ratings Slump". The Bulletin. United Press International. September 30, 1983. p. 30. Retrieved July 7, 2012 – via Google News Archives. This source explicitly mentions the first appearance of Diane Chambers's apartment without implications.
  15. ^ Wendt 2009, p. 112.
  16. ^ a b Wendt 2009, pp. 113–114
  17. ^ Wendt 2009, p. 113.
  18. ^ a b Bjorklund 2014, p. 281.
  19. ^ Bjorklund 2014, pp. 297+.
  20. ^ a b Meade, Peter (April 29, 1984). "We'll Cry In Our Beers As Sam, Diane Split". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. p. 14. Editions of April 27–29, 1984, are bundled in the webpage. Article is located at page 85 in Google.
  21. ^ Carter, Bill (May 9, 1993). "Why 'Cheers' Proved So Intoxicating". The New York Times. p. 6.
  22. ^ Balk, Quentin; Falk, Ben (2005). Television's Strangest Moments: Extraordinary but true tales from the history of television. London: Robson–Chrysalis. p. 166. ISBN 1-86105-874-8.
  23. ^ "Nick Colasanto Dead at 61; Played Bartender in 'Cheers'". The New York Times. February 14, 1985. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
  24. ^ "My thoughts on GQ 'Cheers' article". ...by Ken Levine. October 2, 2012. Levine refers Stephen Kolzak as "Steve Kolzak".
  25. ^ a b Danson, Ted (2003). "Setting the Bar: A Conversation with Ted Danson". Cheers: The Complete First Season (DVD). Paramount Pictures.
  26. ^ Danson, Ted (September 17, 2009). "Ted Danson, On Life (And 'Death') After 'Cheers'". Fresh Air from WHYY (Interview). Interviewed by David Bianculli. NPR.
  27. ^ a b Buck, Jerry (April 24, 1983). "Rhea Perlman Mixes Real Life with Series". The Press-Courier. Oxnard, California. TV Week, p. 7. Retrieved July 23, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  28. ^ Rothenberg, Fred (February 16, 1983). "Beers are fake, but Cheers aren't canned". Deseret News. Salt Lake City. Associated Press. p. WV11. Retrieved July 16, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  29. ^ D.L. Stewart (December 26, 1988). "There's no reason why 2 living room couch potatoes can't wash dishes — or is there?". Milwaukee Sentinel. Pt. 3, p. 1 ("Good Morning"). Retrieved July 16, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  30. ^ a b Meade, Peter (January 14, 1983). "Shelley Long cheers up". Rome News-Tribune. Rome, Georgia. p. 20. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  31. ^ Levine, Ken (March 18, 2012). "Another thing about Cheers you didn't know". ...by Ken Levine. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012 – via Blogspot.
  32. ^ a b "Cheers for a second season". Beaver County Times. Beaver County, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. March 13, 1983. p. D7. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  33. ^ "The Story Behind the Cheers Theme". GaryPortnoy.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Click "The Cheers Story".
  34. ^ Hastings, Julianne (June 27, 1983). "Grant Tinker's Aim Is Not to Be No. 3". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. United Press International. p. 8D. Retrieved July 20, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  35. ^ "Tonight (Thursday)". Kentucky New Era. December 9, 1982. p. 26. Retrieved September 18, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  36. ^ Judy Flander (January 6, 1983). "Cheers gets low place in ratings because of Simons' competition". Wilmington Morning Star. p. 5C. Retrieved September 18, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  37. ^ Bednarski, P.J. (September 3, 1983). "Why NBC Repeats Look Like New Shows". Boston Globe. ISSN 0743-1791. ProQuest 294224469. (registration required) ProQuest document ID: 294224469. The author worked for Chicago Sun-Times at the time of publication.
  38. ^ Scott, Vernin (September 22, 1983). "Cheers Boosted by Reruns". Reading Eagle. United Press International. p. 37. Retrieved July 6, 2012 – via Google News Archives.
  39. ^ "Today's Television". The Pittsburgh Press. July 14, 1983. p. C-10. Retrieved July 20, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  40. ^ Smith, Sally B (July 21, 1983). "NBC Moves Past ABC in Prime-Time TV Ratings". The New York Times. p. C-23. ProQuest 424661849.
  41. ^ "Thursday, May 26, 1983". Los Angeles Times. May 22, 1983. Television Times, p. 37.
  42. ^ "Television Schedule". Los Angeles Times. June 2, 1983. p. 12, Pt. VI (Calendar).
  43. ^ "Television (Schedule)". Lodi News-Sentinel [Lodi, California] July 28, 1983: 12. Google News. Web. June 13, 2012.
  44. ^ "NBC Wins Nielsen Race." Miami Herald August 3, 1983: 7B. NewsBank. Web. June 13, 2012. (registration required). Article at MiamiHerald.com: (subscription required).
  45. ^ "Sunday's programs". The Sydney Morning Herald. November 20, 1983. Lift-Out TV Guide, p. 63. Retrieved July 25, 2012 – via Google News Archive. The show might have premiered on November 13, 1983.
  46. ^ "Sunday's programs". The Sydney Morning Herald. April 8, 1984. Lift-Out TV Guide, p. 61. Retrieved July 25, 2012 – via Google News Archive. For some reason, some episodes were skipped during the period of November 1983 and April 1984. They might have been aired after episodes of the second season were broadcast.
  47. ^ Thomas, Jack (June 28, 1983). "Television Jack Thomas; Worst of the Worst". Boston Globe. ProQuest 294168672.
  48. ^ Sherwood, Rick (September 15, 1983). "Cheers episode is charming". Wilmington Morning Star. Wilmington, North Carolina. p. 5C. ISSN 0163-402X. Retrieved June 28, 2012. Rick Sherwood's article appears in other newspapers, according to Google search results.
  49. ^ Boone, Mike (May 2, 1984). "Cheers! Sam and Diane's breakup is a TV event worth drinking to". The Gazette. p. E12.
  50. ^ Rothenberg, Fred (October 13, 1983). "Love won't spoil Sam and Diane on Cheers". Anchorage Daily News. p. E11.
  51. ^ Bovberg, Jason (May 28, 2003). "Cheers: The Complete First Season". DVD Talk. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  52. ^ Butts, Steve (June 18, 2003). "Cheers: The Complete First Season Review". IGN. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  53. ^ Wheatley, Cliff (May 30, 2014). "Top 10 Cheers Episodes". IGN.
  54. ^ Tropiano, Stephen (June 23, 2003). "Cheers: The Complete First Season". PopMatters. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  55. ^ a b Speier, Michael (June 29, 2003). "Cheers". Variety. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  56. ^ a b Boudreaux, Jonathan (July 6, 2003). "Cheers: The Complete First Season DVD Review". Archived from the original on June 15, 2011 – via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.
  57. ^ a b Skipper, Elizabeth (July 14, 2003). "Cheers: The Complete First Season". DVD Verdict.
  58. ^ Brighton, Matt (January 28, 2012). "Cheers: The First Season". Blu-ray Authority. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  59. ^ Guide, T. V. (2005). TV Guide: TV on DVD 2006: The Ultimate Resource to Television Programs on DVD. p. 54. ISBN 0-312-35150-X.
  60. ^ Rothenberg, Fred (September 26, 1983). "Ask Why NBC..." Lewiston Journal. Lewiston-Auburn, Maine. Associated Press. Retrieved July 22, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  61. ^ a b Bjorklund 2014, pp. 457–458
  62. ^ "Thursday, July 7, 1983". The Pittsburgh Press. July 3, 1983. p. TV12. Retrieved July 20, 2012 – via Google News Archive. Scroll the page right at upper half to find the page that has a schedule, and find Cheers.
  63. ^ "Critics Like Cheers". The Miami Herald (Final ed.). July 10, 1983. TV section, p. 14 – via NewsBank. Record no: 8302240041.
  64. ^ "Cheers - The Boys in the Bar". The Writers Guild Foundation. 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  65. ^ "Cheers - Spy Who Came In For a Cold One, The". The Writers Guild Foundation. 2010. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  66. ^ "Cheers - Let Me Count the Ways". The Writers Guild Foundation. 2010. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  67. ^ "36th Annual DGA Awards Honoring Outstanding Directorial Achievement for 1983". Directors Guild of America. 1984. Retrieved July 25, 2012. To skim list down, click "ALL" and then "Comedy Series".
  68. ^ "35th Annual DGA Awards Honoring Outstanding Directorial Achievement for 1982". Directors Guild of America. 1983. Retrieved July 25, 2012. To see all nominees, click "Winners and Nominees". Then, to skim down the list, click "ALL" and then "Comedy Series".
  69. ^ "Gandhi Dominates Golden Globe Awards". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. United Press International. January 31, 1983. p. 30. Retrieved July 25, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  70. ^ "Globe winners at a glance". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Associated Press. January 30, 1984. p. 60. Retrieved July 25, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  71. ^ "Burt, Barbara People's Choices". The Daily Record. Ellensburg, Washington. United Press International. August 20, 2012. p. 6. Retrieved August 20, 2012 – via Google News Archive.
  72. ^ And the 9th Annual "Favorite New Television Comedy Program" People's Choice is...Cheers! (Web). P&G Productions, Inc. March 11, 1983. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
  73. ^ a b c "Cheers - Season 1". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
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References

Ratings notes

According to Los Angeles Times, ratings from 1982 to 1983 were based on 83.3 million households with at least one television set. "Television Ratings" column list is located at Part VI, "Calendar" section. Below sources originated from Los Angeles Times, republished in microfilm copies, which may be located in your local library.

  1. ^ "Wednesday, October 6, 1982". p. 11. There are 63 programs in the list.
  2. ^ "Thursday, October 14, 1982". p. 11. 63 or 64 programs.
  3. ^ Schwartz, Tony (October 14, 1982). "Mixed Ratings for NBC". The New York Times. p. C-29. ProQuest 424453835. This episode scored a 24 New York City share.
  4. ^ "Wednesday, October 20, 1982". p. 8. 66 programs.
  5. ^ "Thursday, October 28, 1982". p. 12. 68 programs.
  6. ^ "Thursday, November 4, 1982". p. 12. 75 programs.
  7. ^ "Wednesday, November 10, 1982". p. 11. 85 programs.
  8. ^ "Thursday, November 18, 1982". p. 14. 65 programs.
  9. ^ "Wednesday, November 24, 1982". p. 10. 65 programs.
  10. ^ "Wednesday, December 1, 1982". p. 8. 69 programs.
  11. ^ "Thursday, December 9, 1982". p. 10. 68 programs.
  12. ^ "Thursday, December 16, 1982". p. 12. 73 programs.
  13. ^ "Friday, December 24, 1982". p. 10. Either 12.0 or 12.1, as microfilm copy can barely read this week's Nielsen ratings. 73 programs.
  14. ^ "Thursday, January 13, 1983". p. 9. 69 programs.
  15. ^ "Friday, January 21, 1983". p. 16. 69 programs.
  16. ^ "Thursday, January 27, 1983". p. 8. 69 programs.
  17. ^ "Thursday, February 3, 1983". p. 10. 67 programs.
  18. ^ "Wednesday, February 16, 1983". p. 38. 61 programs.
  19. ^ "Wednesday, February 23, 1983". p. 7. 71 programs.
  20. ^ "Wednesday, March 2, 1983". p. 10. 67 programs.
  21. ^ "Wednesday, March 9, 1983". p. 9. 66 programs.
  22. ^ "Wednesday, March 30, 1983". p. 8. 67 programs.
  23. ^ "Wednesday, April 6, 1983". p. 7. 69 programs.
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