Corneotherapy: Difference between revisions
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Reverting redirect as Corneotherapy is a legitimate science that does not identify to Moisturizers. |
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{{Infobox medical specialty |
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#redirect[[Moisturizer]] |
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| title = Corneotherapy |
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| subdivisions = |
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| image = Epidermal layers.png |
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| Caption = Layers of the epidermis with the ''stratum corneum'' |
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|image_size = 200px |
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| caption = Human ''stratum corneum'' |
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| system = [[Skin]] |
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| diseases = [[atopic dermatitis]], [[psoriasis]], [[dermatitis]] |
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| tests = [[Skin biopsy]] |
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| specialist = Corneotherapist |
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}} |
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'''Corneotherapy''' (from [[Latin]] ''corneum'', ''outermost layer of the skin'') is a concept of [[skin care]] that deals with repairing its [[Keratin#Cornification|cornified layer]] (''[[stratum corneum]]''), improving its function and the [[homeostasis]] of the skin. The term corneotherapy was defined in the mid-1960s by Albert Kligman, an American [[dermatology]] Professor. Corneobiology and corneobiochemistry are new terms used together with corneotherapy to illustrate this treatment regime.<ref name="consalud">{{cite web |url= https://www.consalud.es/estetic/servicios/corneotherapy-contra-el-envejecimiento-prematuro_22127_102.html |title= “Corneotherapy” contra el envejecimiento prematuro |date= November 4, 2015 |publisher= Consalud (Spain) }}</ref><ref name="pmid28266621">{{cite journal |author=Sadowski T, Klose C, Gerl MJ, Wójcik-Maciejewicz A, Herzog R, Simons K, Reich A, Surma MA |title=Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |volume=7 |issue= |pages=43761 |year=2017 |pmid=28266621 |doi=10.1038/srep43761 |url=}}</ref> |
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== Overview == |
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According to Kligman, ''Corneotherapy refers to preventive interventions that are primarily directed to the correction and restoration of the stratum corneum barrier that has been rendered defective and impaired by disease, genetics and a variety of mechanical, physical, chemical and psychological exogenous insults and stresses''.<ref name="kligman1"/> This chemical (lipids, acids, hydrolytic [[enzymes]] and [[peptides]]) and [[Immune system|immunologically]] active barrier, protects the body against [[microbial]] pathogens, [[oxidant stress]] ([[UV light]]) and [[chemical]] compounds.<ref name="elias">{{cite journal | last = Elias |first=P.M. | title = The skin barrier as an innate immune element | year = 2007 | journal = Seminars in Immunopathology | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–14 | doi = 10.1007/s00281-007-0060-9 | pmid = 17621950}}</ref><ref name="menon">{{cite journal | last = Menon |first= GK1 | last2 = Kligman |first2= A.M. | title = Barrier functions of human skin: a holistic view. | year = 2009 | journal = Skin Pharmacology and Physiology | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 178– 89 | doi = 10.1159/000231523 | pmid = 17621950}}</ref> |
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Corneotherapy is also an ensemble of cures centered around corneobiology, a science focused on the anatomy, physiology and biology of the stratum corneum.<ref name="kligman1">{{cite journal |author= A. M. Kligman |title= Corneobiology and Corneotherapy – a final chapter |journal=International Journal of Cosmetic Science |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages= 197-209 |year=2017 |pmid= |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00644.x |url= http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00644.x/full}}</ref><ref name="probeauty">{{cite news |url= |title= Corneotherapy: The science of maintenance and restoration |date= September 2012 |newspaper= Professional Beauty }}</ref> Corneotherapy encompasses all therapeutic interventions aimed at repairing stratum corneum barriers impaired through dermatologic disorders including [[atopic dermatitis]], [[psoriasis]], [[dermatitis]] and chronic alipidic skin. |
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== History == |
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Until the last part of the 20th century, the [[human skin]] outer layer of [[Desquamation|desquamating]] [[corneocyte]]s was perceived as a dead, inert, passive, metabolically lifeless membrane. It was also seen as a barrier impermeable to the environment that had no biological function.<ref name="kligman3">{{cite book |last= Kligman |first=A.M. |editor-last= Elias |editor-first= PM |editor-last2=Feingold |editor-first2=KR |title= Skin Barrier |publisher=Taylor and Francis, NY, London |date= 2005 |pages=15-24 |chapter= 3: How the Dead Stratum Corneum Became Alive |doi= 10.1201/b14173-4 |isbn=}}</ref> The story of corneotherapy begins with observations by Tree and Marks in a 1975 paper titled ''An Explanation for the ‘Placebo’ Effect of Bland Ointment Bases''. <ref name="kligman1"/> Then, a series of medical experimented conducted by Albert Kligman, revealed that the stratum corneum is a biologically active cellular tissue. Kligman and his partners discovered that the stratum corneum, and the lipid barrier that keeps it intact, played a significant role in skin health. It can send many signals to the underlying living epidermis and influences the regenerative processes in deeper layers of the skin. This revelation had an impact on subsequent understanding of skin health and topical therapies. Kligman labelled this ensemble of therapies: “corneoth¬erapy”. Then, more research on corneobiology was done by Peter Elias, a medical doctor. Elias defined the fundamental functions of the stratum corneum and outlined 10 functions of this horny layer of skin. In collaboration with Kligman, he considered a total of 16 layers. Kligman and his associates further found that treating the disturbed balance of the skin through the repeated application of substances with [[humectant]] and [[Moisturizer|emollients]] properties, had substantial clinical effects. These special substances, blended into creams became known as commercial skin “[[moisturizer]]s”.<ref name="Lautensjournal">{{cite journal |author= Lautenschläger, Hans. |title= Specific active agents and bases in corneotherapy |language= |journal= Cosmetic Medicine |volume=2004 |issue=2 |pages=72–74 |date= |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref> The repeated application for cosmetic and therapeutic uses of these “moisturisers” improved common skin barrier disorders including [[atopic dermatitis]], [[Keratin#Cornification|cornification]] disorders and [[Cutaneous condition|dermatosis]]. As a result of this research, the upper layers of the epidermis were recognized as a significant player in immunity and protection.<ref name="Lautensmoscow">{{cite journal |author= Lautenschläger, Hans. |title= The history and current aspects of corneotherapy, IV. |language= |journal= International Symposium on Aesthetic Medicine |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=58–60 |date= 19 April 2005 |pmid= |doi= |url= }}</ref> |
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== Applications == |
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{{gallery |
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| height = 150 |
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| width = 150 |
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| lines = 3 |
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|Image:Normal Epidermis and Dermis with Intradermal Nevus 10x.JPG|Epidermis and dermis of human skin |
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|Image:Anatomy of the skin.jpg|Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. |
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|Image:Skin.png|Cross-section of all skin layers |
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|File:Blausen 0353 Epidermis.png|Illustration of epidermal layers |
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}} |
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The practice of daily applications of a moisturizing agent in high doses not only induces skin surface hydration but also repairs mild barrier dysfunction of the stratum as noted in atopic [[Xeroderma|xerosis cutis]].<ref name="corneoprincip">{{cite journal |author= Hachiro Tagami |title= Percutaneous Absorption and Principles of Corneotherapy/Skin Care |language= |journal= Therapy of Skin Diseases |volume= |issue= |pages=57-62 |date=2010 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Skin repair]] |
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* [[ATC code D02]] |
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* [[List of cutaneous conditions]] |
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== Further readings == |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [corneotherapy.org/ International Association for Applied Corneotherapy] |
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{{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}} |
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{{integumentary system|state= collapsed}} |
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{{Emollients and protectives}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Corneotherapy}} |
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[[Category:Cutaneous conditions ]] |
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[[Category:Syndromes affecting the cornea]] |
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[[Category:Scientific terminology]] |
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[[Category:Medical terminology| ]] |
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Revision as of 13:02, 26 February 2018
 Human stratum corneum | |
| System | Skin |
|---|---|
| Significant diseases | atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, dermatitis |
| Significant tests | Skin biopsy |
| Specialist | Corneotherapist |
Corneotherapy (from Latin corneum, outermost layer of the skin) is a concept of skin care that deals with repairing its cornified layer (stratum corneum), improving its function and the homeostasis of the skin. The term corneotherapy was defined in the mid-1960s by Albert Kligman, an American dermatology Professor. Corneobiology and corneobiochemistry are new terms used together with corneotherapy to illustrate this treatment regime.[1][2]
Overview
According to Kligman, Corneotherapy refers to preventive interventions that are primarily directed to the correction and restoration of the stratum corneum barrier that has been rendered defective and impaired by disease, genetics and a variety of mechanical, physical, chemical and psychological exogenous insults and stresses.[3] This chemical (lipids, acids, hydrolytic enzymes and peptides) and immunologically active barrier, protects the body against microbial pathogens, oxidant stress (UV light) and chemical compounds.[4][5]
Corneotherapy is also an ensemble of cures centered around corneobiology, a science focused on the anatomy, physiology and biology of the stratum corneum.[3][6] Corneotherapy encompasses all therapeutic interventions aimed at repairing stratum corneum barriers impaired through dermatologic disorders including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, dermatitis and chronic alipidic skin.
History
Until the last part of the 20th century, the human skin outer layer of desquamating corneocytes was perceived as a dead, inert, passive, metabolically lifeless membrane. It was also seen as a barrier impermeable to the environment that had no biological function.[7] The story of corneotherapy begins with observations by Tree and Marks in a 1975 paper titled An Explanation for the ‘Placebo’ Effect of Bland Ointment Bases. [3] Then, a series of medical experimented conducted by Albert Kligman, revealed that the stratum corneum is a biologically active cellular tissue. Kligman and his partners discovered that the stratum corneum, and the lipid barrier that keeps it intact, played a significant role in skin health. It can send many signals to the underlying living epidermis and influences the regenerative processes in deeper layers of the skin. This revelation had an impact on subsequent understanding of skin health and topical therapies. Kligman labelled this ensemble of therapies: “corneoth¬erapy”. Then, more research on corneobiology was done by Peter Elias, a medical doctor. Elias defined the fundamental functions of the stratum corneum and outlined 10 functions of this horny layer of skin. In collaboration with Kligman, he considered a total of 16 layers. Kligman and his associates further found that treating the disturbed balance of the skin through the repeated application of substances with humectant and emollients properties, had substantial clinical effects. These special substances, blended into creams became known as commercial skin “moisturizers”.[8] The repeated application for cosmetic and therapeutic uses of these “moisturisers” improved common skin barrier disorders including atopic dermatitis, cornification disorders and dermatosis. As a result of this research, the upper layers of the epidermis were recognized as a significant player in immunity and protection.[9]
Applications
-
Epidermis and dermis of human skin
-
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
-
Cross-section of all skin layers
-
Illustration of epidermal layers
The practice of daily applications of a moisturizing agent in high doses not only induces skin surface hydration but also repairs mild barrier dysfunction of the stratum as noted in atopic xerosis cutis.[10]
See also
Further readings
References
- ^ ""Corneotherapy" contra el envejecimiento prematuro". Consalud (Spain). November 4, 2015.
- ^ Sadowski T, Klose C, Gerl MJ, Wójcik-Maciejewicz A, Herzog R, Simons K, Reich A, Surma MA (2017). "Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry". Scientific Reports. 7: 43761. doi:10.1038/srep43761. PMID 28266621.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c A. M. Kligman (2017). "Corneobiology and Corneotherapy – a final chapter". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 33 (3): 197–209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00644.x.
- ^ Elias, P.M. (2007). "The skin barrier as an innate immune element". Seminars in Immunopathology. 29 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0060-9. PMID 17621950.
- ^ Menon, GK1; Kligman, A.M. (2009). "Barrier functions of human skin: a holistic view". Skin Pharmacology and Physiology. 22 (4): 178–89. doi:10.1159/000231523. PMID 17621950.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Corneotherapy: The science of maintenance and restoration". Professional Beauty. September 2012.
- ^ Kligman, A.M. (2005). "3: How the Dead Stratum Corneum Became Alive". In Elias, PM; Feingold, KR (eds.). Skin Barrier. Taylor and Francis, NY, London. pp. 15–24. doi:10.1201/b14173-4.
- ^ Lautenschläger, Hans. "Specific active agents and bases in corneotherapy". Cosmetic Medicine. 2004 (2): 72–74.
- ^ Lautenschläger, Hans. (19 April 2005). "The history and current aspects of corneotherapy, IV". International Symposium on Aesthetic Medicine. 26 (2): 58–60.
- ^ Hachiro Tagami (2010). "Percutaneous Absorption and Principles of Corneotherapy/Skin Care". Therapy of Skin Diseases: 57–62.
External links
- [corneotherapy.org/ International Association for Applied Corneotherapy]