Hybrid name
 | The examples and perspective in this article may not include all significant viewpoints. (May 2010) |
In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid may be given a hybrid name, which is a special kind of botanical name. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants provides the following options in dealing with a hybrid:[1]
- A hybrid may get a normal botanical name; this will usually be the option of choice for naturally occurring hybrids.
- A hybrid may also be indicated by a formula listing the parents. Such a formula uses the multiplication sign "×" to link the parents.
A hybrid name can be indicated by:
- a multiplication sign "×" placed before the name of an intergeneric hybrid, or before the epithet of a species hybrid, e.g.:
- Sorbaronia or ×Sorbaronia is the name of hybrids between the genera Sorbus and Aronia,
- Iris germanica or Iris ×germanica is a species derived by hybrid speciation
- or by the prefix notho- attached to the rank,
- Crataegus nothosect. Crataeguineae
- Iris germanica nothovar. florentina.
The provisions in the ICN that deal with hybrid names are Articles H.1 to H.12.[1]
A hybrid name is treated like other botanical names, for most purposes. The multiplication sign is not part of the actual name and is to be disregarded for nomenclatural purposes such as synonymy, homonymy, etc. This means that a taxonomist could decide to use either form of this name: Drosera ×anglica to emphasize that it is a hybrid, or Drosera anglica to emphasize that it is a species.
A hybrid name is unlike other botanical names in that it does not necessarily refer to a cohesive unit but applies to all progeny of the parents, no matter how much the variation. So, Magnolia ×soulangeana applies to all progeny from the cross Magnolia denudata × Magnolia liliiflora, and from the crosses of all their progeny, as well as from crosses of any of the progeny back to the parents. This covers quite a range in flower colour.
The multiplication sign should be put before the name in case of intergeneric hybrid and otherwise before the relevant epithet.Examples:
- Dianthus ×allwoodii (the equivalent formula is Dianthus caryophyllus × Dianthus plumarius). This is an "interspecific hybrid" (a hybrid between two species in the same genus): the multiplication sign goes before the epithet.
- ×Heucherella tiarelloides (the equivalent formula is Heuchera sanguinea × Tiarella cordifolia). This is an "intergeneric hybrid" (a hybrid between two different genera): the multiplication sign is placed before the generic name. This generic name is a so-named "nothogeneric name" and is a condensed formula, formed from the generic names of the parents: e.g., ×Heucherella combines Heuchera and Tiarella).
See also
- Grex (horticulture), different rules for naming orchid hybrids
- graft-chimaera names look similar, but use an addition sign "+".
References
- ^ a b McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6.
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