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Hafiz Saeed

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Hafiz Muhammad Saeed
(Urdu: حافظ محمد سعید)
File:Hafiz-mohd-saeed.jpg
Born (1950-03-10) March 10, 1950 (age 74)
Sargodha, Pakistan
NationalityPakistanPakistani
OrganizationJama'at-ud-Da'wah

Hafiz Muhammad Saeed (Urdu: حافظ محمد سعید; born 1950) is the amir of Jama'at-ud-Da'wah,[1] a charity organization that is widely considered to be a cover organization for Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in the world, operating mainly from Pakistan. India considers him one of its most wanted terrorists because of his alleged ties with Lashkar-e-Taiba and his involvement in attacks against India.[2] The United Nations declared Jama'at-ud-Da'wah a terrorist organization in December 2008 and Hafiz Saeed a terrorist as its leader.[3] According to Hafiz Saeed, he has no links with LeT.[4][5] United States of America has announced a bounty of $10 million on Hafeez Saeed's head, for his alleged role in 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.[6][7]

Background

In 1950, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed was born in Sargodha to a conservative Pakistani Punjabi family.[8][9] His family lost 36 of its members when migrating from Shimla to Lahore during the Partition of India.[9] He is married and his wife's name is Maimoona.[10]

General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq appointed Hafiz Muhammad Saeed to the Council on Islamic Ideology, and he later served as an Islamic Studies teacher at the University of Engineering and Technology (Lahore), Pakistan.[9] He was sent to Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s by the university for higher studies where he met Saudi Sheikhs who were taking part in the Afghan jihad.[citation needed] They inspired him to join his colleague, Professor Zafar Iqbal, in taking an active role supporting the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. There he met some youth who later became his companions.[citation needed]

In 1987 Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, along with Abdullah Azzam, founded Markaz Dawa-Wal-Irshad, a group with roots in the Jamait Ahl-e-Hadis.[2][9]

This organization spawned the jihadist group Lashkar-e-Taiba in 1990,[9] with the help of Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence officers.[11]

Lashkar's primary target is the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.[12] He is also quoted as saying, "There cannot be any peace while India remains intact. Cut them, cut them so much that they kneel before you and ask for mercy."[13]

Hafiz Muhammad Saeed holds two masters degrees from the University of Punjab and a specialization in Islamic Studies & Arabic Language from King Saud University.[14]

Detentions and sanctions

2001–2002

Pakistan detained Hafiz Muhammad Saeed. on December 21, 2001 in relation to Indian accusations of his involvement with the December 13, 2001 attack on the Lok Sabha. He was held until March 31, 2002, arrested again on May 15, and was placed under house arrest on October 31 of the same year.[10]

2006

After the July 11, 2006 Mumbai train bombings, the provincial government of Punjab, Pakistan arrested him on August 9, 2006 and kept him under house arrest but he was released on August 28, 2006 after a Lahore High Court order. He was arrested again on the same day by the provincial government and was kept in the Canal Rest House in Sheikhupura. He was finally released after the Lahore High Court order on October 17, 2006.[15][16]

2008–2009

After the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, India submitted a formal request to the U.N. Security Council to put the group Jamaat-ud-Dawa and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed on the list of individuals and organizations sanctioned by the United Nations for association with terrorism. It accused the organization and its leader, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, of being virtually interchangeable with Lashkar-e-Taiba. India said that the close links between the organizations, as well as the 2,500 offices and 11 seminaries that Jamaat-ud-Dawa maintains in Pakistan, "are of immediate concern with regard to their efforts to mobilize and orchestrate terrorist activities."[17] On December 10, 2008 Hafiz Muhammad Saeed denied a link between LeT and JuD in an interview with Pakistan's Geo television stating that "no Lashkar-e-Taiba man is in Jamaat-ud-Dawa and I have never been a chief of Lashkar-e-Taiba."[4]

On December 11, 2008 Hafiz Muhammed Saeed was again placed under house arrest when the United Nations declared Jamaat-ud-Dawa to be an LeT front.[18] Hafiz Muhammad Saeed was held in house arrest under the Maintenance of Public Order law, which allows authorities to detain temporarily individuals deemed likely to create disorder,[18] until early June 2009 when the Lahore High Court, deeming the containment to be unconstitutional, ordered Hafiz Muhammad Saeed to be released.[19] India quickly expressed its disappointment with the decision.[19]

On July 6, 2009 the Pakistani government filed an appeal of the court's decision. Deputy Attorney General Shah Khawar told the Associated Press that "Hafiz Saeed at liberty is a security threat."[20]

On August 25, 2009 Interpol issued a Red Corner Notice against Hafiz Saeed, along with Zaki ur Rehman Lakhvi, in response to Indian requests for his extradition.[21]

Hafiz Muhammad Saeed was again placed under house arrest by the Pakistani authorities in September 2009.[22]

Lahore High Court decision

On October 12, 2009, the Lahore High Court quashed all cases against Hafiz Muhammad Saeed and set him free. The court also notified that Jama'at-ud-Da'wah is not a banned organization and can work freely in Pakistan. Justice Asif Saeed Khosa, one of two judges hearing the case, observed "In the name of terrorism we cannot brutalise the law."[23]

Indian attempts at extradition

On May 11, 2011, in an effort to place pressure on Pakistan, India publicly revealed a list of its 50 most wanted fugitives hiding in Pakistan.[24] India believes Hafiz Saeed is a fugitive, this arrest warrant presently has no effect on Saeed's movements within Pakistan, following the Lahore High Court ruling Saeed has been moving freely around the country. He continues to maintain his innocence and denies that his charity has any link to LeT.

US bounty

In 2012, United States announced a bounty of $10 million on Hafeez Saeed's head, for his alleged role in 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.[25][7] Saeed has defended himself, stating that he has nothing to do with the Mumbai attacks, he also condemned the attacks, when asked related to bounty on his head Saeed replied “I am living my life in the open and the US can contact me whenever they want,” [26] Saeed also accuses the United States of trying to pacify India by issuing a bounty on his head. [27]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Jamaat-ud-Dawah website-Organization".
  2. ^ a b India's most wanted. Vol. 19. Frontline. 2002. ISBN 0066210631. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  3. ^ Roggio, Bill (December 11, 2008). "UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group". The Long War Journal. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
  4. ^ a b "Third Mumbai Terrorist Suspect Placed Under House Arrest; Charity a Front Group For Terrorist Organization". Fox News. December 10, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  5. ^ "Jamaat chief rejects Indian charges". Al Jazeera English. Aljazeera IT. February 18, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  6. ^ http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/india-welcomes-10-million-bounty-on-hafiz-saeed/228229
  7. ^ a b Daniel, Frank Jack (2012-04-03). "U.S. puts $10 million bounty on Pakistan militant; India pleased". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved April 03, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. ^ "Noose tightens around Hafiz Saeed, LT and Jamaatud Daawa". Dailytimes.com.pk. December 12, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e Swami, Praveen (December 9, 2008). "Pakistan and the Lashkar's jihad in India". The Hindu.
  10. ^ a b LHC seeks reply from Punjab, Centre, Dailytimes.com.pk, 11 December 2002.
  11. ^ Schmitt, Eric (December 7, 2008). "Pakistan's Spies Aided Group Tied to Mumbai Siege". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Rahman, Maseeh; Jones, Sam (December 1, 2008). "Rumours abound as inquiry begins its search for truth". The Guardian. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
  13. ^ Roy, Arundhati (December 13, 2008). "The Monster in the Mirror". The Guardian. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
  14. ^ "Professor Hafiz Muhammad Saeed". PakistaniLeaders.com. 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  15. ^ "LHC orders release of Hafiz Saeed". Dawn. October 18, 2006.
  16. ^ Subramanian, Nirupama (October 18, 2006). "Court orders Hafiz Saeed's release". The Hindu.
  17. ^ McFarquhar, Neil. India wants Pakistani group added to UN's terrorism list, The New York Times, 9 December 2008.
  18. ^ a b Khan, M Ilyas (June 2, 2009). "Profile: Hafiz Mohammad Saeed". Islamabad: BBC News. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
  19. ^ a b "Pakistan releases 'top militant'". BBC News. June 2, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
  20. ^ Shazad, Asif (July 6, 2009). "Pakistan appeals ruling to release Mumbai suspect". Associated Press. Retrieved July 7, 2009. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)[dead link]
  21. ^ Gangadharan, Surya (August 27, 2009). "Interpol notice against Saeed adds to Pak worries". IBN. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  22. ^ "Pakistan curbs on Mumbai accused". BBC News. September 21, 2009. Retrieved September 21, 2009.
  23. ^ Nadeem, Atif (October 13, 2009). "LHC orders quashing of FIRs against Hafiz Saeed". The News. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
  24. ^ "ISI's major Iqbal, LeT chief Saeed in India's most-wanted list". The Economic Times. May 12, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  25. ^ http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/india-welcomes-10-million-bounty-on-hafiz-saeed/228229
  26. ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-42810-Hafiz-Saeed-responds-to-US-bounty-
  27. ^ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201243111015364712.html

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