Henry Fowler (engineer): Difference between revisions
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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[[Image:Mason Science College.png|thumb|left|[[Mason Science College|Mason Science College, now the University of Birmingham]]]] |
[[Image:Mason Science College.png|thumb|left|[[Mason Science College|Mason Science College, now the University of Birmingham]]]] |
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Fowler was born in [[Evesham, Worcestershire|Evesham]], [[Worcestershire]], on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry was a [[furniture]] dealer, and his family were [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]. He was educated at [[Evesham#Education|Prince Henry's High School, Evesham]], and at [[Mason Science College]] (which became the [[University of Birmingham]]) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied [[metallurgy]]. He served an [[apprenticeship]] under [[John Aspinall (engineer)|John Aspinall]] at the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR)'s [[Horwich railway works|Horwich Works]] from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under [[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]], whom he succeeded as Head of the Department. |
Fowler was born in [[Evesham, Worcestershire|Evesham]], [[Worcestershire]], on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry, was a [[furniture]] dealer, and his family were [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]. He was educated at [[Evesham#Education|Prince Henry's High School, Evesham]], and at [[Mason Science College]] (which became the [[University of Birmingham]]) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied [[metallurgy]]. He served an [[apprenticeship]] under [[John Aspinall (engineer)|John Aspinall]] at the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR)'s [[Horwich railway works|Horwich Works]] from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under [[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]], whom he succeeded as Head of the Department. |
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Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the [[Midland Railway]] (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded [[Richard Deeley]] as [[chief mechanical engineer]] (CME) of the MR. |
Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the [[Midland Railway]] (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded [[Richard Deeley]] as [[chief mechanical engineer]] (CME) of the MR. |
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Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on [[First World War|war work]] and [[James Anderson (mechanical engineer)|James Anderson]] became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being |
Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on [[First World War|war work]] and [[James Anderson (mechanical engineer)|James Anderson]] became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being director of production from 1915 to 1917 and then assistant director general of aircraft production.<ref>http://www.steamindex.com/people/fowler.htm</ref> In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31297 |date=15 April 1919 |startpage=4991 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31457 |date=11 July 1919 |startpage=8989 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref> |
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In 1923 on the [[Railways Act 1921|Grouping]], he was appointed deputy CME of the newly formed [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS), under George Hughes and became CME in October 1925. |
In 1923 on the [[Railways Act 1921|Grouping]], he was appointed deputy CME of the newly formed [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS), under George Hughes and became CME in October 1925. |
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Sir Henry died in 1938. |
Sir Henry died in 1938. |
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== Locomotive |
== Locomotive designs == |
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The following classes of steam locomotive were introduced by Sir Henry: |
The following classes of steam locomotive were introduced by Sir Henry: |
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* [[LMS Class 2P 4-4-0]] |
* [[LMS Class 2P 4-4-0]] |
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Revision as of 14:35, 6 October 2015
Sir Henry Fowler | |
|---|---|
| Born | 29 July 1870 Evesham, Worcestershire |
| Died | 16 October 1938 (aged 68) |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Mason Science College, now the University of Birmingham |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Engineering career | |
| Discipline | Locomotive engineer |
| Institutions | Institution of Mechanical Engineers |
Sir Henry Fowler, KBE (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was a chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
Biography
Fowler was born in Evesham, Worcestershire, on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry, was a furniture dealer, and his family were Quakers. He was educated at Prince Henry's High School, Evesham, and at Mason Science College (which became the University of Birmingham) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied metallurgy. He served an apprenticeship under John Aspinall at the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR)'s Horwich Works from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under George Hughes, whom he succeeded as Head of the Department.
Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the Midland Railway (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded Richard Deeley as chief mechanical engineer (CME) of the MR.
Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on war work and James Anderson became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being director of production from 1915 to 1917 and then assistant director general of aircraft production.[1] In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.[2][3]
In 1923 on the Grouping, he was appointed deputy CME of the newly formed London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), under George Hughes and became CME in October 1925.
Along with Anderson, Fowler was responsible for the adoption by the LMS of the Midland's small engine policy. Various Midland standard types were built by the LMS, including the 4P Midland Compound 4-4-0, the 2P 4-4-0, the 4F 0-6-0, and the 3F 0-6-0T. The small engine policy resulted in frequent double-heading, as the locomotives were not powerful enough to cope with loads, and thus increased expense. Standardisation also left these standard locomotives with short-travel valves and small axle boxes, the former leading to inefficiency and the latter to frequent hot axle boxes.
In 1928, the LMS introduced the Royal Scot 4-6-0 express passenger locomotive, based on the SR Lord Nelson Class.
In another departure from the small engine policy, several 2-6-0+0-6-2 Beyer-Garratts were acquired for the Toton-Brent coal trains but interference from Derby saw these receive standard small axle-boxes and short-travel valves with the result that they were poor performers.
Sir Henry retired in 1933, Ernest Lemon initially taking over as CME for a short period before William Stanier was head-hunted into the job from the Great Western Railway. Stanier was to reform LMS locomotive policy.
Sir Henry died in 1938.
Locomotive designs
The following classes of steam locomotive were introduced by Sir Henry:
- LMS Class 2P 4-4-0
- LMS Class 2F "Dock Tank" 0-6-0T
- LMS Class 3MT 2-6-2T
- LMS Class 3F "Jinty" 0-6-0T
- LMS Class 4P "Compound" 4-4-0
- LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T
- LMS Class 4F 0-6-0
- LMS Class 7F 0-8-0
- LMS Class 6P "Patriot" 4-6-0
- LMS Class 7P "Royal Scot" 4-6-0
- LMS Garratt 2-6-0+0-6-2
- LMS 6399 Fury
- S&DJR 7F 2-8-0
References
- ^ http://www.steamindex.com/people/fowler.htm
- ^ "No. 31297". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 15 April 1919. - ^ "No. 31457". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 11 July 1919.
External links
- Sir Henry Fowler at www.steamindex.com
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
- 1870 births
- 1938 deaths
- British railway mechanical engineers
- English Quakers
- Locomotive builders and designers
- Midland Railway people
- Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
- People from Evesham
- London, Midland and Scottish Railway people
- English mechanical engineers
- Alumni of the University of Birmingham