Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken, New Jersey | |
---|---|
City of Hoboken | |
Pier A | |
Nickname: The Mile Square City[1] | |
Location of Hoboken within Hudson County. Inset: Location of Hudson County highlighted in the State of New Jersey. | |
Census Bureau map of Hoboken, New Jersey | |
Country | United States |
State | New Jersey |
County | Hudson |
Incorporated | April 9, 1849 |
Government | |
• Type | Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) |
• Mayor | Dawn Zimmer (D, term ends December 31, 2013)[2] |
• Clerk | James J. Farina[3] |
Area | |
• Total | 2.011 sq mi (5.208 km2) |
• Land | 1.275 sq mi (3.303 km2) |
• Water | 0.736 sq mi (1.905 km2) 36.58% |
• Rank | 412th of 566 in state 6th of 12 in county[5] |
Elevation | 26 ft (8 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 50,005 |
• Estimate (2012[11]) | 52,034 |
• Rank | 34th of 566 in state 5th of 12 in county[12] |
• Density | 39,212.0/sq mi (15,139.8/km2) |
• Rank | 4th of 566 in state 4th of 12 in county[12] |
Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT)) |
ZIP code | 07030[13] |
Area code(s) | 201/551 |
FIPS code | 3401732250Template:GR[5][14] |
GNIS feature ID | 0885257Template:GR[5] |
Website | http://www.hobokennj.org |
Hoboken (/ˈhoʊboʊkən/ HO-bo-ken;[15] Unami: Hupokàn[16]) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005,[7][8][9] having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from the 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 counted in the 1990 Census.[17] The city is part of the New York metropolitan area and contains Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the region. Hoboken is also the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States.
Hoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. It became a township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Its waterfront was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from a blue collar town to one of upscale shops and condominiums. Hoboken is part of the New Jersey Gold Coast.[18]
Geography
Hoboken is located at 40°44′43″N 74°01′41″W / 40.745251°N 74.027926°W (40.745251,-74.027926). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 2.011 square miles (5.208 km2), of which, 1.275 square miles (3.303 km2) of it is land and 0.736 square miles (1.905 km2) of it (36.58%) is water.Template:GR[5]
Hoboken lies on the west bank of the Hudson River between Weehawken and Union City at the north and Jersey City (the county seat) at the south and west.[19] Directly across the Hudson River are the Manhattan, New York City neighborhoods of West Village and Chelsea.
Hoboken has 48 streets laid out in a grid. Many north-south streets were named for United States presidents (Washington, Adams, Madison, Monroe), though Clinton Street likely honors 19th century politician DeWitt Clinton.[citation needed] The numbered streets running east-west start two blocks north of Observer Highway with First Street, with the grid ending close to the city line with 16th near Weehawken Cove and the city.[19] Neighborhoods in Hoboken often have vague definitions making Downtown, Midtown, and Uptown subjective. Castle Point, The Projects, Hoboken Terminal, and Hudson Tea are distinct enclaves at the city's periphery. As it transforms from its previous industrial use to a residential district, the "Northwest" is a name being used for that part of the city.[20][21]
Hoboken's ZIP code is 07030,[13] and its area codes are 201 and 551.
Climate
Climate data for Hoboken | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 72 (22) |
75 (24) |
86 (30) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
101 (38) |
106 (41) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
94 (34) |
84 (29) |
75 (24) |
106 (41) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38 (3) |
42 (6) |
50 (10) |
61 (16) |
71 (22) |
79 (26) |
84 (29) |
83 (28) |
75 (24) |
64 (18) |
54 (12) |
43 (6) |
62 (17) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27 (−3) |
29 (−2) |
35 (2) |
45 (7) |
54 (12) |
64 (18) |
69 (21) |
68 (20) |
61 (16) |
50 (10) |
42 (6) |
32 (0) |
48 (9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −6 (−21) |
−15 (−26) |
3 (−16) |
12 (−11) |
28 (−2) |
44 (7) |
52 (11) |
50 (10) |
39 (4) |
28 (−2) |
7 (−14) |
−13 (−25) |
−15 (−26) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.65 (93) |
3.21 (82) |
4.36 (111) |
4.50 (114) |
4.19 (106) |
4.41 (112) |
4.60 (117) |
4.44 (113) |
4.28 (109) |
4.40 (112) |
4.02 (102) |
4.00 (102) |
50.06 (1,273) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.5 (19) |
6.8 (17) |
3.0 (7.6) |
0.5 (1.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.4 (1.0) |
3.9 (9.9) |
22.1 (55.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 77.6 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.0 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 20.4 |
Source: [22] |
History
Early and colonial
Hoboken was originally an island, surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and tidal lands at the foot of the New Jersey Palisades on the west. It was a seasonal campsite in the territory of the Hackensack, a phratry of the Lenni Lenape, who used the serpentine rock found there to carve pipes. The first recorded European to lay claim to the area was Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, who anchored his ship the Halve Maen (Half Moon) at Weehawken Cove on October 2, 1609.[23] Soon after it became part of the province of New Netherland. In 1630, Michael Pauw, a burgemeester (mayor) of Amsterdam and a director of the Dutch West India Company, received a land grant as patroon on the condition that he would plant a colony of not fewer than fifty persons within four years on the west bank of what had been named the North River. Three Lenape sold the land that was to become Hoboken (and part of Jersey City) for 80 fathoms (146 m) of wampum, 20 fathoms (37 m) of cloth, 12 kettles, six guns, two blankets, one double kettle and half a barrel of beer.[23] These transactions, variously dated as July 12, 1630 and November 22, 1630, represent the earliest known conveyance for the area. Pauw (whose Latinized name is Pavonia) failed to settle the land and he was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633. It was later acquired by Hendrick Van Vorst, who leased part of the land to Aert Van Putten, a farmer. In 1643, north of what would be later known as Castle Point, Van Putten built a house and a brewery, North America’s first. In series of Indian and Dutch raids and reprisals, Van Putten was killed and his buildings destroyed, and all residents of Pavonia (as the colony was known) were ordered back to New Amsterdam. Deteriorating relations with the Lenape, its isolation as an island, or relatively long distance from New Amsterdam may have discouraged more settlement. In 1664, the English took possession of New Amsterdam with little or no resistance, and in 1668 they confirmed a previous land patent by Nicolas Verlett. In 1674–75 the area became part of East Jersey, and the province was divided into four administrative districts, Hoboken becoming part of Bergen County, where it remained until the creation of Hudson County on February 22, 1840. English-speaking settlers (some relocating from New England) interspersed with the Dutch, but it remained scarcely populated and agrarian. Eventually, the land came into the possession of William Bayard, who originally supported the revolutionary cause, but became a Loyalist Tory after the fall of New York in 1776 when the city and surrounding areas, including the west bank of the renamed Hudson River, were occupied by the British. At the end of the Revolutionary War, Bayard’s property was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government of New Jersey. In 1784, the land described as "William Bayard's farm at Hoebuck" was bought at auction by Colonel John Stevens for £18,360 (then $90,000).[23]
The name "Hoboken" was decided upon by Colonel John Stevens when he purchased land, on a part of which the city still sits. The Lenape (later called Delaware Indian) referred to the area as the “land of the tobacco pipe”, most likely to refer to the soapstone collected there to carve tobacco pipes, and used a phrase that became “Hopoghan Hackingh”.[24] Like Weehawken, its neighbor to the north, Communipaw and Harsimus to the south, Hoboken had many variations in the folks-tongue. Hoebuck, old Dutch for high bluff and likely referring to Castle Point, was used during the colonial era and later spelled as Hobuck,[25] Hobock,[citation needed] and Hoboocken.[26] The similarity to the district of Hoboken in the Flemish city of Antwerp appears to be coincidental.
Today, Hoboken's unofficial nickname is now the "Mile Square City",[1] but it actually covers an area of two square miles when including the under-water parts in the Hudson River.[5] During the late 19th/early 20th century the population and culture of Hoboken was dominated by German language speakers who sometimes called it "Little Bremen", many of whom are buried in Hoboken Cemetery, North Bergen.[27][28]
19th century
In the early 19th century, Colonel John Stevens developed the waterfront as a resort for Manhattanites. On October 11, 1811, Stevens' ship the Juliana, began to operate as a ferry between Manhattan and Hoboken, making it the world's first commercial steam ferry.[29] In 1825, he designed and built a steam locomotive capable of hauling several passenger cars at his estate. Sybil's Cave, a cave with a natural spring, was opened in 1832 and visitors came to pay a penny for a glass of water from the cave which was said to have medicinal powers.[30] In 1841, the cave became a legend, when Edgar Allan Poe wrote "The Mystery of Marie Roget" about an event that took place there.[31] The cave was closed in the late 1880s after the water was found to be contaminated, and it was shut and in the 1930s and filled with concrete, before it was reopened in 2008.[32] Before his death in 1838, Stevens founded the Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, which laid out a regular system of streets, blocks and lots, constructed housing, and developed manufacturing sites. In general, the housing consisted of masonry row houses of three to five stories, some of which survive to the present day, as does the street grid.[33]
Hoboken was originally formed as a township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township. As the town grew in population and employment, many of Hoboken's residents saw a need to incorporate as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born.[34] In the subsequent election, Cornelius V. Clickener became Hoboken's first mayor. On March 15, 1859, the Township of Weehawken was created from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen Township.[34]
Based on a bequest from Edwin A. Stevens, Stevens Institute of Technology was founded at Castle Point in 1870 site of the Stevens family's former estate as the nation's first mechanical engineering college.[35] By the late 19th century, shipping lines were using Hoboken as a terminal port, and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (later the Erie Lackawanna Railroad) developed a railroad terminal at the waterfront, with the present New Jersey Transit terminal designed by architetct Kenneth Murchison constructed in 1907.[36] It was also during this time that German immigrants, who had been settling in town during most of the century, became the predominant population group in the city, at least partially due to its being a major destination port of the Hamburg America Line, though anti-German sentiment during World War I led to a rapid decline in the German community.[37] In addition to the primary industry of shipbuilding, Hoboken became home to Keuffel and Esser's three-story factory and in 1884, to Tietjen and Lang Drydock (later Todd Shipyards). Well-known companies that developed a major presence in Hoboken after the turn-of the-century included Maxwell House, Lipton Tea, and Hostess.
Birthplace of baseball
The first officially recorded game of baseball took place in Hoboken in 1846 between Knickerbocker Club and New York Nine at Elysian Fields.[38] In 1845, the Knickerbocker Club, which had been founded by Alexander Cartwright, began using Elysian Fields to play baseball due to the lack of suitable grounds on Manhattan.[39] Team members included players of the St George's Cricket Club, the brothers Harry and George Wright, and Henry Chadwick, the English-born journalist who coined the term "America's Pastime".
By the 1850s, several Manhattan-based members of the National Association of Base Ball Players were using the grounds as their home field while St. George's continued to organize international matches between Canada, England and the United States at the same venue. In 1859, George Parr's All England Eleven of professional cricketers played the United States XXII at Hoboken, easily defeating the local competition. Sam Wright and his sons Harry and George Wright played on the defeated United States team—a loss which inadvertently encouraged local players to take up baseball. Henry Chadwick believed that baseball and not cricket should become America's pastime after the game drawing the conclusion that amateur American players did not have the leisure time required to develop cricket skills to the high technical level required of professional players. Harry Wright and George Wright then became two of America's first professional baseball players when Aaron Champion raised funds to found the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869.
In 1865 the grounds hosted a championship match between the Mutual Club of New York and the Atlantic Club of Brooklyn that was attended by an estimated 20,000 fans and captured in the Currier & Ives lithograph "The American National Game of Base Ball".[40]
With the construction of two significant baseball parks enclosed by fences in Brooklyn, enabling promoters there to charge admission to games, the prominence of Elysian Fields diminished. In 1868 the leading Manhattan club, Mutual, shifted its home games to the Union Grounds in Brooklyn. In 1880, the founders of the New York Metropolitans and New York Giants finally succeeded in siting a ballpark in Manhattan that became known as the Polo Grounds.
World War I
When the U.S. entered World War I, the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken (and New Orleans) were taken under eminent domain.[41] Federal control of the port and anti-German sentiment led to part of the city being placed under martial law, and many German immigrants were forcibly moved to Ellis Island or left the city of their own accord.[42] Hoboken became the major point of embarkation and more than three million soldiers, known as "doughboys", passed through the city.[43] Their hope for an early return led to General Pershing's slogan, "Heaven, Hell or Hoboken... by Christmas."[44]
Following the war, Italians, mostly stemming from the Adriatic port city of Molfetta, became the city's major ethnic group, with the Irish also having a strong presence.[45] While the city experienced the Great Depression, jobs in the ships yards and factories were still available, and the tenements were full. Middle-European Jews, mostly German-speaking, also made their way to the city and established small businesses. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which was established on April 30, 1921, oversaw the development of the Holland Tunnel (completed in 1927) and the Lincoln Tunnel (in 1937), allowing for easier vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City, bypassing the waterfront.
Post-World War II
The war facilitated economic growth in Hoboken, as the many industries located in the city were crucial to the war effort. As men went off to battle, more women were hired in the factories, some (most notably, Todd Shipyards), offering classes and other incentives to them. Though some returning service men took advantage of GI housing bills, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay in town. During the fifties, the economy was still driven by Todd Shipyards, Maxwell House,[46] Lipton Tea, Hostess and Bethlehem Steel and companies with big plants still not inclined to invest in huge infrastructure elsewhere. Unions were powerful and the pay was good.
By the 1960s, though, things began to deteriorate: turn-of-the century housing started to look shabby and feel crowded, shipbuilding was cheaper overseas, and single-story plants surrounded by parking lots made manufacturing and distribution more economical than old brick buildings on congested urban streets. The city appeared to be in the throes of inexorable decline as industries sought (what had been) greener pastures, port operations shifted to larger facilities on Newark Bay, and the car, truck and plane displaced the railroad and ship as the transportation modes of choice in the United States. Many Hobokenites headed to the suburbs, often the close-by ones in Bergen and Passaic Counties, and real-estate values declined. Hoboken sank from its earlier incarnation as a lively port town into a rundown condition and was often included in lists with other New Jersey cities experiencing the same phenomenon, such as Paterson, Elizabeth, Camden, and neighboring Jersey City.
The old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Attempts were made to stabilize the population by demolishing the so-called slums along River Street and build subsidized middle-income housing at Marineview Plaza, and in midtown, at Church Towers. Heaps of long uncollected garbage and roving packs of semi-wild dogs were not uncommon sights.[47] Though the city had seen better days, Hoboken was never abandoned. New infusions of immigrants, most notably Puerto Ricans, kept the storefronts open with small businesses and housing stock from being abandoned, but there wasn't much work to be had. Washington Street, commonly called "the avenue", was never boarded up, and the tight-knit neighborhoods remained home to many who were still proud of their city. Stevens stayed a premiere technology school, Maxwell House kept chugging away, and Bethlehem Steel still housed sailors who were dry-docked on its piers. Italian-Americans and other came back to the "old neighborhood" to shop for delicatessen.
Waterfront
The waterfront defined Hoboken as an archetypal port town and powered its economy from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, by which time it had become essentially industrial (and mostly inaccessible to the general public). The large production plants of Lipton Tea and Maxwell House, and the drydocks of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation dominated the northern portion for many years. On June 30, 1900, a large fire at the Norddeutscher Lloyd piers killed numerous people and caused almost $10 million in damage.[48][49] The southern portion (which had been a U.S. base of the Hamburg-American Line) was seized by the federal government under eminent domain at the outbreak of World War I, after which it became (with the rest of the Hudson County) a major East Coast cargo-shipping port.
With the construction of the interstate highway system and containerization shipping facilities (particularly at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal), the docks became obsolete, and by the 1970s were more or less abandoned.[23] A large swath of River Street, known as the Barbary Coast for its taverns and boarding houses (which had been home for many dockworkers, sailors, merchant mariners, and other seamen) was leveled as part of an urban renewal project. Though control of the confiscated area had been returned to the city in the 1950s, complex lease agreements with the Port Authority gave it little influence on its management. In the 1980s, the waterfront dominated Hoboken politics, with various civic groups and the city government engaging in sometimes nasty, sometimes absurd politics and court cases. By the 1990s, agreements were made with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, various levels of government, Hoboken citizens, and private developers to build commercial and residential buildings and "open spaces" (mostly along the bulkhead and on the foundation of un-utilized Pier A).[50]
The northern portion, which had remained in private hands, has also been re-developed. While most of the dry-dock and production facilities[51][52] were razed to make way for mid-rise apartment houses, many sold as investment "condos", some buildings were renovated for adaptive re-use (notably the Tea Building, formerly home to Lipton Tea, and the Machine House, home of the Hoboken Historic Museum). Zoning requires that new construction follow the street grid and limits the height of new construction to retain the architectural character of the city and open sight-lines to the river. Downtown, Frank Sinatra Park and Sinatra Drive honor the man most consider to be Hoboken's most famous son, while uptown the name Maxwell recalls the factory with its smell of roasting coffee wafting over town and its huge neon "Good to the Last Drop" sign, so long a part of the landscape. The midtown section is dominated by the serpentine rock outcropping atop of which sits Stevens Institute of Technology (which also owns some, as yet, undeveloped land on the river). At the foot of the cliff is Sybil's Cave (where 19th century day-trippers once came to "take the waters" from a natural spring), long sealed shut, though plans for its restoration are in place. The promenade along the river bank is part of the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway, a state-mandated master plan to connect the municipalities from the Bayonne Bridge to George Washington Bridge and provide contiguous unhindered access to the water's edge and to create an urban linear park offering expansive views of the Hudson with the spectacular backdrop of the New York skyline.
1970s–present
During the late 1970s and 1980s, the city witnessed a speculation spree, fueled by transplanted New Yorkers and others who bought many turn-of-the-20th-century brownstones in neighborhoods that the still solid middle and working class population had kept intact and by local and out-of-town real-estate investors who bought up late 19th century apartment houses often considered to be tenements. Hoboken experienced a wave of fires, some of which were arson.[53][54] Applied Housing, a real-estate investment firm, took advantage of US government incentives to renovate "sub-standard" housing and receive subsidized rental payments (commonly known as Section 8), which enabled some low-income, displaced, and disabled residents to move within town. Hoboken attracted artists, musicians, upwardly mobile commuters (known as yuppies), and "bohemian types" interested in the socioeconomic possibilities and challenges of a bankrupt New York and who valued the aesthetics of Hoboken's residential, civic and commercial architecture, its sense of community, and relatively (compared to Lower Manhattan) cheaper rents, and quick, train hop away. Maxwell's (a live music venue and restaurant) opened and Hoboken became a "hip" place to live. Amid this social upheaval, so-called "newcomers" displaced some of the "old-timers" in the eastern half of the city.
This gentrification resembled that of parts of Brooklyn and downtown Jersey City and Manhattan's East Village, (and to a lesser degree, SoHo and TriBeCa, which previously had not been residential). The initial presence of artists and young people changed the perception of the place such that others who would not have considered moving there before perceived it as an interesting, safe, exciting, and eventually, desirable. The process continued as many suburbanites, transplanted Americans, internationals, and immigrants (most focused on opportunities in NY/NJ region and proximity to Manhattan) began to make the "Jersey" side of the Hudson their home, and the "real-estate boom" of the era encouraged many to seek investment opportunities. Empty lots were built on, tenements became condominiums. Hoboken felt the impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely, many of its newer residents having worked there. Re-zoning encouraged new construction on former industrial sites on the waterfront and the traditionally more impoverished low-lying west side of the city where, in concert with Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New Jersey State land-use policy, transit villages[55] are now being promoted. Once a blue collar town characterized by live poultry shops and drab taverns, it has since been transformed into a town filled with gourmet shops and luxury condominiums.[54]
In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused widespread flooding in Hoboken, with half the city flooded.[56]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1850 | 2,668 | — | |
1860 | 9,662 | 262.1% | |
1870 | 20,297 | 110.1% | |
1880 | 30,999 | 52.7% | |
1890 | 43,648 | 40.8% | |
1900 | 59,364 | 36.0% | |
1910 | 70,324 | 18.5% | |
1920 | 68,166 | −3.1% | |
1930 | 59,261 | −13.1% | |
1940 | 50,115 | −15.4% | |
1950 | 50,676 | 1.1% | |
1960 | 48,441 | −4.4% | |
1970 | 45,380 | −6.3% | |
1980 | 42,460 | −6.4% | |
1990 | 33,397 | −21.3% | |
2000 | 38,577 | 15.5% | |
2010 | 50,005 | 29.6% | |
2012 (est.) | 52,034 | [11] | 4.1% |
Population sources: 1850-1920[57] 1860-1930[15] 1850-1870[58] 1850[59] 1870[60] 1880-1890[61] 1890-1910[62] 1910-1930[63] 1930-1990[64] 2000[65][66] 2010[7][8][9] |
The homelessness problem is addressed by the Hoboken Homeless Shelter, one of the three homeless shelters in the county.[67]
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $101,782 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,219) and the median family income was $121,614 (+/- $18,466). Males had a median income of $90,878 (+/- $6,412) versus $67,331 (+/- $3,710) for females. The per capita income for the city was $69,085 (+/- $3,335). About 9.6% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over.[68]
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 38,577 people, 19,418 households, and 6,835 families residing in the city. The population density was 30,239.2 inhabitants per square mile (11,636.5/km2), fourth highest in the nation after neighboring communities of Guttenberg, Union City and West New York.[69] There are 19,915 housing units at an average density of 15,610.7 per square mile (6,007.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.82% White, 4.26% African American, 0.16% Native American, 4.31% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 7.63% from other races, and 2.78% from two or more races. Furthermore 20.18% of the total residents also consider themselves to be Hispanic or Latino.[65][66]
There are 19,418 households out of which 11.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% are married couples living together, 9.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% are non-families. 41.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.92 and the average family size is 2.73.[65][66]
In the city the population is spread out with 10.5% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 51.7% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there are 103.9 males.[65][66]
The median income for a household in the city as of the 2000 census was $62,550, while the median income for a family was $67,500. Males had a median income of $54,870 versus $46,826 for females. The per capita income for the city was $43,195. 11.0% of the population and 10.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 23.6% of those under the age of 18 and 20.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.[65][66]
The city is a bedroom community of New York City, where most of its employed residents work.[70]
Government and public service
Local government
The City of Hoboken is governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government by a Mayor and a nine-member City Council. The City Council consists of three members elected at large from the city as a whole, and six members who each represent one of the city's six wards, all of whom are elected to four-year terms in nonpartisan elections on a staggered basis, with the six ward seats up for election together and the three at-large and mayoral seats up for vote two years later.[4]
In July 2011, the city council voted to move elections from May to November. The first shifted election would be in November 2013, meaning that all officials currently serving would have their terms extended by six months.[71]
As of 2013[update], the Mayor of Hoboken is Dawn Zimmer, previously the City Council President, who took office on July 31, 2009, after her predecessor, Peter Cammarano,[72] was arrested on allegations of corruption stemming from a decade-long FBI operation.[73] Zimmer, who lost a June 9, 2009, runoff election to Cammarano by 161 votes, served as acting mayor until winning a special election to fill the remainder of the term on November 3, 2009. She was sworn in as mayor on November 6. Zimmer is the first female mayor of Hoboken.[74]
As of 2013[update], the members of the City Council are:[75]
- At-Large: Ravinder Bhalla (term ends December 31, 2013)
- At-Large: David Mello (2013)
- At-Large: Vacant, after Carol Marsh resigned in 2012[76] Mayor Dawn Zimmer's attempts to appoint Jim Doyle to fill the vacancy were rejected by a Superior Court judge in July 2013.[77]
- 1st Ward: Theresa Castallano (2015)
- 2nd Ward: Elisabeth Mason (2015)
- 3rd Ward: Michael Russo (2015)
- 4th Ward: Timothy Occhipinti (2015)
- 5th Ward: Council President Peter Cunningham (2015)
- 6th Ward: Council Vice-President Jen Giattino (2015)
Federal, state, and county representation
Hoboken is located in the 8th Congressional District[78] and is part of New Jersey's 33rd state legislative district.[8][79][80] Prior to the 2010 Census, Hoboken had been part of the 13th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[81]
For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).[82][83] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrat Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[84]. One seat is currently vacant after Senator Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs) resigned on August 20, 2024.[85][86][87]
For the 2024–2025 session, the 33rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Brian P. Stack (D, Union City) and in the General Assembly by Julio Marenco (D, North Bergen) and Gabe Rodriguez (D, West New York).[88] Template:NJ Governor
Hudson County is governed by a directly elected County Executive and by a Board of County Commissioners, which serves as the county's legislative body. As of 2024[update], Hudson County's County Executive is Craig Guy (D, Jersey City), whose term of office expires December 31, 2027.[89] Hudson County's Commissioners are:[90][91][92]
Kenneth Kopacz (D, District 1-- Bayonne and parts of Jersey City; 2026, Bayonne),[93][94] William O'Dea (D, District 2-- western parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[95][96] Vice Chair Jerry Walker (D, District 3-- southeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[97][98] Yraida Aponte-Lipski (D, District 4-- northeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[99][100] Chair Anthony L. Romano Jr. (D, District 5-- Hoboken and adjoining parts of Jersey City; 2026, Hoboken),[101][102] Fanny J.Cedeno (D, District 6-- Union City; 2026, Union City),[103][104] Caridad Rodriguez (D, District 7-- West New York (part), Weehawken, Guttenberg; 2026, West New York),[105][106] Robert Baselice (D, District 8-- North Bergen, West New York (part), Seacaucus (part); 2026, North Bergen),[107][108] and Albert Cifelli (D, District 9-- East Newark, Harrison, Kearny, and Secaucus (part); 2026, Harrison).[109][110]
Hudson County's constitutional officers are: Clerk E. Junior Maldonado (D, Jersey City, 2027),[111][112] Sheriff Frank Schillari, (D, Jersey City, 2025)[113]
Surrogate Tilo E. Rivas, (D, Jersey City, 2024)[114][115] and Register Jeffery Dublin (D, Jersey City, 2024).[116][115] Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders District 5 comprises Hoboken and parts of the Heights in Jersey City[117] and is represented by Anthony Romano.[118][119]
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 35,532 registered voters in Hoboken, of which 14,385 (40.5%) were registered as Democrats, 3,881 (10.9%) were registered as Republicans and 17,218 (48.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 48 voters registered to other parties.[120]
In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.0% of the vote here (17,051 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 27.5% (6,590 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (225 votes), among the 24,007 ballots cast by the city's 38,970 registered voters, for a turnout of 61.6%.[121] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 65.0% of the vote here (13,436 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 33.4% (6,898 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (161 votes), among the 20,668 ballots cast by the city's 31,221 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 66.2.[122]
In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 62.3% of the vote here (9,095 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 29.5% (4,307 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 4.6% (673 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (138 votes), among the 14,593 ballots cast by the city's 34,844 registered voters, yielding a 41.9% turnout.[123]
Fire Department
The city is protected by the 132 paid firefighters of the city of Hoboken Fire Department. Established in 1891, the HFD currently operates under the command of a Department Chief, to whom 2 Deputy Chiefs report.[124] The department reported to 3,352 emergency calls in 2010, arriving in an average of 2.6 minutes from the time the original call was received.[125] The HFD has been a Class 1 rated fire department since 1996 as determined by the Insurance Services Office. the only one of its kind in New Jersey and one of only 24 in the United States.[126] HFD's firehouses, including its fire museum, is on the National Register of Historic Places.[127]
Fire station locations and apparatus
- Fire Station # 1 - 1313 Washington St. - Uptown[128][129]
- Engine 1
- Ladder 1
- Fire Station # 2 - 43 Madison St. - Downtown[130]
- Engine 2
- Ladder 2
- Fire Station # 3 - 801 Clinton St. - Uptown[130]
- Engine 3
- Rescue 1
- Fire Headquarters - 201 Jefferson St. - Midtown[130]
- Tour Commander
- Rescue 2(Special Operations Unit)
- Haz-Mat. Unit
- Reserve Engine 2
- Reserve Ladder 4
- Special and Support Units
- Fire Museum - 213 Bloomfield St. - Midtown[130][131]
Emergency Medical Services
EMS in the city of Hoboken is provided primarily by the members of the Hoboken Volunteer Ambulance Corps (HVAC), which was established in 1971. HVAC is the county's only all-volunteer EMS organization and does not charge for the services it provides. HVAC has seven emergency vehicles, in addition to six bicycles that can be used to provide coverage at outdoor events.[132]
Transportation
Hoboken has the highest public transportation use of any city in the United States.[133] Hoboken Terminal, located at the city's southeastern corner, is a national historic landmark originally built in 1907 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The terminal is the origination/destination point for several modes of transportation and an important hub within the NY/NJ metropolitan region's public transit system.
Rail
New Jersey Transit's Main Line, Bergen County Line, Pascack Valley Line, Montclair-Boonton Line, Morris and Essex Lines and Meadowlands Rail Line terminate at the Hoboken Terminal.[134] The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail has three stations in Hoboken. The three stations are Hoboken Terminal, 2nd Street and 9th Street-Congress Street. PATH is a 24-hour subway system that operates from Hoboken Terminal to 33rd Street Manhattan, World Trade Center, Journal Square and Newark Penn Station.
Water
NY Waterway ferry service makes Hudson River crossings from Hoboken Terminal and 14th Street to Battery Park City Ferry Terminal, Wall Street-Pier 11 and the West Midtown Ferry Terminal in Manhattan.[135]
Surface
New Jersey Transit buses 64, 68, 85, 87, 126, 22, 89, 23 and 22X terminate at Hudson Place/Hoboken Terminal.[136] Taxi service is available for a flat fare within city limits and negotiated fare for other destinations. Zipcar is located downtown at the Center Parking Garage on Park Avenue, between Newark Street and Observer Highway.[137]
Major roads
The 14th Street Viaduct connects Hoboken to Paterson Plank Road in Jersey City Heights. Two highway tunnels that connect New Jersey to New York are located close to Hoboken. The Lincoln Tunnel is north of the city in Weehawken. The Holland Tunnel is south of the city in downtown Jersey City.
Air
Hoboken has no airports. Airports which serve Hoboken are operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. These airports are Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy Airport.
Education
Public schools
Hoboken's public schools are operated by Hoboken Public Schools, and serve students in kindergarten through 12th grade. The district is one of 31 Abbott districts statewide,[138] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[139][140]
Schools in the district (with 2010-11 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[141]) include Joseph F. Brandt Primary School[142] for Kindergarten (51 students), three kindergarten through 8th grade schools - Salvatore R. Calabro Elementary School[143] (137), Thomas G. Connors Elementary School[144] (270) and Wallace Elementary School[145] (680) - along with Hoboken High School[146] for grades 9-12 (674 students) and A.J. Demarest High School, a vocational high school offering such programs as Culinary Arts, Construction and Cosmetology.[147][148][149] Hoboken High School was the 187th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 139th in 2008 out of 316 schools.[150]
In addition, Hoboken has three charter schools, which are schools that receive public funds yet operate independently of the Hoboken Public Schools under charters granted by the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Education. Elysian Charter School serves students in grades K-8, Hoboken Charter School in grades K–12 and HoLa Charter School in grades K-3 (K-5 by 2013).
Private schools
Private schools in Hoboken include All Saint's Episcopal Day School, The Hudson School, Mustard Seed School, Stevens Cooperative School and Hoboken Catholic Academy, a K-8 school operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[151]
University
Stevens Institute of Technology is a technological university located in the Castle Point section of Hoboken and was founded in 1870.[152]
Economy
The first centrally air-conditioned public space in the United States was demonstrated at Hoboken Terminal.[153] The first Blimpie restaurant opened in 1964 at the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets.[154] Today, Hoboken is home to one of the headquarters of publisher John Wiley & Sons.[155]
According to the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Hoboken's unemployment rate as of 2010 was 5.6%.[156]
Local attractions
Parks
The four parks were originally laid out within city street grid in the 19th century were Church Square Park, Columbus Park, Elysian Park and Stevens Park. Four other parks that were developed later but fit into the street pattern are Gateway Park, Jackson Street Park, Legion Park and Madison Park.
The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway is a state-mandated master plan to connect the municipalities from the Bayonne Bridge to the George Washington Bridge creating an 18-mile (29 km)-long urban linear park and provide contiguous unhindered access to the water's edge. By law, any development on the waterfront must provide a public promenade with a minimum width of 30 feet (9.1 m). To date, completed segments in Hoboken and the new parks and renovated piers that abut them are at Hoboken Terminal, Pier A, the promenade and bike path from Newark to 5th Streets, Frank Sinatra Park, Castle Point Park, Sinatra Drive to 12th to 14th Streets, New York Waterway Pier, 14th Street Pier, and 14th Street north to southern side of Weehawken Cove. Other segments of river-front held privately are not required to build a walkway until the land is re-developed.
The Hoboken Parks Initiative is a municipal plan to create more public open spaces in the city using a variety of financing schemes including contributions from and zoning trade-offs with private developers, NJ State Green Acres funds, and other government grants. It is source of controversy with various civic groups and the city government. Among the proposed projects, the only one to that has yet materialized is at Maxwell Place, whose developer is obligated to build a public promenade on the river. The parks that are planned to be built are Hoboken Island, Pier C, Stevens Tech Ice Skating Rink, 1600 Park Avenue, Hoboken Cove, 16th Street Pier, Green Belt Walkway and Upper West Side Park.
Events
Hoboken has many annual events such as the Frank Sinatra Idol Contest,[157] Hoboken Comedy Festival,[158] Hoboken House Tour, Hoboken International Film Festival,[159] Hoboken Studio Tour,[160] Hoboken Arts and Music Festival, Hoboken (Secret) Garden Tour and Movies Under the Stars.[161] The Hoboken Farmer's Market occurs every Tuesday, June through October.[162] There are also numerous festivals such as the Saint Patrick's Day Parade,[163] Feast of Saint Anthony's,[164] Saint Ann's Feast[165] and the Hoboken Italian Festival.[166]
Hoboken is home to the Macy's Parade Studio, which houses many of the floats for the famous Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.[167][168]
Media
Hoboken is located within the New York media market, most of it daily papers available for sale or delivery. Local, county, and regional news is covered by the daily Jersey Journal. Hoboken Reporter is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. Other weeklies, the River View Observer and El Especialito[169] also cover local news. Several blogs are dedicated to Hoboken coverage, including Hoboken411[170] and the Jersey Journal owned Hoboken Now.[171] hMAG,[172] Hoboken's Lifestyle Magazine, launched in 2009 and showcases all things Hoboken. The campus newspaper at Stevens Institute of Technology, The Stute, has also covered Hoboken news.
The production company for the 2009 film Assassination of a High School President is based in Hoboken.[173]
Appearances in media
- Elia Kazan's 1954 film On the Waterfront was shot in Hoboken.[174]
- Hoboken is home to Carlo's Bake Shop, which is featured in the TLC reality show, Cake Boss. The popularity of the show has resulted in increased business for Carlo's Bake Shop, and increased tourism to the Hoboken area, resulting in both positive and negative reaction from local residents and businesses.[175]
- The fourth season of A&E's Parking Wars, which documents the lives and duties of parking enforcement personnel, was filmed in Hoboken, in addition to its usual venues of Detroit and Philadelphia.[176]
- The short-lived 1995 ABC sitcom Hudson Street, starring Tony Danza and Lori Loughlin, was set in Hoboken. Danza played a former Hoboken detective, and Loughlin played a crime reporter for the fictional newspaper The Hoboken Gazette.
- The ABC Primetime magazine, What Would You Do?, has filmed multiple episodes of their social experiments in Hoboken's shops and restaurants.[177][178]
- Hoboken appears as the city of residence of the main character in the 2012 video game Max Payne 3.[179]
- The fictional Convent of the Little Sisters of Hoboken is the setting for the musical, Nunsense.[180]
- In the 1950 Bugs Bunny cartoon 8 Ball Bunny, "Playboy" Penguin reveals to Bugs that his home is not Antarctica but Hoboken, causing Bugs to utter one of his most famous lines: "Hoboken???? Ooooh I'm DYING Again!!!"
Notable people
See also
References
- ^ a b Allocca, Sean. "Play ball" The Union City Reporter; March 7, 2010; Page 10
- ^ 2013 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed May 12, 2013.
- ^ City Clerk, City of Joboken. Accessed July 1, 2012.
- ^ a b 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 145.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gazetteer of New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 14, 2013.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Hoboken, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.
- ^ a b c DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Hoboken city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 13. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ a b c Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Hoboken city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers New Jersey's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting", PR Newswire, February 3, 2011
- ^ a b PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 - 2012 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 7, 2013.
- ^ a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ a b Look Up a ZIP Code, United States Postal Service. Accessed November 27, 2011.
- ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Heilprin, Angelo; and Heilprin, Louis. "Hoboken", Lippincott's new gazetteer: a complete pronouncing gazetteer or geographical dictionary of the world, containing the most recent and authentic information respecting the countries, cities, towns, resorts, islands, rivers, mountains, seas, lakes, etc., in every portion of the globe, Part 1, p. 833. J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1916. Accessed November 27, 2011.
- ^ "Lenape Talking Dictionary". Retrieved 2012-05-27.
- ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed August 14, 2012.
- ^ Martin, Antoinette. "Less Luster on the ‘Gold Coast’", The New York Times, October 29, 2010. Accessed September 24, 2012. "In Hoboken the inventory was just over nine months. In Jersey City it had swelled to 17.6 months."
- ^ a b Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 0-88097-763-9.
- ^ "Upper Grand – 800 Madison". Hoboken411. August 6, 2008.
- ^ Baldwin, Carly (February 18, 2009). "Northwest corner of Hoboken to be studied as a redevelopment zone". NJ.com.
- ^ "Hoboken, NJ Weather". Retrieved September 15, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "The Abridged History of Hoboken". Hoboken Museum. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- ^ HM-hist "The Abridged History of Hoboken", Hoboken Museum, Accessed 24-Nov-2006.
- ^ Hoboken Reporter Jan 16, 2005
- ^ NEW JERSEY COLONIAL RECORDS, East Jersey Records: Part 1 - Volume 21 Calendar of Records 1664-1703, USGenWeb Archives. Accessed November 27, 2011.
- ^ "Hoboken Historical Museum Hosts Publication Party for Oral History Chapbook, "A Nice Tavern"" (PDF). Hoboken Historical Museum. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
- ^ Applebome, Peter. "Our Towns; Jitters About Who's in Charge on the Waterfront, in 1917 and Today", The New York Times, March 5, 2006. Accessed July 31, 2013. "And Hoboken, where as early as the 1850's, more than 1,500 of the 7,000 inhabitants were of German origin, was known as Little Bremen, and had an elaborate network of German beer gardens and restaurants, social clubs, newspapers, theaters and schools."
- ^ "History: Steamboats", Stevens Institute of Technology. Accessed April 16, 2012. "Thus, in 1811 the Colonel purchased a commercial ferry license in New York state and operated a horse powered ferry while building a steam ferry, the Juliana. When the Juliana was put into service from Hoboken to New York, the Stevenses inaugurated what is reputed to be the first regular commercially operated steam ferry in the world."
- ^ Jennemann, Tom. "Excavation of Sybil's Cave to begin Tuesday Site was location of natural spring, inspiration for Poe murder mystery", The Hudson Reporter, January 25, 2005. Accessed April 16, 2012. "Roberts said that the benches they will add will hark back to a time when the city's waterfront was a retreat for wealthy New Yorkers. Sybil's Cave was first opened as a day trippers' attraction in 1832, according to an Aug. 9, 1934 story in the Hoboken Dispatch."
- ^ Fahim, Kareem. "‘Open Sesame’ Just Won’t Do: Hoboken Tries to Unlock Its Cave", The New York Times, June 26, 2007. Accessed April 16, 2012. "In 1841, the bloodied body of Mary Cecilia Rogers drifted to shore near the mouth of Sybil’s Cave, and into legend, the subject of a thriller by Edgar Allan Poe."
- ^ Baldwin, Carly (October 21, 2008). "Sybil's Cave reopened -- amid controversy". NJ.com. "Hoboken Mayor Dave Roberts celebrated the re-opening of the historic Sybil's Cave this morning. But, as Hoboken wrestles with a state takeover and residents face a 47 percent tax hike, some say Sybil's Cave is just another example of what they call the mayor's spendthrift ways."
- ^ Colrick, Patricia Florio. Hoboken. p. 6. Arcadia Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-7385-3730-6. Accessed April 16, 2012. "Hoboken was laid out in a grid pattern in 1804, on the Loss Map by the inventor and the owner of much of the land, Colonel John Stevens."
- ^ a b Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 148. Accessed January 31, 2012.
- ^ "Campus History", Stevens Institute of Technology. Accessed April 16, 2012. "The university was founded in 1870 as America's first college of mechanical engineering, with a bequest from Edwin Augustus Stevens."
- ^ Hughes, C. J. "Reviving the Glory of Hoboken Terminal", The New York Times, December 21, 2005. Accessed April 16, 2012. "The Hoboken Terminal, built in 1907, is a two-story Beaux-Arts structure designed by Kenneth Murchison, an architect with the firm of McKim, Mead & White, which designed the original Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan."
- ^ Skontra, Alan. "A History of Hoboken's Immigrants: Dr. Christina Ziegler-McPherson presented her new book at the museum.", HobokenPatch, July 18, 2011. Accessed April 16, 2012. "Hoboken's population started to grow when shipping companies built docks and warehouses along the waterfront, notably the Hamburg America line in 1863. With this development came jobs, which attracted immigrants. The city's population jumped from 2,200 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1870 and 43,000 in 1890.... Ziegler-McPherson said she learned just how much the city was a German enclave at the turn of the 20th century. A quarter of the city's residents had German roots, earning Hoboken the nickname of 'Little Bremen.'"
- ^ Sullivan, Dean (1997). Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825–1908. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-9244-9. OCLC 36258074.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - ^ Nieves, Evelyn (1996-04-03). "Our Towns; In Hoboken, Dreams of Eclipsing the Cooperstown Baseball Legend". The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ [ "The American national game of base ball. Grand match for the championship at the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, N.J."], Library of Congress. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ Staff. "Army put in charge of piers in Hoboken; Waterfront Used by Teuton Lines to be a Government Shipping Base. Mayor Reassures Germans May Live in the District So Long as They Are Orderly;-Strict Rules for Saloons. Army put in charge of piers in Hoboken would use German Ships. Marine Experts Want Them to Carry Food to the Allies.", The New York Times, April 20, 1917. Accessed April 16, 2012. "About a quarter of a mile of Hoboken's writer front is technically under martial law today. Military authority superseded civil authority early yesterday morning along that part of the shore line occupied by the big North German Lloyd and Hamburg American Line piers, and armed sentries kept persons on the opposite side of the street from the pier yards."
- ^ History of Hoboken: Post-Industrial, WNET. Accessed April 16, 2012. "Yet when the United States entered World War I on the side of Britain and France, this all changed. The U.S. government seized control of Hoboken's piers and the German ships docked there. Martial law was declared in sections of the city, and many Germans were sent to Ellis Island. Thousands of Germans left Hoboken, and soon the city became known for its large Italian population."
- ^ Doughboys
- ^ Heaven, Hell or Hoboken: Exhibit, Lecture Series Bring Hoboken’s World War I Experience to Life, Hoboken Historical Museum & Cultural Center, August 27, 2008. Accessed November 27, 2011. "The designation meant national fame for Hoboken – General John J. Pershing’s promise to the troops that they’d be in “Heaven, Hell or Hoboken” by Christmas of 1917 became a national rallying cry for a swift end to the war, which actually dragged on for another year."
- ^ Baldwin, Carly (September 9, 2009). "2009 Hoboken Italian Festival begins tomorrow!". NJ.com. "To bless their local industry, fishermen and sailors of Molfetta would carry the Madonna through the streets of town. Later generations would later emigrate from Molfetta and the surrounding region to Hoboken, where the centuries-old tradition continues."
- ^ "Talk of the Town: Good to the Last Drop". The New Yorker. November 20, 1989. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Martin, Antoinette. "In the Region/New Jersey; Residences Flower in a Once-Seedy Hoboken Area", The New York Times, August 10, 2003. Accessed February 1, 2012. "The area back from the Hudson River, along streets named for presidents -- Adams, Jackson, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe -- was sketchy, Mr. Geibel said, and marked by old warehouses, boarded-up windows, raw sewage coming out of pipes and packs of wild dogs running in the streets."
- ^ "Hoboken, NJ Dock Fire, Jul 1900". Gendisasters. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
- ^ "A History of the Great Hoboken Pier Fire of 1900.", Pier 3, accessed December 29, 2010.
- ^ "The South Waterfront at Hoboken - Real Estate & Development". Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
- ^ http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/20477468/article-Dry-Dock-waterfront-property-for-sale---Four-proposals-related-to-development-concern-local-activist-group-?instance=hoboken_story_left_column
- ^ http://betterwaterfront.org/?page_id=1798
- ^ "Hoboken Fire Department". Hobokenfire.org. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
- ^ a b Good, Philip. "Recalling the Glory Days of The Hudson Dispatch", The New York Times, October 27, 1991. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ Land Development at Selected Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Stations
- ^ "Superstorm Sandy Slams into New Jersey Coast". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 276, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed July 31, 2013. "Hoboken contained a population of 2,668 in 1850; in 1860, 9,659; and in 1870, 20,297. In the city of Hoboken are the celebrated Elysian Fields a place of great resort for the denizens of New York City and other places being opposite to that city and about two miles north of Jersey City. It has extensive establishments for the construction of steamers. Several steam ferries connect it with New York city. The scenery in the vicinity of the Elysian Fields is delightful and it is one of the most pleasant spots that can be conceived for the denizens of a crowded city."
- ^ Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson. The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, p. 139. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 97. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ^ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 337. Accessed July 1, 2012.
- ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 711. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 2, 2009. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Hoboken city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Hoboken city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 24, 2012.
- ^ Wright, E. Assata. "Three deaths raise concerns". The Union City Reporter. July 31, 2001
- ^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Hoboken city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 1, 2012.
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Population and Housing Unit Counts PHC-3-1 United States Summary, Washington, DC, 2004, pp. 105 - 159. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
- ^ Based on the 2000 Census Worker Flow Files, about 53% of the employed residents of Hoboken (13,475 out of 25,306) work in one of the five boroughs of New York City, as opposed to about 15% working within the Hoboken.
- ^ Musat, Stephanie. "Hoboken council majority moves next election from May 2013 to November 2013", The Jersey Journal, July 21, 2011. Accessed July 31, 2013. "By a 5-4 vote, the Hoboken City Council voted to move municipal elections to November.Moving the elections to November means the council’s term, including Mayor Dawn Zimmer’s, will be extended by six months. The change will be in place for 10 years.... The next election will be in November 2013."
- ^ "Peter Cammarano is sworn in as Hoboken's youngest mayor, Councilman Ravi Bhalla is the first Sikh to hold an elected public office in New Jersey". NJ.com/The Jersey Journal. 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- ^ "Criminal Complaint" (PDF). 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- ^ Baldwin, Carly (2009-08-04). "Zimmer's busy day: TV, policy chats, and a race". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Council, City of Hoboken. Accessed July 31, 2013. As of date accessed, all members are listed with June 30 term-end dates, despite the shift to November elections.
- ^ Hack, Charles. "Citing 'personal circumstances,' Carol Marsh says she'll leave Hoboken council next month", The Jersey Journal, September 21, 2012. Accessed July 31, 2013. "In a short but tearful announcement, Hoboken Councilwoman at Large Carol Marsh told the City Council Wednesday night she will be stepping down from office at the Oct. 3 council meeting."
- ^ Staff. "Hoboken Briefs: Appellate court rules Zimmer’s Doyle appointment illegal, offering clearer definition of ‘abstention’", Hudson Journal, July 7, 2013. Accessed July 31, 2013. "The appellate division of the Superior Court of New Jersey on Friday ruled that Jim Doyle, the man Hoboken Mayor Dawn Zimmer chose to fill a vacated seat on the city council last fall but who has yet to attend a meeting, could not legally join the council."
- ^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ 2012 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 59, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ 2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 59, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed January 6, 2013.
- ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
- ^ Biography, Congressman Albio Sires. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Congressman Sires resides in West New York with his wife, Adrienne."
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(help) - ^ Wright, Robert E. (2007). Knowledge for Generations: Wiley and the Global Publishing Industry, 1807–2007. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-75721-7.
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suggested) (help) - ^ 2010 NJ Annual Average Labor Force Estimates by Municipality, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, March 10, 2011, p. 10. Accessed November 27, 2011.
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- ^ Willistein, Paul. "Nunsense' is habit-forming for Longtime Members of Cast", The Morning Call, December 6, 1990. Accessed July 8, 2013. "Accompanying [Kathy Robinson] is Lynn Eldredge, who plays Sister Hubert, second in command at the Little Sisters of Hoboken, N.J., the Nunsense convent forced to raise emergency funds through a hilarious variety show."
Further reading
- Ziegler-McPherson, Christina A. (2011). Immigrants in Hoboken, One-Way Ticket, 1845-1985. Charleston: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-163-5.
External links
- City of Hoboken Official Website
- Historic photos of Hoboken and Hamburg America Line ports
Hoboken, New Jersey travel guide from Wikivoyage