ipchains
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ipchains is a software based firewall for Linux. It is a rewrite of IPv4 firewalling code. ipchains is required to administer the IP packet filters in the Linux kernel. The reason ipchains was written is that the older IPv4 firewall code did not work with IP fragments and didn't allow for specificaton of protocols other than TCP, UDP, and ICMP.
ipchains was used in Linux 2.2 but is now superseded by iptables in Linux 2.4 and above. ipchains is the successor of ipfwadm which was used in Linux 2.0.