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Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Coordinates: 23°59′06″N 79°43′12″E / 23.984944°N 79.719957°E / 23.984944; 79.719957
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This article is about a town in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh. For the village in Nalanda district, Bihar, see Kundalpur, Bihar.

Kundalpur Siddha Kshetra, Kundalgiri
Kundalpur
Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur
Religion
AffiliationJainism
DeityRishabhanatha
FestivalsMahavir Jayanti
Governing bodyShri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
Location
LocationDamoh, Madhya Pradesh
Kundalpur
Kundalpur
Shown within Madhya Pradesh
Geographic coordinates23°59′06″N 79°43′12″E / 23.984944°N 79.719957°E / 23.984944; 79.719957
Architecture
Date established8th century
Completed10th century
Temple(s)63
Website
www.shreebadebaba.com
Part of a series on
Jainism
Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics of Jainism
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Tirth
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Kundalpur is a town located in Damoh district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Located 37 kilometres (23 miles) northeast of the city of Damoh, Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Jains.[1][2][3][4]

Overview

Further information: Bade Baba temple

There is a large statue of Rishabhanatha (also known as "Bade Baba" and "Adinath") on top of the hill in Kundalpur. The statue is in the lotus position and is 15 feet in height on a 3 feet high pedestal.[5] It is flanked on both sides by Parshvanatha images of the same height. In the past it was incorrectly identified as an image of Mahavira.[1] Niraj Jain established that the statue is in fact of Rishabhanatha.[6] This is also the place of salvation of the last Kevali, named Shridhar Kevali.[7]

According to Alexander Cunningham, there were 20 temples on the hill and 30 temples at the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhaman Talao".[1] A temple called Jal Mandir is situated in the middle of this pond. Since then a Samosharana temple was built that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the parinirvana of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A manastambha in the center of the dharmashala was constructed in 1975.

Among all the temples of Kundalpur, the most famous is the "Bade Baba" temple with Rishabhanatha (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. Photographs of the Bade Baba statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars, and posters.

The Indian Jain monk Acharya Vidyasagar was a principal source of inspiration for the construction of the new main temple and some other structures at Kundalpur. He is often referred to as "Chhote Baba" in relation to the Bade Baba image.[8] Construction of a massive new Bade Baba temple began in 1999. The statue of Adinath was transferred to the sanctum of the new structure on 15 January 2006. The new temple is in the classical Nagara style, with some elements of modern Rajasthani architecture.[9]

History

The Bade Baba temple was the oldest temple at Kundalpur, estimated to date from the 6th century CE. It was enclosed within a compound on top of the hill. According to an inscription in the temple,[10] the temple was renovated by the disciples of Bhattaraka Surendrakirti, with assistance from Bundela ruler Chhatrasal.[11] The 4th line of the inscription — which is dated 31 December 1700 CE — identifies the image as Mahavira, and line 8 mentions terms Jina marga and Jina Dharma.[1]

The statue of Bade Baba (Lord Adinath) was transferred to a new temple under construction on 17 January 2006. The transfer was a dramatic event involving a confrontation between the district administration and the Jain community that was peacefully resolved.[12] The transfer is narrated and eulogized in a poetic and lyrical composition "Purudev Stavan" by Aryaka Mridumati Mata and is also described in a book by Suresh Jain Saral.[13] and also in book released in 2018 by MP Chief Minister Chauhan.[14][15] Two times Major Mahamastabhishek of Badebaba was held in 2001 and 2016 guided by Acharya Vidyasagarji Maharaj.[16]

In 2022, a Panchkalyanaka Mahamahotsava was organized from 16 to 23 February. On the final day, a Gajarath Pheri was organized which included 24 rathas circumambulating a 900-meter oval track.[17] It was attended by 284 monks and nuns. A total of 2633 images were consecrated. The function was attended by about 500,000 individuals including the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chouhan, central aviation minister Jyotiraditya Scindia, the former chief minister Kamal Nath, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla and the Union Industries Minister Piyush Goyal. A four-kilometer area around Kundalpur was declared a sacred zone.[18]

The new temple, which is now approaching completion, will be 189 feet tall, making it the tallest temple in the Nagara style.[19] It uses four times the amount the stone in cubic feet than Swaminarayan Akshardham.[20]

Architecture

The old Bade Baba temple was enclosed within a fortified compound 157' by 112' with tall rubble masonry walls. It included smaller shrines and temples. The main garbhagrih of 16' by 15' contained the 12' by 11' Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.[21] The Chhaighria and the Bhagbali Pande temples are also enclosed within a walled compound.

The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.[1][9] The Bade Baba image was incorrectly identified as of Neminatha by Beglar who noted the inscription mounted on wall.[3]

Annual fair

The kundalpur fair takes place in month of march, beginning with yearly gathering of Jains, immediately after Holi and lasts for a fortnight. [22][23]

Location

Nearby cities include Damoh (35 km), Sagar (113 km), Jabalpur (143 km). Nearest railway station is Damoh which is 38 km from Kundalpur bus stand. Nearest airport is Dumna Airport in Jabalpur (150 km).

  • Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
    Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
  • A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
    A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
  • Temple below hill, 19th century.
    Temple below hill, 19th century.
  • Samavasarana temple, 1974 AD
    Samavasarana temple, 1974 AD
  • Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
    Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
  • Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry[24] with native teak trees
    Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry[24] with native teak trees
  • Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
    Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
  • Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple Katni
    Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple Katni
  • Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.
    Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jain temples in Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Alexander Cunningham 1885, pp. 166–7.
  2. ^ von Glasenapp 1925, p. 56.
  3. ^ a b Beglar 1878, p. 30.
  4. ^ Russell 2018, p. 399.
  5. ^ Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613
  6. ^ Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.
  7. ^ Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.
  8. ^ Mishra 2017.
  9. ^ a b Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 125.
  10. ^ Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13
  11. ^ Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914
  12. ^ Garg 2016.
  13. ^ Purudev se Gurudev tak, ek anubhuti, Suresh Jain Saral, Pub. Shri Varni Digambar Jain Gurukul, 2006
  14. ^ "Cow Ministry will be formed in MP: CM", The Hitavada, 1 October 2018
  15. ^ Kundalpur Granthmala, Dr Sudha Malaiya, 2018, Vasudha Publications
  16. ^ Vidhyasagarji in Kundalpur.
  17. ^ "गजरथ फेरी के साथ पंचकल्याणक समारोह का समापन". EMS India (in Hindi). 23 February 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  18. ^ "कुण्डलपुर-बांदकपुर को पवित्र क्षेत्र का दर्जा:CM शिवराज ने कहा- दोनों क्षेत्रों में 4 किमी के दायरे में मांस-मदिरा बेचने पर लगेगा प्रतिबंध". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  19. ^ Singh, Jyoti (6 February 2022). "World's Highest Jain Temple Inaugurated - Iron, Sariya and Cement were not used in its construction". The India Print. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  20. ^ "Over 2 lakh devotees from Delhi-NCR region witness MahaMastkaAbhishek". The Statesman. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  21. ^ Dr. Sudha Malaiya, p. 155
  22. ^ Hunter 1881, p. 30.
  23. ^ Grant 1870, p. 249.
  24. ^ Schildkamp, Martijn; Silvestri, Stefano; Araki, Yoshikazu (2020). "Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide". Frontiers in Built Environment. 6. doi:10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520. ISSN 2297-3362.

Sources

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