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Rosie O'Donnell

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Rosie O'Donnell
File:Tv extreme makeover home edition miss piggy.jpg
O'Donnell at a lesbian fest before a Barbra Streisand concert.
Born
Roseann Theresa O'Donnell
Other namesMiss Piggy
Years active1979 - present
Height5 ft 1 in (155 cm)
WebsiteRosie.com

Roseann Teresa O'Donnell (born March 21, 1962 in Bayside, Queens, New York) is an Emmy-award winning American talk show host, television personality, comedienne, film, television, and stage actress who is known for her provocative statements.

O'Donnell launched her career as a stand-up comic, and after several years of film and television appearances, she became notable for hosting her eponymous talk show, which ran from 1996 to 2002. In 2006, she replaced Meredith Vieira as co-host and moderator of the ABC talk show The View. Her contributions to the discussions on the show have generated widespread media coverage. On April 25 2007, O'Donnell announced she would be leaving The View as a regular host when her one-year contract expires in June 2007, but would return as an occasional correspondent for special themed shows [1].

Early life

O'Donnell was the third of five children born to Edward and Roseann O'Donnell. Four days before her 11th birthday on March 17 1973, O'Donnell's mother died of breast cancer.[1]

In high school, she began exploring her comic interest beginning with a high school skit in which she imitated Gilda Radner’s character Roseanne Rosannadanna.[1]

After graduating, O'Donnell briefly attended Dickinson College, later transferring to Boston University but dropped out to pursue comedy. Rosie toured standup clubs from 1979 to 1984.[2] Her heavy-set appearance and tomboyish, husky Long Island accent stood her apart from other actresses and comediennes. She got her first big break on Star Search, explaining on Larry King Live:[3]

I was 20 years old, and I was at a comedy club in Long Island. This woman came over to me and she said, I think you're funny. Can you give me your number? My dad is Ed McMahon. I was like, yeah, right. I gave her my father's phone number. I was living at home, I'm like, whatever. And about three days later, the talent booker from Star Search called and said, were going to fly you out to L.A. [...] I won, like, five weeks in a row. And it gave me national exposure.

After this success, she moved on to television sitcom comedy, making her series debut as Nell Carter's neighbor on Gimme a Break! in 1986.

In 1988, she transitioned to VH1, where she hosted Stand-up Spotlight, a showcase for up-and-coming comedians. She soon after made her feature film debut in A League Of Their Own.

The Rosie O'Donnell Show

In 1996, she began hosting a daytime talk show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show. The show proved extremely successful, winning multiple Emmy awards, and earning O'Donnell the title of "The Queen of Nice" for her style of light-hearted banter with her guests and interactions with the audience. As part of her playful banter with her studio audience, O'Donnell often flung koosh balls at the crowd and camera.[4]

On the show, O'Donnell frequently highlighted various charitable projects, often boosting awareness and donations to these causes. In 2002, O'Donnell left her talk show. The show was then hosted by comedian Caroline Rhea (the show was renamed The Caroline Rhea Show) and ran for one additional season.

Magazine

In 2000, O'Donnell partnered with the publishers of McCall's to revamp the magazine as Rosie's McCall's (or, more commonly, Rosie). The magazine was launched as a competitor to fellow talk show hostess Oprah Winfrey's monthly magazine. Rosie covered issues including depression, breast cancer, foster care, and other socially relevant matters.

Rosie the magazine folded in 2003. At the time, difficulties in securing advertising at satisfactory rates was given as a reason for the magazine becoming defunct.

In late 2003, O'Donnell entered into a legal battle with the publishers of Rosie magazine. They claimed that the failure of the magazine was due to O'Donnell's uncooperative, rude and violent behavior within the magazine's offices. They claimed that by removing herself from the magazine's publication, she was in breach of contract. O'Donnell claimed that there was no way she could in good conscience continue to be a part of the magazine, because they were moving away from her vision.

The trial received considerable press coverage. O'Donnell would often give brief press interviews outside of the courtroom responding to various allegations. Of note was a former magazine colleague and breast cancer survivor who testified that O'Donnell said to her on the phone that "people who lie die of cancer".[5] Ultimately, the judge ruled against both sides and dismissed the case.

In 2006, O'Donnell responded to a question on the Ask Ro Section of her website in which she stated that she would love to do another magazine. O'Donnell also said she has written a new book, due out this summer. It is to be called Celebrity Detox.

Autobiography

In 2002, O'Donnell also published an autobiography entitled Find Me. In addition to cataloging her childhood and early adulthood, the book delved into O'Donnell's relationship with a woman with Multiple Personality Disorder who posed as an under-aged teen who had become pregnant by rape. The book reached number two on the New York Times bestseller list.

Disclosure of sexual orientation

In her January 31, 2002, appearance on the gay-themed sitcom Will & Grace, she played a lesbian character. Shortly after that appearance, and before the conclusion of her talk show, O'Donnell confirmed speculation about her sexuality when she came out of the closet as a lesbian.

She claimed various reasons for coming out, including the need for publicity and to put a familiar face to homosexuality, but her primary reason was that as a adoptive mother (with a long-time partner) she was infuriated that adoption agencies, particularly in Florida, were refusing adoptive rights to gay and lesbian parents who were otherwise considered fit candidates to adopt a child. She hoped that by coming out, she would increase awareness of this subject.

Image transformation

After leaving her show and coming out, O'Donnell underwent a minor image change. She returned to stand-up comedy, and within her first few shows contradicted the "Queen of Nice" image she had previously cultivated. She made fun of various celebrities, among them Michael Jackson, Liza Minnelli, Diana Ross, Martha Stewart, Oprah Winfrey, Winona Ryder, and Joan Rivers.

O'Donnell told the press that her haircut was meant to mimic the haircut of former Culture Club backup singer Helen Terry.[6] She subsequently attributed the haircut as a way to emulate Boy George, in hopes that he would allow her to produce his stage show Taboo in the United States. O'Donnell subsequently did invest in and produce the show, but it was an expensive failure on Broadway.

Family life

On February 26, 2004, O'Donnell entered legal union with Kelli Carpenter, a former Nickelodeon marketing executive, in San Francisco, some two weeks after mayor Gavin Newsom authorized the granting of marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Her decision to go to San Francisco to marry Carpenter came as a show of defiance against President Bush over his support for the Federal Marriage Amendment. The license was voided by the California Supreme Court.

The couple are parents to adopted children Parker Jaren (born May 25, 1995), Chelsea Belle (born September 20, 1997), and Blake Christopher (born December 5, 1999). Their fourth child, Vivienne Rose (who was conceived through sperm donation) was born November 29, 2002 to Carpenter.

Return to television

The View

During the 2006 Daytime Emmy Awards, Barbara Walters announced that O'Donnell would become a co-host on the talk show The View.

On September 5 2006, she officially replaced Meredith Vieira as the moderator of the show. On the March 6, 2007 episode O'Donnell mentioned Wikipedia, saying that the online encyclopedia is usually accurate, unless you "get there right after a crazy person" who writes "Rosie O'Donnell is from Norway and she eats turtles."

On April 25, 2007, O'Donnell announced she would be leaving the show as a co-host when her contract expires in June because she and the network could not come to terms on the length of a new contract (she wanted one-year, and ABC was insisting on three). She plans to return as an occasional correspondent for themed shows of interest to her.

Charities

Personal contribution

On December 15, 2006 Elizabeth Birch, Executive Director for the Rosie's For All Kids Foundation confirmed that $50 million dollars from her five year contract with the Rosie O'Donnell Show were donated in an irrevocable trust to charity.[citation needed]

"For All Kids" foundation

Since 1997, Rosie's For All Kids Foundation has awarded more than $22 million in Early Childhood Care and Education program grants to over 900 nonprofit organizations that provide opportunities for thousands of America’s kids.[citation needed] Through the Cutie Patootie™ Center capital grants program, 27 early education centers in large cities across the United States have received nearly $8 million to expand their services.[citation needed] On October 30, 2006 The New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children honored Rosie O’Donnell at its 2006 gala for her commitment to protecting endangered children.[7] "It's our privilege to be honoring and hosting Rosie," said NYSPCC president David Stack in a statement. "Her Rosie's for All Kids Foundation has awarded more than $22 million in grants to over 1,400 child-related organizations, and that's just one of her many impressive activities on behalf of children."

On November 1, 2006 ABC-TV Nightline aired a video report[8] about the opening of The Children's Plaza and Family Center in Renaissance Village, a FEMA trailer park in Louisiana. This was an emergency response initiative of Rosie's For All Kids Foundation with the help of many local nonprofit organizations and for-profit businesses, all efforts were to assist the families displaced by Hurricane Katrina.

"Rosie's Broadway Kids"

In 2003 Rosie and Kelli O'Donnell collaborated with Artistic Director Lori Klinger to create this organization, dedicated to providing high quality instruction in music and dance at no cost to New York City public schools or students. Eighty-five percent of students who participate in Rosie's Broadway Kids are from low-income families.[citation needed] Rosie's Broadway Kids serves more than 4,500 teachers, students, and their family members at 21 schools.[citation needed] Currently programs are in Harlem, Midtown West, Chelsea, Lower East Side, East Village, and Chinatown.

Controversies

Gun control controversy

O'Donnell is an outspoken supporter of gun control and a major figure in the Million Mom March. During the April 19, 1999, broadcast of her talk show, she stated, "You are not allowed to own a gun, and if you do own a gun, I think you should go to prison". O'Donnell has since regretted making the remarks and has attempted to reconcile her stance by remarking, "I don't personally own a gun."[citation needed] In 1999, O'Donnell interviewed actor Tom Selleck, who was promoting a film.[9] During the promotional interview, in what some critics perceived as an "ambush", O'Donnell confronted him about his stance on guns and his involvement with the NRA, making it an infamously tense TV moment.[10] According to Selleck, the two had agreed not to discuss the topic prior to his appearance on the show. O'Donnell maintains that Selleck and his publicist had been informed that the topic would be discussed. However, she did subsequently say on her show that the interview did not go as she hoped it would.

Also in May 1999, Bernadette Peters and the rest of the cast from Annie Get Your Gun was to appear for taping and perform the song "Anything You Can Do". O'Donnell insisted that the line "I can shoot a partridge with a single cartridge" be removed from the song. Peters refused, and the cast sang a different song without Peters. Later in 1999, O'Donnell discontinued her contract with Kmart as their spokeswoman. However, Kmart employees had told the New York Daily News that it was Kmart who terminated the agreement with O'Donnell, which both Kmart and O'Donnell denied publicly.[11]

In May of 2000, O'Donnell's bodyguard applied for a concealed firearm permit in Connecticut. At the time, O'Donnell claimed that it was not she who requested the carry permit, but Kroll, the security firm through which he was hired. Numerous parents of children who attended the same school as O'Donnell's children expressed their concern about the possibility of O'Donnell's bodyguard being armed while on school grounds.[12][13]

Accusations of Anti-Catholicism

William A. Donohue, president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, has accused O'Donnell of engaging in anti-Catholic bigotry on The View:

Ever since O’Donnell joined The View in September, the show has gotten out of control. On four occasions between September and the end of December, she has lashed out at the Catholic Church. Ditto for Joy Behar. Their relentless and profoundly ignorant attacks on the Catholic Church and its teachings would never be tolerated by the show’s co-owner, Barbara Walters, if it were Judaism or Islam that was under attack. But when it comes to Catholicism, she gives these two ‘raised’ Catholics all the time they want to vent their adolescent anger.[14]

Donohue's comments were in response to statements by The View panelists Rosie O'Donnell and Joy Behar that criticized the policies and practices of the Catholic Church. The article quotes Behar as saying that people should "follow their heart" in dealing with sexuality and "That is why a lot of the priesthood is so screwed up right now." O’Donnell is quoted as saying "Celibacy is not part of the human condition. It is not normal, right; everyone is a sexual being."

On the April 19, 2007 edition of “The View,” the discussion turned to the Supreme Court’s ruling affirming the partial-birth abortion ban. O’Donnell angrily asked, “You know what concerns me? How many of the Supreme Court judges are Catholic, Barbara?” Barbara Walters responded, “Five.” O’Donnell: “Five. Five are Catholic. Separation of church and state, America.” Donohue claims that “this is O’Donnell’s eighth attack on Catholics."

According to Donohue, O'Donnell's eight attacks (since Septmeber 2006) against Catholicism follow:

  • Stating that there is no difference between radical Christians and radical Muslims
  • Ridiculing the Eucharist (on two separate occasions)
  • Falsely claiming that the Pope was in charge of policing miscreant priests since the 1980s and did nothing about them (on two separate occasions) [when in fact he did not hold such position until 2002]
  • Mocking priestly celibacy
  • Mocking the Catholic teachings on the Bible and the Virgin Birth
  • Complaining about too many Catholics on the high court

Donohue has asked Anne Sweeney, Co-Chair Disney Media Networks and President, Disney-ABC Television Group, to demand that O’Donnell apologize to Catholics[15].

Clay Aiken / Kelly Ripa controversy

On November 20, 2006, O'Donnell commented on Live with Regis and Kelly co-host Kelly Ripa's actions during a taping of her own show. Guest co-host Clay Aiken put his hand over Ripa's mouth, as if to stop her from talking, while she was conducting an interview. Seeing that Ripa didn't appreciate his action, he said, "Oh, I'm in trouble." Ripa responded, "No, I just don't know where that hand's been, honey." Ripa's comment caused O'Donnell to say "to me that was a homophobic remark. If that was a straight man...if that was a guy that she didn't question his sexuality, she would have said a different thing". Within minutes, Ripa was on the phone, responding to O'Donnell's comments by saying it was "cold and flu season" and Aiken had been shaking hands with audience members before the show. Both O'Donnell and Ripa have moved on from the incident and Aiken, who has declined to publicly discuss his sexuality, did not comment.

"Ching-Chong" controversy

On December 5, 2006, O'Donnell made a comment in reference to the publicity a November 29, 2006 appearance on The View by Danny DeVito had garnered. O'Donnell indicated that she was amazed that the controversy had become such a prevailing topic,[16] and joked that it was being talked about as far away as China. "You know, you can imagine in China it's like, 'Ching-chong, ching-chong. Danny DeVito. Ching-chong, ching-chong-chong. Drunk. The View. Ching-chong.'"[17]

The remarks sparked considerable media backlash, as Rosie's comments were interpreted as a "mockery of the Chinese language."[18] The offended groups further noted that O'Donnell is herself indignant against comments that "she has perceived ... as being negative against a particular community,"[19] a reference to her stance against any kind of homophobic taunting or jokes.[20]

O'Donnell's initial response via her publicist was, "She's a comedian in addition to being a talk show co-host. I certainly hope that one day they will be able to grasp her humor."[21]

On December 14, 2006 O'Donnell said on The View, "To anyone who was offended at my Chinese, Asian, pseudo-Japanese, sounded a little Yiddish accent that I was doing, you know, it was never [my] intent to mock, and I'm sorry for those who felt hurt or were teased on the playground." However, she followed up on that apology by saying, "But I'm also gonna give you a fair warning that there's a good chance I'll do something like that again, probably in the next week — not on purpose. Only 'cause it's how my brain works.""[22][23] The groups who had spoken out against O'Donnell's comments on December 5 were not satisfied with O'Donnell's response.[24]

On February 24, 2007, O'Donnell wrote a more comprehensive apology on her blog[25] with respect to this incident as a reply to the featured YouTube video "an open letter to all the rosie o'donnells" by Beau Sia.[26]

In response to her comments, Jin a Chinese-American rapper made a diss song towards Rosie called "You're Fired".[27]

Donald Trump controversy

On December 20, 2006, O'Donnell criticized billionaire Donald Trump on The View a day after he appeared before reporters with Miss USA, Tara Conner, to announce sympathetically that "everyone deserves a second chance" and that he would allow her to continue acting as Miss USA, despite her violation of pageant guidelines by partying and drinking.[28] It was O'Donnell's contention that, due to his multiple marriages and apparent infidelities, he was not suitable as the moral authority for young people in America.

In response to O'Donnell's comments, Trump began a media blitz that included The Insider, Access Hollywood, Extra, Larry King Live, Anderson Cooper 360, The O'Reilly Factor, WWE programming (RAW, SmackDown! and ECW) and Jimmy Kimmel Live in which he repeatedly called her several unflattering names.

2007 Iranian seizure of British Royal Navy personnel

On the March 26, 2007 edition of The View, O'Donnell discussed the Iranian seizure of British Royal Navy personnel. She implied that the incident may be a hoax to provoke a war with Iran, stating:[29]

There were 15 British sailors and marines who apparently went in to Iranian waters and they were seized by the Iranians. And I have one thing to say. Gulf of Tonkin. Google it.

The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was an allegation of North Vietnamese aggression on U.S. warships that led the administration of Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson to escalate U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam Conflict. It was later revealed that President Johnson was unsure the event occurred.

The United States and the United Kingdom say they were not in Iranian waters, as does France. Co-host and veteran journalist Barbara Walters had no comment at the time.[30]

O'Donnell's comments led to rebukes from individuals such as Bill O'Reilly and Donald Trump. On the O'Reilly Factor, Bill O'Reilly recently showed an interview he had with a father-in-law of a U.S soldier who was recently killed in Iraq from the Radio Factor. The caller shared his outrage with Rosie's recent comments, saying that his son-in-law died for love of his country, not for a corrupt, conspiracy-led government.[31]

She reiterated her beliefs on March 28, 2007, stating on her weblog that the British had intentionally sent forces into Iranian waters, triggering the hostage crisis as part of a false flag operation intended to precipitate the invasion of Iran, writing:[32]

The British did it on purpose. (They went) into Iranian waters as the U.S. military builds up on the Iranian border. We will be in Iran before summer as planned.

Conspiracy theories

On the same airdate as her remarks about the captured British troops, O'Donnell said that 7 World Trade Center had been imploded, in line with 9/11 conspiracy theories. "It is impossible for a building to fall the way it fell without explosives being involved,"[33][34] When asked by a co-presenter who she thought was responsible, she commented that she had no idea, but argued in a blog entry that the building was blown up to destroy evidence of the corporate financial scandals at Enron and WorldCom.[34] O'Donnell said:[35]

I do believe that it's the first time in history that fire has ever melted steel. I do believe that it defies physics that World Trade Center tower 7—building 7, which collapsed in on itself—it is impossible for a building to fall the way it fell without explosives being involved. World Trade Center 7. World Trade Center 1 and 2 got hit by planes — 7, miraculously, the first time in history, steel was melted by fire. It is physically impossible. To say that we don’t know that it imploded, that it was an implosion and a demolition, is beyond ignorant. Look at the films, get a physics expert here [on the show] from Yale, from Harvard, pick the school—[the collapse] defies reason.

Her comments were cheered by some of the studio audience. Talk show host Bill O'Reilly implied that "ABC should do something" about Rosie from The View for making the comments,[36][37]but stopped short of calling for her firing. O'Donnell responded to O'Reilly's criticism on her blog, claiming that "...he edited my statements to make it seem as he wanted".[38]. O'Reilly's stance was that O'Donnell was irresponsible and that ABC should do something to either stop her from making what he deems outrageous remarks or provide someone else on the show with a strong counter-viewpoint such as Ann Coulter.

On April 2 and 3, 2007 former Congressman Joe Scarborough on his MSNBC show Scarborough Country explicitly called for ABC to fire O'Donnell.[39][40]

On March 30, 2007 Popular Mechanics magazine posted a point-by-point response to O'Donnell's claims on its website, which included a scientific correction to O'Donnell's statement about steel and fire: Tower 7 housed the city's emergency command center, so there were a number of fuel tanks located throughout the building—including two 6000-gallon tanks in the basement that fed some generators in the building by pressurized lines. The working hypothesis is that this pressurized line was supplying fuel to the fire for a long period of time. Steel melts at about 2,750 degrees Fahrenheit—but it loses strength at temperatures as low as 400 F. When temperatures break 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, steel loses nearly 50 percent of its strength. It is unknown what temperatures were reached inside WTC7, but fires in the building raged for seven hours before the collapse.[41]

O'Donnell responded to the Popular Mechanics article on her blog, stating, "read the whole thing i still believe explosives were used to bring down wtc7".[42]

Works

Television

Theatre

Filmography

Award ceremonies

Autobiography

Awards

Daytime Emmy Awards

  • 1997 Outstanding Talk/Service Show Host, Rosie O'Donnell

Emmy Awards

  • 1999 Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special, 52nd Annual Tony Awards

References

  1. ^ a b Rosie O'Donnell Biography, Biography.com
  2. ^ Rosie O'Donnell profile, E! Online
  3. ^ "Highlights of Interviews With Rosie O'Donnell", CNN Larry King Weekend, March 16, 2002
  4. ^ "Balls & Spheres", TV Acres
  5. ^ Cancer survivor: Rosie O'Donnell told her liars 'get cancer'
  6. ^ http://hollywood.outsidethebeltway.com/category/notables/rosie-odonnell/
  7. ^ http://www.yourlifemagazine.com/town.html
  8. ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=2622927
  9. ^ http://www.nrawinningteam.com/norosie.html
  10. ^ Transcript: Tom Selleck Visits "The Rosie O'Donnell Show", NRAWinningTeam.com
  11. ^ New York Daily News, November 19, 1999 "Rosie Sticks to Her Guns By Unloading Kmart Gig" by Mitchell Fink
  12. ^ The Stamford Advocate, May 25, 2000, "Rosie’s Bodyguard Applies for Gun Permit" by J.A. Johnson Jr. http://www.network54.com/Forum/33620/message/959280480/Rosie+O'Donnell's+Bodyguard+Applies+for+Gun+Permit
  13. ^ http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=15370
  14. ^ http://www.catholicleague.org/07press_releases/quarter_1/070207_barbarawalters.htm
  15. ^ http://www.catholicleague.org/07press_releases/quarter_2/070419_reign_in_rosie.htm Catholic League's article, "Disney/ABC Needs To Rein Rosie In"
  16. ^ http://youtube.com/watch?v=UnSuZz3gWuE
  17. ^ Serpe, Gina (2006-12-14). "Rosie Really Sorry for "Ching-Chong" Crack". E! News. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
  18. ^ http://www.aaja.org/news/mediawatch/2006_12_08_01/
  19. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,235842,00.html
  20. ^ Chung, L.A. , `Ching-chong' joke spreads ignorance, The Mercury News 2006-12-06, retrieved on 2007-01-20
  21. ^ http://www.nypost.com/seven/12092006/gossip/pagesix/rosie_to_asians__loosen_up_pagesix_.htm
  22. ^ Carlson, Erin. "Group not satisfied with Rosie's apology". Associated Press.
  23. ^ http://hotair.com/archives/2006/12/14/video-rosie-apologizes-for-ching-chong/
  24. ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=2727198&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312
  25. ^ http://www.rosie.com/blog/2007/02/24/beau-sia/
  26. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJCkHu3trKc
  27. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8J4MehKRi4
  28. ^ Dagostino, Mark (2006-12-20). "Rosie Slams Trump, The Donald Fires Back". People Magazine. Retrieved 2007-02-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,262669,00.html "Should Rosie Be Fired From 'The View'?" The O'Reilly Factor (transcript), March 30, 2007.
  30. ^ http://newsbusters.org/node/11646
  31. ^ http://extratv.warnerbros.com/2007/03/rosie_enters_new_feud_this_tim.html Rosie Enters New Feud, This Time with Bill O'Reilly, ExtraTV, March 30, 2007
  32. ^ http://www.rosie.com/blog/2007/03/28/britis-hostages/
  33. ^ Tokyo Rosie, Editorial, Investor's Business Daily, Mar 30, 2007
  34. ^ a b Really, really Rosie, Glenn Garvin, The Miami Herald, Mar. 31, 2007
  35. ^ Rosie O'Donnell 9/11 Conspiracy Comments: Popular Mechanics Responds, Popular Mechanics, March 30, 2007
  36. ^ Should Rosie Be Fired From 'The View'? Foxnews, March 30, 2007
  37. ^ O'Reilly to ABC: Fire "Nutty" Rosie!, TMZ.com, Mar 30th 2007
  38. ^ http://www.rosie.com/blog/2007/04/01/parsons/
  39. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17928872/ April 2, 2007 Scarborough Country Transcript
  40. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17948858/ April 3, 2007 Scarborough Country Transcript
  41. ^ http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/911myths/4213805.html
  42. ^ http://www.rosie.com/blog/2007/03/31/ask-ro/

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