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{{Short description|Early line of personal computers}}
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{{More citations needed|date=January 2013}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-700.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-700 (MZ-721)]]
⚫
[[File:Sharp LH0080A.jpg|thumb|CPU Sharp LH0080A (Z80A compatible)]]
⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-80K computer.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-80K]]
⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-80B.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-80B]]


The '''Sharp MZ''' is a series of personal computers sold in Japan and Europe (particularly Germany and Great Britain) by [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] beginning in 1978.
The '''Sharp MZ''' is a series of [[personal computers]] sold in Japan and Europe (particularly Germany and Great Britain) by [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] beginning in 1978.


== History ==
== History ==
⚫
[[File:Sharp LH0080A.jpg|thumb|CPU Sharp LH0080A (Z80A compatible)]]
Although commonly believed to stand for "Microcomputer [[Z80]]", the term MZ actually has its roots in the MZ-40K, a home computer kit produced by Sharp in 1978 which was based on Fujitsu's 4-bit MB8843 processor and provided a simple hexadecimal keypad for input. This was soon followed by the MZ-80K,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sharpmz.no/articles/the-mz-series/mz-80/mz-80k-history/|title = MZ-80K History – Sharp MZ}}</ref> K2, C, and K2E, all of which were based on 8-bit LH0080A Sharp CPU (compatible to Zilog Z80A) with an alphanumeric keyboard.
Although commonly believed to stand for "Microcomputer [[Zilog Z80|Z80]]", the term MZ actually has its roots in the MZ-40K, a home computer kit produced by Sharp in 1978 which was based on [[Fujitsu]]'s 4-bit MB8843 processor and provided a simple [[hexadecimal]] [[keypad]] for input. This was soon followed by the {{ill|MZ-80K|jp|MZ-80#MZ-80K}},<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hawes |first1=Maurice |title=A Brief History of the MZ-80K |url=https://original.sharpmz.org/mz-80k/mz80khist.htm |website=Sharp MZ.org |date=September 16, 2002}}</ref> K2, C, and K2E, all of which were based on [[8-bit]] LH0080A Sharp CPU (compatible to Zilog Z80A) with an alphanumeric keyboard.


From the first [[Z80]] processor-based model to the MZ-2200 in 1983, the MZ computers included the PC, [[computer display|monitor]], keyboard, and tape-based recorder in a single unit, similar to Commodore's [[Commodore PET|PET]] series. It was also notable for not including a [[programming language]] or [[operating system]] in [[Read-only memory|ROM]]. This invited a host of third-party companies, starting with [[Hudson Soft]], to produce many languages and OSes for the system. In an era when [[floppy disk]] drives were too expensive for most home users, the MZ's built-in [[cassette tape]] drive was faster and more reliable than the cassette storage on some competing computers;<ref>{{cite web
From the first Z80 processor-based model to the {{ill|MZ-2200|jp|MZ-2200}} in 1983, the MZ computers included the PC, [[computer monitor|monitor]], keyboard, and tape-based recorder in a single unit, similar to Commodore's [[Commodore PET|PET]] series. It was also notable for not including a [[programming language]] or [[operating system]] in [[Read-only memory|ROM]]. This invited a host of third-party companies, starting with [[Hudson Soft]], to produce many languages and OSes for the system. In an era when [[floppy disk]] drives were too expensive for most home users, the MZ's built-in [[cassette tape]] drive was faster and more reliable than the cassette storage on some competing computers;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mau |first1=Karl-Heinz |title=Technical data of the MZ-80K |url=https://original.sharpmz.org/mz-80k/mztdata.htm |website=Sharp MZ.org |date=August 26, 2002}}</ref> however, this meant that the MZ series was relatively slow to adopt floppy drives as a standard accessory.
|url=https://www.sharpmz.no/articles/the-mz-series/mz-80/mz-80k-technical-data/
|title=Technical data of the MZ-80K
|website=Sharp MZ
|access-date=2020-02-27
|quote=Data transfer speed 1200 bits/sec.}}</ref>
however, this meant that the MZ series was relatively slow to adopt floppy drives as a standard accessory.


In 1983, after the most popular [[home computer|home computers]] appeared in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], the Sharp MZ-700 was briefly the 10th best selling machine out of 20 considered, beating the [[Apple IIe]], [[Atari 800]] and [[Texas Instruments TI-99/4A|TI-99/4A]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/03/charted_1983_home_computer_sales_in_uk/|title = MEGAGRAPH: 1983's UK home computer chart toppers}}</ref>
In 1983, after the most popular [[home computer]]s appeared in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], the Sharp MZ-700 was briefly the 10th best selling machine out of 20 considered, beating the [[Apple IIe]], [[Atari 800]] and [[TI-99/4A]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Tony |title=MEGAGRAPH: 1983's UK home computer chart toppers |url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/01/03/charted_1983_home_computer_sales_in_uk/ |website=The Register |date=3 January 2013}}</ref>


In May 2012, Sharp's Japanese [[Twitter]] account announced that they had found a copy of an MZ manual in a warehouse, and were hoping to [[digitization|digitize]] it in the future.<ref name="twitter 2022-05"/> On 21 December 2012, Sharp's Japanese Twitter account announced<ref name="togetter"/><ref name="twitter 2022-12 System Program"/><ref name="twitter 2022-12 BASIC"/> that they had published digital copies of manuals for the MZ-80 on their official website.<ref name="MZ-80K System Program"/><ref name="MZ-80K BASIC"/> It was promoted as a "Christmas present" to fans.<ref name="ITmedia"/>
On 21 December 2012, SHARP published [[PDF]] files of manuals for the MZ-80 on their official [[Twitter]] page.<ref name="PDF201200"/><ref name="pdf201201"/> It was promoted as a "Christmas present" to fans.<ref name="pdf201202"/> As of 27 December 2012 the manuals had been downloaded over 1,864,525 times.<ref name="pdf201203"/> By 28 December 2012, both of the manual [[PDF]]'s had been downloaded 3,804,756 times.<ref name="pdf201206"/> Tweets of appreciation were received and many praised the release as a wise decision.<ref name="PDF201200" />

This Project Started [[Takafumi Horie]] tweeted by 15 May 2012 17:51 for SHARP GALAPAGOS together.{{clarify|date=December 2013}}<ref name="pdf201204"/>

Sharp's Twitter account said "''Manual of MZ-80 ... Nostalgia for those who know those days ... What is that? I hope that those who say that will also take a look and feel the enthusiasm of those days together.''".{{clarify|date=December 2013}}<ref name="pdf201205"/>


== Products ==
== Products ==

The MZ series is divided into several lines, including the text-based MZ-80K series, the graphics-based MZ-80B series, and the MZ-3500/5500 series, based on a completely different architecture.
The MZ series is divided into several lines, including the text-based MZ-80K series, the graphics-based MZ-80B series, and the MZ-3500/5500 series, based on a completely different architecture.


In 1982, Sharp's television division released the [[Sharp X1|X1]], a completely new computer. The X series proved to outsell Sharp's own MZ series, and in response, Sharp released the MZ-1500/2500 machines, which featured powered-up graphics and sound capabilities. However, this series saw little marketplace success, and eventually the company abandoned the line in favor of the [[X68000]] series.
In 1982, Sharp's television division released the [[Sharp X1|X1]], a completely new computer. The X series proved to outsell Sharp's own MZ series, and in response, Sharp released the MZ-1500/2500 machines, which featured powered-up graphics and sound capabilities. However, this series saw little marketplace success, and eventually the company abandoned the line in favor of the [[X68000]] series.


The MZ name lives on as the initials of two of Sharp's most well-known products: the Mebius line of PCs, and the [[Zaurus]] line of [[personal digital assistant]]s.
The MZ name lives on as the initials of two of Sharp's most well-known products: the Mebius line of PCs, and the [[Sharp Zaurus|Zaurus]] line of [[personal digital assistant]]s.


=== MZ-80K group ===
=== MZ-80K group ===
⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-80K computer.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-80K]]

⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-700 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-700 (MZ-721)]]
⚫
The Sharp MZ-80K was one of the popular early consumer-level microcomputers, with an architecture based on the [[Zilog Z80]] 8-bit microprocessor. It was introduced into Europe in 1979. The machine had 48KB of RAM, 32KB of which was available for user programs (the actual figure was dependent on the memory configuration and the system languages being used). It could run a variety of high-level languages including [[BASIC]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] and [[FORTRAN]], which had to be loaded into RAM before any programming could be undertaken. It could also be programmed directly in assembly code or machine code. The machine had an inbuilt monochrome display and a cassette tape drive. The display, keyboard and cassette drive lifted on hinges to expose the motherboard and circuitry underneath. Graphics capability was primitive, with only preset shapes and icons being available and no native hi-res capability. This was not unusual for a late-1970s vintage microcomputer. The main drawback, however, of the MZ-80K was the non-standard keyboard, which was difficult to use.
[[File:Sharp MZ-821.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-800 (MZ821)]]
[[File:MZ-1500.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-1500]]
⚫
The Sharp MZ-80K was one of the popular early consumer-level microcomputers, with an architecture based on the [[Zilog Z80]] 8-bit microprocessor. It was introduced into Europe in 1979. The machine had 48[[kilobyte|KB]] of [[random-access memory|RAM]], 32KB of which was available for user programs (the actual figure was dependent on the memory configuration and the system languages being used). It could run a variety of [[high-level language|high-level languages]] including [[BASIC]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] and [[Fortran|FORTRAN]], which had to be loaded into RAM before any programming could be undertaken. It could also be programmed directly in [[assembly language|assembly code]] or [[machine code]]. The machine had an inbuilt monochrome display and a cassette [[tape drive]]. The display, keyboard and cassette drive lifted on hinges to expose the [[motherboard]] and circuitry underneath. Graphics capability was primitive, with only [[semigraphics|preset shapes]] and [[icon (computing)|icons]] being available and no native hi-res capability. This was not unusual for a late-1970s vintage [[microcomputer]]. The main drawback, however, of the MZ-80K was the non-standard keyboard, which was difficult to use.


The MZ-80K sold well in Europe despite its high price (it retailed at over £500 in 1980), and a large range of software was available, including some Japanese arcade games. It was superseded in 1982 by the MZ-80A machine.
The MZ-80K sold well in Europe despite its high price (it retailed at over £500 in 1980), and a large range of software was available, including some Japanese arcade games. It was superseded in 1982 by the MZ-80A machine.
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** MZ-80K2: The assembled version of the 80K.
** MZ-80K2: The assembled version of the 80K.
** MZ-80K2E: A low-price version of the 80K2.
** MZ-80K2E: A low-price version of the 80K2.
** MZ-80A (1982)/MZ-1200: An upgraded version of the 80K with improved keyboard, more [[VRAM]] and a green-screen VDU.
** MZ-80A (1982)/MZ-1200: An upgraded version of the 80K with improved keyboard, more [[Video random access memory|VRAM]] and a green-screen [[computer monitor|VDU]].
* MZ-700 series (MZ-80K machines with color graphics)
* MZ-700 series (MZ-80K machines with color graphics)
** MZ-700 (1982): The first MZ without a built-in monitor; an optional data recorder and plotter could also be installed to the machine. More-or-less fully compatible with the MZ-80K.
** MZ-700 (1982): The first MZ without a built-in monitor; an optional data recorder and [[plotter]] could also be installed to the machine. More-or-less fully compatible with the MZ-80K.
** MZ-1500 (1984): Available in Japan only. Features 320×200-pixel graphics and built-in sound capability using a Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip. The tape recorder has been replaced with a floppy drive that reads 2.8-inch [[Quick Disk]]s.
** MZ-800 (1983): The first MZ with a 640×200-pixel graphics mode, a [[Texas Instruments SN76489]] sound chip and a [[Quick Disk]] drive.
** MZ-1500 (1984): Available in Japan only. Features 320×200-[[pixel]] graphics and built-in sound capability using a [[Texas Instruments]] SN76489 sound chip. The tape recorder has been replaced with a floppy drive that reads 2.8-inch [[Quick Disk]]s.
** MZ-800 (1985): The first MZ with a 640×200-pixel graphics mode, a [[Texas Instruments SN76489]] sound chip and a [[Quick Disk]] drive.


=== MZ-80B group ===
=== MZ-80B group ===
⚫
[[File:Sharp MZ-80B.jpg|thumb|Sharp MZ-80B]]


This offshoot of the MZ-80K line was primarily marketed for business use.
This offshoot of the MZ-80K line was primarily marketed for business use.
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** MZ-80B (1981): 320×200-pixel graphics. (Extra VRAM optional)
** MZ-80B (1981): 320×200-pixel graphics. (Extra VRAM optional)
** MZ-80B2: An 80B with extra VRAM installed. Sold alongside the MZ-2000 for most of the lineup's lifetime.
** MZ-80B2: An 80B with extra VRAM installed. Sold alongside the MZ-2000 for most of the lineup's lifetime.
** MZ-2000 (1982): 640×200-pixel monochrome monitor built-in; color optional. [[BASIC]]-level compatible with the MZ-80B.
** MZ-2000 (1982): 640×200-pixel [[monochrome monitor]] built-in; color optional. [[BASIC]]-level compatible with the MZ-80B.
** MZ-2200 (1983): The only monitorless, standalone unit in the series.
** MZ-2200 (1983): The only monitorless, standalone unit in the series.
* [[MZ-2500|MZ-2500 (SuperMZ) series]]: Launched in 1985, the computers in this series all used a Z80B processor running at 6&nbsp;MHz. They included a data recorder and at least one 3.5 internal floppy disk drive, as well as a [[Yamaha YM2203|YM2203]] sound chip, hardware scrolling, and a palette of 256 colors (upgradable to 4096). This makes them among the most powerful 8-bit machines ever released for home use. Some models are also compatible with the MZ-80B and MZ-2000.
* [[MZ-2500|MZ-2500 (SuperMZ) series]]: Launched in 1985, the computers in this series all used a Z80B processor running at 6&nbsp;[[megahertz|MHz]]. They included a data recorder and at least one 3.5 internal floppy disk drive, as well as a [[Yamaha YM2203|YM2203]] sound chip, hardware scrolling, and a palette of [[8-bit color|256 colors]] (upgradable to [[Color_depth#12-bit_color|4096]]). This makes them among the most powerful 8-bit machines ever released for home use. Some models are also compatible with the MZ-80B and MZ-2000.
** MZ-2511
** MZ-2511
** MZ-2520: The 2511 without a data recorder and the MZ-80B/2000 compatibility modes.
** MZ-2520: The 2511 without a data recorder and the MZ-80B/2000 compatibility modes.
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** MZ-2531(MZ-2500V2) (1986)
** MZ-2531(MZ-2500V2) (1986)
* MZ-2800 series
* MZ-2800 series
** MZ-2861 (1987): A hybrid 16-bit machine running on an Intel [[80286]] and a Z80 for MZ-2500 compatibility. It could run [[MS-DOS]] in 16-bit mode, as well as a [[PC98]] [[emulator]].
** {{ill|MZ-2861|jp|MZ-2861}} (1987): A hybrid [[16-bit computing|16-bit]] machine running on an Intel [[Intel 80286|80286]] and a Z80 for MZ-2500 compatibility. It could run [[MS-DOS]] in 16-bit mode, as well as a [[PC98]] [[emulator]].


=== MZ-3500/5500/6500 group ===
=== MZ-3500/5500/6500 group ===
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A line of business PCs shoehorned into the MZ lineup. All of them feature 5.25-inch floppy disk drives.
A line of business PCs shoehorned into the MZ lineup. All of them feature 5.25-inch floppy disk drives.
* MZ-3500 series (1982): Runs on two Z80A processors.
* MZ-3500 series (1982): Runs on two Z80A processors.
** MZ-3541: FDOS and EOS (CP/M compatible)
** MZ-3541: FDOS and EOS ([[CP/M]] compatible)
* MZ-5500 series (1983): An [[MS-DOS]]-based machine running on an Intel [[Intel 8086|8086]] processor.
* MZ-5500 series (1983): An [[MS-DOS]]-based machine running on an Intel [[Intel 8086|8086]] processor.
* MZ-6500 series (1984): A high-speed version of the MZ-5500 marketed as a [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] workstation.
* MZ-6500 series (1984): A high-speed version of the MZ-5500 marketed as a [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] [[workstation]].
** MZ-6500
** MZ-6500
** MZ-6550: A vertically mounted machine with an [[80286]] processor and a 3.5-inch floppy drive.
** MZ-6550: A vertically mounted machine with an [[Intel 80286|80286]] processor and a [[Floppy_disk#3.5-inch_floppy_disk|3.5-inch floppy]] drive.


=== Other ===
=== Other ===
⚫
* MZ-100: notebook / laptop with Intel [[Intel 8088|8088]] processor and two 720KB DS/DD 3.5" [[floppy disk drive]]s.

⚫
* MZ-8000 series: A line of [[IBM Personal Computer AT|PC/AT]]-compatible machines running on 80286 and [[i386|80386]] processors.
⚫
* MZ-100: notebook / laptop with Intel [[8088]] processor and two 720KB DS/DD 3.5" [[floppy disk drive]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?threads/sharp-mz-100-will-not-boot.33237/|title = Sharp MZ-100 - Will not boot}}</ref>
⚫
* MZ-8000 series: A line of [[PC/AT]]-compatible machines running on 80286 and [[80386]] processors.


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Sharp X1]]
* [[Sharp X1]]
* [[Sharp MZ character set]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="MZ-80K System Program">{{cite book |title=MZ-80K System Program |publisher=Sharp Corporation |url=http://sharpgalapagos.jp/doc/MZ-80_SERIES_SYSTEM_PROGRAM.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201074856/http://sharpgalapagos.jp/doc/MZ-80_SERIES_SYSTEM_PROGRAM.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2013 |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="PDF201200">{{ cite web | author = lkj777 |author2=SHARP Corporation |display-authors=etal | date = 2012-12-24 | url = http://togetter.com/li/428034 | title = Sharp からのクリスマスプレゼント(Christmas present from Sharp) | accessdate =2012-12-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201201">{{ cite web | author = twitter SHARP GALAPAGOS【公式】 | author2=SHARP Corporation | date = 2012-05-22 | url = https://twitter.com/sharpgalapagos/status/204899754910556161 | title = MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが...(...Our product is MZ manual digitization progress) | accessdate =2012-12-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="MZ-80K BASIC">{{cite book |title=MZ-80 Series BASIC |publisher=Sharp Corporation |url=http://sharpgalapagos.jp/doc/MZ-80_SERIES_BASIC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201074701/http://sharpgalapagos.jp/doc/MZ-80_SERIES_BASIC.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2013 |language=ja}}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201202">{{ cite web | author = ITmedia News | author2=ITmedia Inc. | url = http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/1212/25/news130.html | title = 「BASICの海へ」──「MZ-80」伝説のマニュアル、シャープが公開 Twitterがきっかけ | accessdate =2012-12-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="togetter">{{cite web |date=2012-12-24 |url=http://togetter.com/li/428034 | title=Sharp からのクリスマスプレゼント |trans-title=Christmas present from Sharp | language=ja | accessdate=2012-12-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="twitter 2022-05">{{Cite tweet |author=ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ |trans-author=Sharp Products/Net Services |user=SHARP_ProductS |number=204899754910556161 |date=2012-05-22 |language=ja |link=https://twitter.com/sharpgalapagos/status/204899754910556161 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414110429/https://twitter.com/SHARP_ProductS/status/204899754910556161 |archive-date=2016-04-14 |title=MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが… |quote=MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが、元MZ企画者から始まり、広島にいる元企画者、知的財産部等‥を順にご紹介頂き、なんとか、保管していそうな倉庫を探査頂く事になりました。今頃意味不明なお願に快く動いてくれる各担当者に感謝！。さてさて、裁断可能なのか？権利関係は？まだまだ道は遠い様です。}}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201203">{{ cite web | author = twitter SHARP GALAPAGOS【公式】 | author2=SHARP Corporation | date = 2012-12-27 | url = https://twitter.com/SharpGalapagos/status/284106489361207296 | title = 【感謝！】(Thanks!) | accessdate =2012-12-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201206">{{ cite web | author = twitter SHARP_JP | author2=SHARP Corporation | date = 2012-12-21 | url = https://twitter.com/SharpGalapagos/status/285024408731516928 | title = 【追懐2012/12⑮】(Remember 2012/12(15)) | accessdate =2013-01-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="twitter 2022-12 System Program">{{Cite tweet |author=ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ |trans-author=Sharp Products/Net Services |user=SHARP_ProductS |number=282047905345441792 |date=2012-12-21 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514160247/https://twitter.com/SHARP_ProductS/status/282047905345441792 |archive-date=2016-05-14 |title=MZ-80マニュアル電子化① |trans-title=MZ-80 Manual digitization ①}}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201204">{{ cite web | author = twitter SHARP GALAPAGOS【公式】 | author2=SHARP Corporation | date = 2012-12-29 | url = https://twitter.com/SharpGalapagos/status/284895951037009920 | title = 【追懐2012/5②】(Remember 2012/5(2)) | accessdate =2012-12-29 }}</ref>
<ref name="twitter 2022-12 BASIC">{{Cite tweet |author=ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ |trans-author=Sharp Products/Net Services |user=SHARP_ProductS |number=282048509438464000 |date=2012-12-21 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516020737/https://twitter.com/SHARP_ProductS/status/282048509438464000 |archive-date=2016-05-16 |title=MZ-80マニュアル電子化② |trans-title=MZ-80 Manual digitization ②}}</ref>
<ref name="pdf201205">{{ cite web | author = twitter SHARP_JP | author2=SHARP Corporation | date = 2012-12-21 | url = https://twitter.com/SHARP_JP/status/282113591669313536 | title = MZ-80の取説(Reference of MZ-80 2012/5(2)) | accessdate =2012-12-29 }}</ref>
<ref name="ITmedia">{{cite web |title=「BASICの海へ」──「MZ-80」伝説のマニュアル、シャープが公開 Twitterがきっかけ |url=https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/1212/25/news130.html |website=ITmedia NEWS |publisher=ITmedia |language=ja |date=2012-12-25 |accessdate=2012-12-28}}</ref>
}}
}}


Latest revision as of 15:40, 19 April 2024

The Sharp MZ is a series of personal computers sold in Japan and Europe (particularly Germany and Great Britain) by Sharp beginning in 1978.

History

[edit]
CPU Sharp LH0080A (Z80A compatible)

Although commonly believed to stand for "Microcomputer Z80", the term MZ actually has its roots in the MZ-40K, a home computer kit produced by Sharp in 1978 which was based on Fujitsu's 4-bit MB8843 processor and provided a simple hexadecimal keypad for input. This was soon followed by the MZ-80K [jp],[1] K2, C, and K2E, all of which were based on 8-bit LH0080A Sharp CPU (compatible to Zilog Z80A) with an alphanumeric keyboard.

From the first Z80 processor-based model to the MZ-2200 [jp] in 1983, the MZ computers included the PC, monitor, keyboard, and tape-based recorder in a single unit, similar to Commodore's PET series. It was also notable for not including a programming language or operating system in ROM. This invited a host of third-party companies, starting with Hudson Soft, to produce many languages and OSes for the system. In an era when floppy disk drives were too expensive for most home users, the MZ's built-in cassette tape drive was faster and more reliable than the cassette storage on some competing computers;[2] however, this meant that the MZ series was relatively slow to adopt floppy drives as a standard accessory.

In 1983, after the most popular home computers appeared in the UK, the Sharp MZ-700 was briefly the 10th best selling machine out of 20 considered, beating the Apple IIe, Atari 800 and TI-99/4A.[3]

In May 2012, Sharp's Japanese Twitter account announced that they had found a copy of an MZ manual in a warehouse, and were hoping to digitize it in the future.[4] On 21 December 2012, Sharp's Japanese Twitter account announced[5][6][7] that they had published digital copies of manuals for the MZ-80 on their official website.[8][9] It was promoted as a "Christmas present" to fans.[10]

Products

[edit]

The MZ series is divided into several lines, including the text-based MZ-80K series, the graphics-based MZ-80B series, and the MZ-3500/5500 series, based on a completely different architecture.

In 1982, Sharp's television division released the X1, a completely new computer. The X series proved to outsell Sharp's own MZ series, and in response, Sharp released the MZ-1500/2500 machines, which featured powered-up graphics and sound capabilities. However, this series saw little marketplace success, and eventually the company abandoned the line in favor of the X68000 series.

The MZ name lives on as the initials of two of Sharp's most well-known products: the Mebius line of PCs, and the Zaurus line of personal digital assistants.

MZ-80K group

[edit]
Sharp MZ-80K
Sharp MZ-700 (MZ-721)
Sharp MZ-800 (MZ821)
Sharp MZ-1500

The Sharp MZ-80K was one of the popular early consumer-level microcomputers, with an architecture based on the Zilog Z80 8-bit microprocessor. It was introduced into Europe in 1979. The machine had 48KB of RAM, 32KB of which was available for user programs (the actual figure was dependent on the memory configuration and the system languages being used). It could run a variety of high-level languages including BASIC, Pascal and FORTRAN, which had to be loaded into RAM before any programming could be undertaken. It could also be programmed directly in assembly code or machine code. The machine had an inbuilt monochrome display and a cassette tape drive. The display, keyboard and cassette drive lifted on hinges to expose the motherboard and circuitry underneath. Graphics capability was primitive, with only preset shapes and icons being available and no native hi-res capability. This was not unusual for a late-1970s vintage microcomputer. The main drawback, however, of the MZ-80K was the non-standard keyboard, which was difficult to use.

The MZ-80K sold well in Europe despite its high price (it retailed at over £500 in 1980), and a large range of software was available, including some Japanese arcade games. It was superseded in 1982 by the MZ-80A machine.

  • MZ-80K series
    • MZ-80K (1978): An all-in-one kit with keyboard.
    • MZ-80C: Featured an improved keyboard and 48KB of memory.
    • MZ-80K2: The assembled version of the 80K.
    • MZ-80K2E: A low-price version of the 80K2.
    • MZ-80A (1982)/MZ-1200: An upgraded version of the 80K with improved keyboard, more VRAM and a green-screen VDU.
  • MZ-700 series (MZ-80K machines with color graphics)
    • MZ-700 (1982): The first MZ without a built-in monitor; an optional data recorder and plotter could also be installed to the machine. More-or-less fully compatible with the MZ-80K.
    • MZ-800 (1983): The first MZ with a 640×200-pixel graphics mode, a Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip and a Quick Disk drive.
    • MZ-1500 (1984): Available in Japan only. Features 320×200-pixel graphics and built-in sound capability using a Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip. The tape recorder has been replaced with a floppy drive that reads 2.8-inch Quick Disks.

MZ-80B group

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Sharp MZ-80B

This offshoot of the MZ-80K line was primarily marketed for business use.

  • MZ-80B series
    • MZ-80B (1981): 320×200-pixel graphics. (Extra VRAM optional)
    • MZ-80B2: An 80B with extra VRAM installed. Sold alongside the MZ-2000 for most of the lineup's lifetime.
    • MZ-2000 (1982): 640×200-pixel monochrome monitor built-in; color optional. BASIC-level compatible with the MZ-80B.
    • MZ-2200 (1983): The only monitorless, standalone unit in the series.
  • MZ-2500 (SuperMZ) series: Launched in 1985, the computers in this series all used a Z80B processor running at 6 MHz. They included a data recorder and at least one 3.5 internal floppy disk drive, as well as a YM2203 sound chip, hardware scrolling, and a palette of 256 colors (upgradable to 4096). This makes them among the most powerful 8-bit machines ever released for home use. Some models are also compatible with the MZ-80B and MZ-2000.
    • MZ-2511
    • MZ-2520: The 2511 without a data recorder and the MZ-80B/2000 compatibility modes.
    • MZ-2521
    • MZ-2531(MZ-2500V2) (1986)
  • MZ-2800 series

MZ-3500/5500/6500 group

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A line of business PCs shoehorned into the MZ lineup. All of them feature 5.25-inch floppy disk drives.

  • MZ-3500 series (1982): Runs on two Z80A processors.
    • MZ-3541: FDOS and EOS (CP/M compatible)
  • MZ-5500 series (1983): An MS-DOS-based machine running on an Intel 8086 processor.
  • MZ-6500 series (1984): A high-speed version of the MZ-5500 marketed as a CAD workstation.

Other

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  • MZ-100: notebook / laptop with Intel 8088 processor and two 720KB DS/DD 3.5" floppy disk drives.
  • MZ-8000 series: A line of PC/AT-compatible machines running on 80286 and 80386 processors.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hawes, Maurice (16 September 2002). "A Brief History of the MZ-80K". Sharp MZ.org.
  2. ^ Mau, Karl-Heinz (26 August 2002). "Technical data of the MZ-80K". Sharp MZ.org.
  3. ^ Smith, Tony (3 January 2013). "MEGAGRAPH: 1983's UK home computer chart toppers". The Register.
  4. ^ ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ [@SHARP_ProductS] (22 May 2012). "MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが…" (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 14 April 2016 – via Twitter. MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが、元MZ企画者から始まり、広島にいる元企画者、知的財産部等‥を順にご紹介頂き、なんとか、保管していそうな倉庫を探査頂く事になりました。今頃意味不明なお願に快く動いてくれる各担当者に感謝！。さてさて、裁断可能なのか？権利関係は？まだまだ道は遠い様です。
  5. ^ "Sharp からのクリスマスプレゼント" [Christmas present from Sharp] (in Japanese). 24 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  6. ^ ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ [@SHARP_ProductS] (21 December 2012). "MZ-80マニュアル電子化①" [MZ-80 Manual digitization ①] (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 14 May 2016 – via Twitter.
  7. ^ ｼｬｰﾌﾟ製品／ﾈｯﾄｻｰﾋﾞｽ [@SHARP_ProductS] (21 December 2012). "MZ-80マニュアル電子化②" [MZ-80 Manual digitization ②] (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 May 2016 – via Twitter.
  8. ^ MZ-80K System Program (PDF) (in Japanese). Sharp Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2013.
  9. ^ MZ-80 Series BASIC (PDF) (in Japanese). Sharp Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2013.
  10. ^ "「BASICの海へ」──「MZ-80」伝説のマニュアル、シャープが公開 Twitterがきっかけ". ITmedia NEWS (in Japanese). ITmedia. 25 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
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