The International (2009 film)

The International
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Tom Tykwer
Written by	Eric Singer
Produced by	Charles Roven Richard Suckle Lloyd Phillips
Starring	Clive Owen Naomi Watts Armin Mueller-Stahl Brian F. O'Byrne Ulrich Thomsen
Cinematography	Frank Griebe
Edited by	Mathilde Bonnefoy
Music by	Tom Tykwer Reinhold Heil Johnny Klimek Matthew Bellamy
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	February 13, 2009
Running time	118 min.
Countries	Template:FilmUS Template:FilmGermany Template:FilmUK
Languages	English Italian French Danish
Budget	50 million USD
Box office	60 million USD (worldwide)

The International is a 2009 thriller film directed by Tom Tykwer. The film follows an Interpol agent (Clive Owen) and an American attorney (Naomi Watts) who investigate corruption within the IBBC, a fictional merchant bank based in Luxembourg. It serves organised crime and corrupt governments as a banker and as an arms broker. The bank's ruthless managers assassinate potential threats, including their own employees.

Modelled after the Bank of Credit and Commerce International banking scandal, the film's script, written by Eric Singer, was inspired by banking scandals in the 1980s and concerns about how global finance affects politics across the world. Production began in Berlin in September 2007, including the construction of a life size replica of the Guggenheim museum in New York for the film's climactic shoot-out scene. The film opened the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival on 5 February 2009. Reviews were mixed: some praised the sleek appearance and prescient themes, The Guardian called it a thriller with "brainpower as well as firepower" but The New Yorker criticised the characterisation saying the two protagonists were not believable humans.

Plot synopsis

Louis Salinger (Clive Owen), of Interpol, and Eleanor Whitman (Naomi Watts), an Assistant District Attorney from Manhattan, are investigating the International Bank of Business and Credit (IBBC), which funds activities including money laundering, terrorism, arms trading, and the destabilisation of governments. Salinger's and Whitman's investigation takes them from Berlin to Milan, where the IBBC assassinates Umberto Calvini, an arms manufacturer who is an Italian prime ministerial candidate. The bank's assassin diverts suspicion to a local assassin with political connections, who is promptly killed by a corrupt policeman. However they track the second assassin, but the corrupt policeman shows up again with orders that they return home. They reluctantly leave for the airport, where they check the security camera footage for clues, and follow a suspect to New York.

In New York, Salinger and Whitman are greeted by two NYPD detectives, Iggy Ornelas (Felix Solis) and Bernie Ward (Jack McGee), who have a photograph of the assassin's face when he arrived in New York airport. Salinger, Ornelas, and Ward locate Dr. Isaacson (Tibor Feldman) to whose practice the assassin's leg brace has been traced. They find the assassin (Brían F. O'Byrne) and follow him to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.

Jonas Skarssen (Ulrich Thomsen), the chairman of the IBBC, reveals to his senior men White (Patrick Baladi) and Wexler (Armin Mueller-Stahl) that the bank had Calvini killed so that they could deal with his sons, to buy guidance systems for missiles in which the bank has invested. Since the bank knows that Salinger and Whitman are close to finding their assassin, they send a hit team to kill him at a meeting between him and his handler, Wexler. Wexler leaves and is arrested by Ornelas. As Salinger speaks to the assassin, a spectacular gunfight at the Guggenheim erupts when a number of gunmen attempt to kill them with automatic weapons. They escape, but the assassin is mortally wounded.

In interrogation, Wexler, a former communist, explains to Salinger that the IBBC is practically untouchable because of its utility to terrorist organisations, drug cartels, governments and powerful corporations of all complexions; even if he succeeds there are hundreds of other banks which will replace them. If Salinger wants justice, he will need to go outside it. So he tells the Calvini brothers of the IBBC's responsibility for their father's murder, prompting them to cancel the deal with the bank and have White killed.

Salinger then follows Wexler to Istanbul, where Skarssen is buying the crucial components from their only other manufacturer. Salinger attempts to record the conversation so that he can obstruct the deal by proving to the buyers that the missiles will be useless, but ultimately fails. Both Wexler and Skarssen are then killed by a hitman contracted by Enzo and Mario Calvini to avenge their father's murder by the bank. Salinger is left stunned, his investigation, pursuit and determination to bring down the IBBC, have led him to nothing. During the closing credits, it is indicated that the bank is successfully continuing with its operations despite the death of its Chairman - as Skarssen had warned Salinger before he was killed.

Production

The screenplay was written by Eric Warren Singer after he developed an interest in the banking scandals from the 1980s and 90s, he was looking for "a paranoid thriller vibe" from that period and The Godfather III was really the only film up to this point that dealt with the banking scandals, because it was really gangster warfare on a corporate level, and I thought that was the best part of the film." Later reviewers compared it directly to The Parallax View (1974) and All The President's Men (1976). Ridley Scott initially expressed an interest in directing the film, and the studio agreed to finance the project, only for Scott to drop out. A year later Tom Twyker got involved through his agent, but decided a contemporary setting would work better. In April 2007, Clive Owen agreed to perform in The International. He said the script interested him because he was reminded of "those '70s paranoia pictures" and because it combined a factual, intelligent basis with an international thriller plot. The following July, actress Naomi Watts was cast opposite Owen. The film received US$5.4 million from the German Federal Film Fund toward its budget in August. The following month its funding increased to $7.9 million, based on the board's assessment that two-thirds of The International would be produced in Germany and that a number of Germans were in important roles, such as actors Armin Mueller-Stahl and Axel Milberg, cinematographer Frank Griebe, and production designer Uli Hanisch. Filming began in Berlin on September 10, 2007. Part of the production took place in Babelsberg Studios.

Clive Owen called the shoot-out scene "one of the most exquisitely executed sequences I've been involved in". Tom Tykwer planned the scene in detail and toured the museum with the principals months in advance. The lobby entrance scene was filmed in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, but for the shooting sequences an one hundred and eighteen foot wide, life-size replica, including an audio visual exhibition with works of Julian Rosefeldt, was built in Germany. This set was too large for the studio, so instead was built in a disused locomotive warehouse outside Berlin; construction took ten weeks. Having filmed in the real museum interior and on the sound stage in Germany, the film crew had to track the lights and camera angles carefully throughout to ensure continuity. The scene includes a sequence in which the protoganist sends a huge art-chandelier hanging from the ceiling crashing to the ground, the entire stunt was created computer generated imagery.

Themes

Clive Owen, discussing the film's relevance, said it "ultimately does ask questions about whether banks use people's money appropriately, and if they're completely sound institutions." More baldly put, Philip French, reviewing the film in The Observer, surmised the sentiment as "Let's kill all the bankers", a modern day version of Dick the Butcher's "First thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers" from Shakespeare's Henry the Sixth, Part II. Salinger's (Owen) central revelation is that the world is governed by anonymous forces, staffed by disposable individuals. The powerlessness of the ordinary citizen is symbolised by the huge, impersonal buildings that the villains inhabit.

The film draws on a number of macabre incidents from international banking: the Bank of Credit and Commerce International crisis in 1991, the murder of Roberto Calvi, an alleged banker to the mafia in 1982, and the assassination by poisoning of Georgi Markov in London in 1978. The bank is making large loans to rogue states and simultaneously acting as their munitions broker, the script offers the chilling insight that the creditors are the real winners of any conflict. A.O. Scott commented on the opportunity to make a film critical of international finance, "that multinational weapons manufacturers can be portrayed as more decent, civic-minded and principled than global financiers surely says something about the state of the world."

Reception

Box office

The International was first screened on February 5, 2009 at the Berlin International Film Festival and was released in the United States and Canada on February 13, 2009. In a six week run in America, it earned 25 million USD at the box office. It was released in Australia on February 19 and the United Kingdom on February 27, 2009. Its total theatrical earnings worldwide were 60,161,391 USD.

It was released in France under the title "L'Enquête - The International" on 11 March 2009, it earned € 264 054 EUR during a three week release.

Reviewers called the film "topical" and "remarkably prescient", due to its release during the worldwide recession and during the financial crisis of 2007–2010 though it had been delayed from 2008. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on June 9, 2009. It contains a digital copy for portable devices.

Critical

The International has received mixed reviews from critics. Based on reviews from 189 critics, the film has a 59% rating on the film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic, a similar website, gave the film a 52 percent rating.

In his review for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw wrote, "I felt occasionally that Owen's rumpled performance is in danger of becoming a little one-note ... but this is still an unexpectedly well–made thriller with brainpower as well as firepower". Philip French, in his review for The Observer, called the film a "slick, fast-moving conspiracy thriller" and the gunfight in the Guggenheim "spectacular". In his review for The Independent, Anthony Quinn wrote, "It's reasonably efficient, passably entertaining, and strenuously playing catch-up with the Bourne movies: flat-footed Owen doesn't look as good as Matt Damon sprinting through city streets, and the editing doesn't match Paul Greengrass's whiplash pace". (Coincidently, Owen played an "asset" in The Bourne Identity.)

The New Yorker magazine's David Denby wrote, "And there's a big hole in the middle of the movie: the director, Tom Tykwer, and the screenwriter, Eric Warren Singer, forgot to make their two crusaders human beings". In his review for The New York Post, Lou Lumenick wrote, "There, an anticlimactic rooftop chase reminds us that Tykwer, the German director who reinvented the Euro thriller with Run, Lola, Run a decade ago, has been far surpassed by Paul Greengrass and the Bourne adventures, yet thankfully lacking the rampant and nonsensical roller-coaster style of editing, where no shot lingers for longer than a nano-second.". A.O. Scott, in his review for The New York Times, wrote, "The International, in contrast, is so undistinguished that the moments you remember best are those that you wish another, more original director had tackled". Citing the climatic shoot-out in the Guggenheim, hailed by other critics as spectacular, Scott wonders if another, such as Brian de Palma could have "turned into a fugue of architectural paranoia"?

In his review for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan wrote, "It's got some effective moments and aspects, but the film goes in and out of plausibility, and its elements never manage to unify into a coherent whole". Claudia Puig, in her review for USA Today, wrote, "The dialogue by screenwriter Eric Warren Singer is spotty. There are some great, pithy lines and others whose attempt at profundity ring false". Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and wrote, "Clive Owen makes a semi-believable hero, not performing too many feats that are physically unlikely. He's handsome and has the obligatory macho stubble, but he has a quality that makes you worry a little about him". Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B–" rating and Lisa Schwarzbaum wrote, "the star of the pic may well be NYC's Guggenheim Museum and Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, both of which figure in cool action chase sequences that pay handsome dividends".

The film earned an average rating of three stars from five from French critics, according to Allociné, a film-tracking website. Le Monde, which gave the film one star, said that the modern, destructive forces of political fantasy and derivative finance which power the film's plot should have created sparks, "but in reality, the film trudges along". While the film constituted a thirlling geographic tour of the genre tropes, it forgot to focus on characters and mood.

External links

• Official website