Thuburnica
 Roman bridge of Thuburnica | |
  Shown within Tunisia | |
| Location | Tunisia |
|---|---|
| Region | Jendouba Governorate |
| Coordinates | 36°31′36″N 8°28′14″E / 36.5267°N 8.4706°E |
Thuburnica (by some believed identical with Bulla Regia) was a Roman-Berbed city in the later Maghreb. Is present-day site, El Kalâa, is located near Chimtou in western Tunisia.
History
- For its ecclesiastical history, as former suffragan diocese of Carthage and present Latin titular bishopric, see Thuburnica (see).
The Late Roman Republican general Caius Marius started the Roman presence in Thuburnica, allowing some of his veterans (the "Conditores coloniae" or 'founders of the colonia') to settle in a small ancient Berber village just south of Tabarca, near the border between present Tunisia and Algeria.[1]
A few decades later, the first Roman emperor Augustus settled there some of his veterans creating officially a Roman colonia, governed by duumvir' (a pair of collegial, elected municipal magistrates). Thuburnica was one ten colonies founded by emperor Augustus on or near the coast of the Roman province of Mauretania for the retirement of the veterans of his legions, the others being: Rusucurru, Tubusuctu, Igilgili, Saldae, Rusazu, Rusguniae, Aquae Calidae, Zuccabar, Gunugu and Cartenna.
Since Emperor Diocletianus's provincial reshuffle, Thuburnica was on the border between Mauretania Sitifensis and Africa Proconsularis (roughly modern Tunisia).
The people of Thuburnica were members of the tribal "Arnense" group. Most of the population of Thuburnica in the third century were descendants of the Roman legionaries and this fact made the city one of the most romanised in ancient Mauretania. The Christian religion became the most important only in the fourth century:[2] paganism was still practiced prominently in Emperor Hadrian's time in a local temple dedicated to Ba'al Hammon,[3] later destroyed and finally converted to church.
Thuburnica was conquered by the Vandals and reconquered a century later by Byzantine emperor Justinianus, who built a fortification).
After the Arab invasion in the second half of the seventh century, the city was destroyed and disappeared.
Archeological remains
Actually only some ruins remain of Roman Thuburnica, but a local Roman bridge is still working in perfect conditions.
The ruins include: a mausoleum, two arches, a temple, four cisterns, thermae (public baths), an aqueduct and a small Byzantine fortification.
See also
References
Further reading
- Prevost, Virginie. Les dernières communautés chrétiennes autochtones d’Afrique du Nord. Armand Colin ed. (p. 461-483)
- Smith Reid, James. The Municipalities of the Roman Empire The University of Michigan Press. Chicago, 1913
36°31′36″N 8°28′14″E / 36.5267°N 8.4706°E{{#coordinates:}}: cannot have more than one primary tag per page