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{{Short description|Third mobile operator in Syria}}
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20240705115823|u=Quick-ease2020|ns=118|demo=}}{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Wafa Telecom
| name = Wafa Telecom
| logo = Wafa Telecom Logo.png
| native_name = وفا تيليكوم
| native_name = وفا تيليكوم
| native_name_lang = ar
| native_name_lang = ar
| founded = 2017
| hq_location = Abd Al-Rahman Shahbander Street
| hq_location = Abd Al-Rahman Shahbander Street
| hq_location_city = [[Damascus]]
| hq_location_city = [[Damascus]]
| area_served = [[Syria]]
| key_people = Ghassan Saba ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| products = [[Mobile network operator]], [[GSM]], [[3G]], [[4G]] / [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]], [[5G]]
| services = Telecommunications & Data
| website = {{URL|wafa-telecom.com/en/}}
| website = {{URL|wafa-telecom.com/en/}}
}}
}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->


'''Wafa Telecom'''({{lang-ar|وفا تيليكوم
'''Wafa Telecom''' ({{lang-ar|وفا تيليكوم}}) is the third mobile operator in [[Syria]]. The other two being [[Syriatel]] and [[MTN Syria]].
}}) is the third mobile operator in Syria. The other two being [[Syriatel]] and [[MTN Syria]].


It is granted the exclusive rights to operate [[5G]] in Syria. They performed the first test of the technology in 2023.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-06-08 |title=بحضور نجل الرئيس الأسد...إطلاق تقنية "جي 5" للمرة الأولى في سوريا... صور وفيديو |trans-title=In the presence of President Al-Assad's son...the launch of "5G" technology for the first time in Syria...photos and video |url=https://sarabic.ae/20230608/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%8A-5-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1--1077876359.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Sputnik (news agency)|Sputnik Arabic]] |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The first 5G test in Syria |url=https://wafa-telecom.com/en/the-first-5g-test-in-syria/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Wafa Telecom |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301164101/http://wafa-telecom.com/en/the-first-5g-test-in-syria/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The company plans to build 750 radio stations by the start of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=سلوم |first=رامي |date=2022-08-11 |editor-last=دحدل |editor-first=قسيم |title="وفا تيليكوم" تفتح باب التوظيف وتعتزم تركيب 750 محطة خاصة بداية العام المقبل |trans-title="Wafa Telecom" opens the door to employment and intends to install 750 stations at by the beginning of next year |url=https://newspaper.albaathmedia.sy/2022/08/11/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%85-%D8%AA/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Al-Ba'ath]] |language=ar |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710204058/https://newspaper.albaathmedia.sy/2022/08/11/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%85-%D8%AA/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They aim to acquire 1.5 million users in three years and cover 80% of Syria in 5 years and 90% of it in 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=خازم |first=بلال |date=2022-05-31 |title=المشغل الثالث ملتزم بموعد بدء خدماته ... سابا لـ«الوطن»: نطمح للوصول إلى 1.5 مليون مشترك خلال ثلاث سنوات .. يستطيع المشتركون الجدد الاحتفاظ بأرقامهم ذاتها |trans-title=The third operator is committed to the start date of its services... Saba to Al-Watan: We aspire to reach 1.5 million subscribers within three years. New subscribers can keep their same numbers |url=https://alwatan.sy/archives/305707 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Al-Watan (Syria)]] |language=ar |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302195634/https://alwatan.sy/archives/305707 |url-status=live }}</ref>
They were granted mobile license in 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Syria awards third mobile telecoms licence to Wafa -state media |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/syria-awards-third-mobile-telecoms-licence-wafa-state-media-2022-02-21/}}</ref>


Its ownership has links to [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Iran's Revolutionary Guard]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=Iran Ramps Up Pressure on Damascus for Debt Recovery via Investments |url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4990626-iran-ramps-pressure-damascus-debt-recovery-investments |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508050155/https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4990626-iran-ramps-pressure-damascus-debt-recovery-investments |archive-date=2024-05-08 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]] |place=[[Damascus]]}}</ref>
They have the exclusive rights to operate 5G. And they were the first operator to test it in Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=عربي |first=سبوتنيك |date=20230608T0930+0000 |title=بحضور نجل الرئيس الأسد...إطلاق تقنية "جي 5" للمرة الأولى في سوريا... صور وفيديو |url=https://sarabic.ae/20230608/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%8A-5-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1--1077876359.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=سبوتنيك عربي |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The first 5G test in Syria – Wafa |url=https://wafa-telecom.com/en/the-first-5g-test-in-syria/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
Wafa was established in 2017.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=al-Mahmoud |first=Hussam |date=2021-06-20 |title=Wafa Telecom: Asma al-Assad pulling the rug out from under Rami Makhlouf |url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2021/06/wafa-telecom-asma-al-assad-pulling-the-rug-out-from-under-rami-makhlouf/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Enab Baladi]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302054054/https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2021/06/wafa-telecom-asma-al-assad-pulling-the-rug-out-from-under-rami-makhlouf/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 21, 2022, Syria's telecommunications authority granted the company a mobile license. It is the third company in Syria to get that license.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Mohamed |first1=Moataz |last2=Makieh |first2=Kinda |last3=al-Khalidi |first3=Suleiman |date=2022-02-21 |editor-last=Baum |editor-first=Bernadette |title=Syria awards third mobile telecoms licence to Wafa -state media |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/syria-awards-third-mobile-telecoms-licence-wafa-state-media-2022-02-21/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2024-07-05 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223191616/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/syria-awards-third-mobile-telecoms-licence-wafa-state-media-2022-02-21/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=al-Allouni |first1=Rafah |last2=al-Jazaeri |first2=Ruaa |date=2022-02-21 |title=3rd mobile network operator launched in Syria |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=264197 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922084019/http://sana.sy/en/?p=264197 |url-status=live }}</ref>
According to Syrian Official Gazette, Wafa was established as a company in 2017 with a stated capital of 10 billion Syrian Pounds (SYP).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=JI |first=enab04 |date=2021-06-20 |title=Wafa Telecom: Asma al-Assad pulling the rug out from under Rami Makhlouf |url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2021/06/wafa-telecom-asma-al-assad-pulling-the-rug-out-from-under-rami-makhlouf/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Enab Baladi |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Ownership ==
== Ownership ==
At the launch of their 5G test, the Syrian minister of telecommunication claimed that the company is a completely national operator, implying Syrian ownership. But he did not specify individuals or entities that own the company.<ref name=":2" />
Reuters reported that Influential businessmen with close ties to government officials are key investors in the company are the owners<ref name=":0" />

7al reproted that it could be linked to Asmaa al assad. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=محمد |first=عبير |date=2021-11-13 |title="وفا تيليكوم" بديل "سيريتل".. السيطرة لأسماء الأسد؟ |url=https://7al.net/2021/11/13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A3-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84/aber_mo/news/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=الحل نت |language=ar}}</ref>

According to an [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project|OOCRP]] investigation revealed a connection between Wafa and Iranian revolutionary guard. Through a malayasian company directly owned by IRGC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabbagh |first=Rana |last2=Dihmis |first2=Lara |last3=Shahrour |first3=Sami |last4=Shaar |first4=Karam |last5=Dziadosz |first5=Alexander |last6=Greenwald |first6=Jacob |date=2022-12-09 |title=Syria’s Newest Mobile Operator Has A Hidden Link to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/syrias-newest-mobile-operator-has-a-hidden-link-to-irans-revolutionary-guard |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=OCCRP |language=en}}</ref>


Two senior businessmen told [[Reuters]] that {{Inline quote single|Influential businessmen with close ties to government officials are key investors in the company}}.<ref name=":0" /> Other various local sources also reported that company is directly linked with the presidential palace.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=أبو سهيل |first=فتحي |date=2020-12-20 |title=مصدر يكشف لتلفزيون سوريا تفاصيل عن المشغل الثالث للخلوي بسوريا |trans-title=A source reveals to Syria TV details about the third cellular operator in Syria |url=https://www.syria.tv/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7 |website=[[Syria TV (Turkey)|Syria TV]] |language=ar |access-date=2024-07-05 |archive-date=2022-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001232627/https://www.syria.tv/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=محمد |first=عبير |date=2021-11-13 |title="وفا تيليكوم" بديل "سيريتل".. السيطرة لأسماء الأسد؟ |trans-title="Wafa Telecom" is an alternative to "Syriatel"... is it under control of Asma al-Assad? |url=https://7al.net/2021/11/13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A3-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84/aber_mo/news/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=الحل نت |language=ar |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607185004/https://7al.net/2021/11/13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A3-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84/aber_mo/news/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Iranian links ===
An investigation between [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OOCRP) and the Observatory of Political and Economic Networks revealed a hidden link between the company and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Iran Revolutionary Guard]]. Arabian Business Company (ABC), which owns 52% of Wafa Telecom, is itself owned by a Malaysian company called Tioman Golden Treasure. This Malaysian company is owned by Iranian Azim Monzavi which is sanctioned by the U.S which described him as {{Inline quote single|An IRGC official who facilitates oil sales}}.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last1=Sabbagh |first1=Rana |last2=Dihmis |first2=Lara |last3=Shahrour |first3=Sami |last4=Shaar |first4=Karam |last5=Dziadosz |first5=Alexander |last6=Greenwald |first6=Jacob |date=2022-12-09 |title=Syria's Newest Mobile Operator Has A Hidden Link to Iran's Revolutionary Guard |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/syrias-newest-mobile-operator-has-a-hidden-link-to-irans-revolutionary-guard |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404073443/https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/syrias-newest-mobile-operator-has-a-hidden-link-to-irans-revolutionary-guard |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sallon |first=Hélène |date=2022-12-12 |title=Syria's newest cell phone operator is under the control of Iran's Revolutionary Guards |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/12/12/syria-s-third-cell-phone-operator-is-under-the-control-of-the-iranian-revolutionary-guards_6007402_4.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=[[Le Monde]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617055722/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/12/12/syria-s-third-cell-phone-operator-is-under-the-control-of-the-iranian-revolutionary-guards_6007402_4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


While Iran has not officially acknowledged ownership of Wafa, it signed a contract for cooperation in communication (a mobile network operator) with Syria in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=R. |first1=Melhem |last2=H. |first2=Zain |last3=H. |first3=Said |date=2017-01-17 |title=Syria and Iran sign five contracts on economic cooperation |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=98377 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710204107/https://sana.sy/en/?p=98377 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharafedin |first=Bozorgmehr |date=2017-01-17 |editor-last=Goodman |editor-first=David |title=Iran to operate mobile service network in Syria |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/iran-to-operate-mobile-service-network-in-syria-idUSKBN1511QD/ |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The head of the joint commission for economic cooperation between Iran and Syria mentioned in 2023 that Iran is launching a mobile operator in Syria soon. But didn't confirm whether it is Wafa or another company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=انتظاری |first=مجید |date=2023-07-31 |title=ورود سیم کارت‌های ایرانی به زودی در سوریه |trans-title=Arrival of Iranian SIM cards soon in Syria |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1402050905394/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=[[Iranian Students' News Agency]] |language=fa |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813113811/https://www.isna.ir/news/1402050905394/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Companies based in Damascus]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Syria]]

Latest revision as of 22:23, 12 July 2024

Wafa Telecom
Native name
وفا تيليكوم
Founded2017
HeadquartersAbd Al-Rahman Shahbander Street,
Damascus
Area served
Syria
Key people
Ghassan Saba (CEO)
ProductsMobile network operator, GSM, 3G, 4G / LTE, 5G
ServicesTelecommunications & Data
Websitewafa-telecom.com/en/

Wafa Telecom (Arabic: وفا تيليكوم) is the third mobile operator in Syria. The other two being Syriatel and MTN Syria.

It is granted the exclusive rights to operate 5G in Syria. They performed the first test of the technology in 2023.[1][2] The company plans to build 750 radio stations by the start of 2023.[3] They aim to acquire 1.5 million users in three years and cover 80% of Syria in 5 years and 90% of it in 10 years.[4]

Its ownership has links to Iran's Revolutionary Guard.[5][6]

History

[edit]

Wafa was established in 2017.[7] On February 21, 2022, Syria's telecommunications authority granted the company a mobile license. It is the third company in Syria to get that license.[8][9]

Ownership

[edit]

At the launch of their 5G test, the Syrian minister of telecommunication claimed that the company is a completely national operator, implying Syrian ownership. But he did not specify individuals or entities that own the company.[1]

Two senior businessmen told Reuters that ‘Influential businessmen with close ties to government officials are key investors in the company’.[8] Other various local sources also reported that company is directly linked with the presidential palace.[7][10][11]

[edit]

An investigation between Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OOCRP) and the Observatory of Political and Economic Networks revealed a hidden link between the company and Iran Revolutionary Guard. Arabian Business Company (ABC), which owns 52% of Wafa Telecom, is itself owned by a Malaysian company called Tioman Golden Treasure. This Malaysian company is owned by Iranian Azim Monzavi which is sanctioned by the U.S which described him as ‘An IRGC official who facilitates oil sales’.[5][12]

While Iran has not officially acknowledged ownership of Wafa, it signed a contract for cooperation in communication (a mobile network operator) with Syria in 2017.[13][14] The head of the joint commission for economic cooperation between Iran and Syria mentioned in 2023 that Iran is launching a mobile operator in Syria soon. But didn't confirm whether it is Wafa or another company.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "بحضور نجل الرئيس الأسد...إطلاق تقنية "جي 5" للمرة الأولى في سوريا... صور وفيديو" [In the presence of President Al-Assad's son...the launch of "5G" technology for the first time in Syria...photos and video]. Sputnik Arabic (in Arabic). 2023-06-08. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  2. ^ "The first 5G test in Syria". Wafa Telecom. Archived from the original on 2024-03-01. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  3. ^ سلوم, رامي (2022-08-11). دحدل, قسيم (ed.). ""وفا تيليكوم" تفتح باب التوظيف وتعتزم تركيب 750 محطة خاصة بداية العام المقبل" ["Wafa Telecom" opens the door to employment and intends to install 750 stations at by the beginning of next year]. Al-Ba'ath (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2024-07-10. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  4. ^ خازم, بلال (2022-05-31). "المشغل الثالث ملتزم بموعد بدء خدماته ... سابا لـ«الوطن»: نطمح للوصول إلى 1.5 مليون مشترك خلال ثلاث سنوات .. يستطيع المشتركون الجدد الاحتفاظ بأرقامهم ذاتها" [The third operator is committed to the start date of its services... Saba to Al-Watan: We aspire to reach 1.5 million subscribers within three years. New subscribers can keep their same numbers]. Al-Watan (Syria) (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  5. ^ a b Sabbagh, Rana; Dihmis, Lara; Shahrour, Sami; Shaar, Karam; Dziadosz, Alexander; Greenwald, Jacob (2022-12-09). "Syria's Newest Mobile Operator Has A Hidden Link to Iran's Revolutionary Guard". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Archived from the original on 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  6. ^ "Iran Ramps Up Pressure on Damascus for Debt Recovery via Investments". Asharq Al-Awsat. Damascus. 2024-04-29. Archived from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
  7. ^ a b al-Mahmoud, Hussam (2021-06-20). "Wafa Telecom: Asma al-Assad pulling the rug out from under Rami Makhlouf". Enab Baladi. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  8. ^ a b Mohamed, Moataz; Makieh, Kinda; al-Khalidi, Suleiman (2022-02-21). Baum, Bernadette (ed.). "Syria awards third mobile telecoms licence to Wafa -state media". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-12-23. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  9. ^ al-Allouni, Rafah; al-Jazaeri, Ruaa (2022-02-21). "3rd mobile network operator launched in Syria". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  10. ^ أبو سهيل, فتحي (2020-12-20). "مصدر يكشف لتلفزيون سوريا تفاصيل عن المشغل الثالث للخلوي بسوريا" [A source reveals to Syria TV details about the third cellular operator in Syria]. Syria TV (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  11. ^ محمد, عبير (2021-11-13). ""وفا تيليكوم" بديل "سيريتل".. السيطرة لأسماء الأسد؟" ["Wafa Telecom" is an alternative to "Syriatel"... is it under control of Asma al-Assad?]. الحل نت (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  12. ^ Sallon, Hélène (2022-12-12). "Syria's newest cell phone operator is under the control of Iran's Revolutionary Guards". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 2023-06-17. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  13. ^ R., Melhem; H., Zain; H., Said (2017-01-17). "Syria and Iran sign five contracts on economic cooperation". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 2024-07-10. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  14. ^ Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr (2017-01-17). Goodman, David (ed.). "Iran to operate mobile service network in Syria". Reuters.
  15. ^ انتظاری, مجید (2023-07-31). "ورود سیم کارت‌های ایرانی به زودی در سوریه" [Arrival of Iranian SIM cards soon in Syria]. Iranian Students' News Agency (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
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