44th Ontario general election
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124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 63 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 44th Ontario general election is tentatively scheduled to be held on June 4, 2026. As of December 2016, Ontario elections are held on the first Thursday in June in the fourth calendar year following the previous general election,[1] unless the Legislative Assembly of Ontario is dissolved earlier by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario due to advice from the Premier of Ontario, a motion of no confidence or the failure of the Assembly to grant supply.
Date
[edit]Under the Ontario Elections Act, general elections shall be held on the first Thursday in June in the fourth calendar year following the previous general election. As the previous election was held on June 2, 2022, the election would be June 4, 2026. However, there has been speculation that Premier Ford will call a snap election to take advantage of a lead in the polls and fundraising, as well as a desire to hold the election before the next federal election, which the Conservative party is currently projected to win.[2][3] Speculation was further fueled by Ford refusing to commit to the June 2026 date when asked by reporters at multiple press conferences in May 2024.[4][5][6]
Standings
[edit]Party | Party leader | Seats | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | Current | |||
Progressive Conservative | Doug Ford | 83 | 79 | |
New Democratic | Marit Stiles | 31 | 28 | |
Liberal | Bonnie Crombie | 8 | 9 | |
Green | Mike Schreiner | 1 | 2 | |
Independent | 1 | 6 | ||
Vacant | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 124 | 124 |
Timeline
[edit]2022
[edit]- June 2: The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario under Doug Ford won a second majority government in the 43rd Ontario general election. New Democratic Party leader Andrea Horwath and Liberal leader Steven Del Duca both announce their resignation on election night.[7]
- June 28: Toronto—Danforth MPP Peter Tabuns was named interim leader of the NDP, becoming Leader of the Official Opposition.[8]
- August 3: Ottawa South MPP John Fraser was named interim leader of the Liberals.[9][10]
2023
[edit]- February 4: Marit Stiles was declared leader of the NDP, and became Leader of the Official Opposition.[11][12][13]
- December 2: Bonnie Crombie was elected leader of the Liberals.[14]
2024
[edit]Seat | Before | Change | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Member | Party | Reason | Date | Member | Party | |
Hamilton Centre | August 15, 2022 | Andrea Horwath[15][16] | █ New Democratic | Resignation from legislature.[a 1] | March 16, 2023 | Sarah Jama[17] | █ New Democratic |
Don Valley North | March 10, 2023 | Vincent Ke[18] | █ PC | Resignation from caucus.[a 2] | █ Independent | ||
Kanata—Carleton | March 24, 2023 | Merrilee Fullerton[19] | █ PC | Resignation from legislature.[a 3] | July 27, 2023 | Karen McCrimmon[20] | █ Liberal |
Algoma—Manitoulin | March 31, 2023 | Michael Mantha[21] | █ New Democratic | Expelled from caucus.[a 4] | █ Independent | ||
Scarborough—Guildwood | May 10, 2023 | Mitzie Hunter[22] | █ Liberal | Resignation from legislature.[a 5] | July 27, 2023 | Andrea Hazell[23] | █ Liberal |
Kitchener Centre | July 13, 2023 | Laura Mae Lindo[24][25] | █ New Democratic | Resignation from legislature.[a 6] | November 30, 2023 | Aislinn Clancy[26] | █ Green |
Mississauga East—Cooksville | September 20, 2023 | Kaleed Rasheed[27] | █ PC | Resignation from caucus.[a 7] | █ Independent | ||
Lambton—Kent—Middlesex | September 22, 2023 | Monte McNaughton[28] | █ PC | Resignation from legislature[a 3] | May 2, 2024 | Steve Pinsonneault | █ PC |
Hamilton Centre | October 23, 2023 | Sarah Jama[29] | █ New Democratic | Expelled from caucus.[a 8] | █ Independent | ||
Milton | January 25, 2024 | Parm Gill[30] | █ PC | Resignation from legislature. [a 9] | May 2, 2024 | Zee Hamid | █ PC |
Carleton | June 28, 2024 | Goldie Ghamari[31] | █ PC | Expelled from caucus. [a 10] | █ Independent |
- ^ to run for Mayor of Hamilton.
- ^ due to allegations that he was involved in the 2019 Canadian Parliament infiltration plot.
- ^ a b as minister and MPP
- ^ over workplace misconduct allegations.
- ^ to run for Mayor of Toronto.
- ^ to accept position at the University of Waterloo
- ^ after contradictory claims were made regarding a Las Vegas business trip.
- ^ over comments made regarding the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
- ^ to run in the next federal election
- ^ after meeting with far-right activist Tommy Robinson
Ridings
[edit]The Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015[32] increased the number of electoral districts from 107 to 122, following the boundaries set out by the federal 2013 Representation Order for Ontario, while preserving the special boundaries of the 11 seats in Northern Ontario set out in the 1996 redistribution.
The Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission, appointed in 2016,[33] recommended the creation of the additional districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay, carved out from the existing Kenora—Rainy River and Timmins—James Bay ridings, which accordingly raised the total number of seats to 124.[34][35] This was implemented through the Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017.[36]
With the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, Ontario has been allotted 1 additional seat in the House of Commons, which could potentially increase the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
Opinion polls
[edit]Polling firm | Last date of polling |
Source | PC | NDP | Liberal | Green | New Blue | Other | Margin of error | Sample size | Polling type | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abacus Data | July 21, 2024 | [p 1] | 44 | 19 | 26 | 7 | — | 4 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 18 |
Liaison Strategies | June 27, 2024 | [p 2] | 39 | 21 | 28 | 7 | — | 5 | ±2.77% | 1,245 | IVR | 11 |
Abacus Data | June 25, 2024 | [p 3] | 41 | 22 | 25 | 8 | — | 4 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 16 |
Pallas Data | June 4, 2024 | [p 4] | 39.4 | 22.6 | 26.5 | 8.3 | — | 3.2 | ±2.9% | 1,136 | IVR | 12.9 |
Abacus Data | May 15, 2024 | [p 5] | 39 | 22 | 26 | 9 | — | 4 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 13 |
Abacus Data | April 16, 2024 | [p 6] | 41 | 21 | 25 | 7 | — | 5 | ±3.1% | 995 | Online | 16 |
Liaison Strategies | April 7, 2024 | [p 7] | 40 | 18 | 30 | 5 | — | 6 | ±2.74% | 1,280 | IVR | 10 |
Abacus Data | March 21, 2024 | [p 8] | 41 | 21 | 27 | 7 | — | 5 | ±2.5% | 1,500 | Online | 14 |
Liaison Strategies | March 9, 2024 | [p 9] | 39 | 21 | 29 | 5 | — | 6 | ±2.74% | 1,283 | IVR | 10 |
Angus Reid | March 6, 2024 | [p 10] | 37 | 25 | 27 | 6 | — | 4 | ±3.0% | 777 | Online | 10 |
Abacus Data | February 21, 2024 | [p 11] | 41 | 19 | 27 | 8 | — | 5 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 14 |
Pallas Data | February 11, 2024 | [p 12] | 34.5 | 21.6 | 31.6 | 7.3 | — | 5.0 | ±2.9% | 1,121 | IVR | 2.9 |
Liaison Strategies | February 3, 2024 | [p 13][p 14] | 38 | 22 | 30 | 5 | — | 5 | ±2.8% | 1,236 | IVR | 8 |
Abacus Data | January 23, 2024 | [p 15] | 38 | 23 | 27 | 5 | — | 6 | ±3.1% | 995 | Online | 11 |
Abacus Data | December 12, 2023 | [p 16] | 39 | 24 | 27 | 6 | — | 4 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 12 |
Mainstreet Research | December 4, 2023 | [p 17] | 36 | 19 | 34 | 6 | — | 5 | ±3.3% | 872 | Smart IVR | 2 |
Bonnie Crombie is elected leader of the Ontario Liberal Party | ||||||||||||
Abacus Data | November 28, 2023 | [p 18] | 42 | 24 | 23 | 7 | — | 4 | ±2.6% | 1,500 | Online | 18 |
Innovative Research | October 30, 2023 | [p 19] | 41 | 26 | 25 | 7 | — | 2 | — | 925 | Online | 15 |
Abacus Data | October 15, 2023 | [p 20] | 40 | 24 | 24 | 7 | — | 5 | ±3.7% | 700 | Online | 16 |
Pallas Data | September 27, 2023 | [p 21][p 22] | 33.4 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 6.7 | — | 5.8 | ±3.2% | 964 | IVR | 6 |
Angus Reid | September 6, 2023 | [p 23] | 38 | 28 | 22 | 7 | — | 5 | — | 656 | Online | 10 |
Abacus Data | September 4, 2023 | [p 24] | 34 | 26 | 28 | 7 | — | 5 | ±2.2% | 2,003 | Online | 6 |
Pallas Data | August 29, 2023 | [p 25] | 37.3 | 25.8 | 26.9 | 5.2 | — | 4.9 | ±3.2% | 940 | IVR | 10.4 |
Abacus Data | August 23, 2023 | [p 26] | 38 | 24 | 25 | 7 | — | 6 | ±3.1% | 1,040 | Online | 13 |
Abacus Data | July 25, 2023 | [p 27] | 41 | 23 | 24 | 7 | — | 5 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 17 |
Mainstreet Research | June 30, 2023 | [p 28][p 29] | 34.7 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 10.7 | — | 4.9 | ±3.1% | 993 | Smart IVR | 9.7 |
Abacus Data | June 11, 2023 | [p 30][p 31] | 36 | 26 | 27 | 6 | — | 4 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 9 |
Counsel Public Affairs | June 8, 2023 | [p 32] | 39 | 23 | 27 | 7 | — | 4 | — | 1,323 | Online | 12 |
Angus Reid | June 3, 2023 | [p 33] | 36 | 27 | 25 | 6 | — | 6 | — | 653 | Online | 9 |
Angus Reid | March 13, 2023 | [p 34] | 38 | 30 | 20 | 6 | — | 6 | ±3% | 861 | Online | 8 |
Abacus Data | March 4, 2023 | [p 35] | 41 | 22 | 28 | 5 | 2 | 2 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 13 |
Mainstreet Research | February 4, 2023 | [p 36] | 36.8 | 19.4 | 23.3 | 11.2 | — | 9.4 | ±2.9% | 1,166 | Smart IVR | 13.5 |
Marit Stiles is declared leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party | ||||||||||||
Angus Reid | December 3, 2022 | [p 37] | 37 | 27 | 25 | 6 | — | 5 | ±3% | 1,058 | Online | 10 |
Mainstreet Research | December 2, 2022 | [p 38] | 37.3 | 25.9 | 24.4 | 6.6 | — | 5.8 | ±2.9% | 1,162 | Smart IVR | 11.4 |
Abacus Data | November 5, 2022 | [p 39] | 38 | 26 | 27 | 5 | 3 | 2 | ±3.1% | 1,000 | Online | 11 |
Steven Del Duca resigns as leader of the Ontario Liberal Party; John Fraser becomes interim leader | ||||||||||||
Andrea Horwath resigns as leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party; Peter Tabuns becomes interim leader | ||||||||||||
EKOS | June 20, 2022 | [p 40][p 41] | 37.5 | 23.3 | 19.2 | 9.8 | 5.2 | 5 | ±2.7% | 1,357 | Online/Telephone | 14.2 |
2022 election | June 2, 2022 | — | 40.82 | 23.74 | 23.85 | 5.96 | 2.72 | 2.90 | — | — | — | 16.97 |
References
[edit]- ^ Ferguson, Rob (October 19, 2016). "Ontario moves election date to June 7, 2018". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (May 27, 2024). "Tory insiders say fear of a Pierre Poilievre victory has Doug Ford considering an early election call". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
- ^ Paikin, Steve (April 15, 2024). "Keep your eyes open for signs of an early election call in Ontario". TVO. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
- ^ D'Mello, Colin (May 27, 2024). "Ontario opposition parties ready for early election call after premier fuels speculation". Global News. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
- ^ "Premier declines to commit to June 2026 Ontario election". CBC News. The Canadian Press. May 24, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (May 28, 2024). "Doug Ford was asked about calling on early election. 'Stay tuned,' he says". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (June 2, 2022). "Doug Ford trounces the competition as Steven Del Duca and Andrea Horwath resign as party leaders". Toronto Star. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ "Ontario NDP names Peter Tabuns interim leader". CBC News. The Canadian Press. June 28, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
- ^ Jackson, Hannah (July 25, 2022). "Ontario Liberal caucus selects John Fraser to serve as party's interim leader". Global News. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
- ^ "Ontario Liberals Announce New Critic Roles". www.ontarioliberal.ca. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
- ^ "It's a done deal: Marit Stiles will win the NDP leadership uncontested | TVO.org". www.tvo.org. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
- ^ "CityNews". toronto.citynews.ca.
- ^ Griffin, Tyler (February 4, 2023). "Ontario NDP officially confirms Marit Stiles as leader by majority vote". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
- ^ "Bonnie Crombie takes aim at Doug Ford after winning Ontario Liberal leadership". The Globe and Mail. December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Moro, Teviah (July 26, 2022). "'I love this city': Former Ontario NDP leader Andrea Horwath enters Hamilton mayoral race". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ Werner, Kevin (August 15, 2022). "Hamilton mayoral candidate Andrea Horwath officially resigns her Hamilton Centre seat Aug. 15". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Hristova, Bobby (March 16, 2023). "NDP's Sarah Jama elected as next MPP for Hamilton Centre". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Stone, Laura (March 10, 2023). "Progressive Conservative MPP Vincent Ke leaves caucus after allegations of election interference". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- ^ "Ontario PC cabinet minister Merrilee Fullerton resigns". CP24. The Canadian Press. March 24, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
- ^ Holder, Gord (July 27, 2023). "Karen McCrimmon wins Kanata-Carleton byelection for Ontario Liberals". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
- ^ The Canadian Press (April 1, 2023). "Michael Mantha removed from Ontario NDP caucus amid workplace investigation". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
- ^ "Toronto mayoral candidate Mitzie Hunter reveals date she'll resign as MPP". thestar.com. May 2, 2023.
- ^ Nakhavoly, Melissa (July 27, 2023). "Liberal victory in Scarborough-Guildwood byelection". CityNews. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
- ^ Maher, Brandon (July 11, 2023). "Lindo steps down as MPP, citing cost of childcare". CityNews 570. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Bueckert, Kate (January 18, 2023). "Kitchener Centre MPP Laura Mae Lindo stepping down to take Ontario university job". CBC News. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Bholla, Cheyenne (November 30, 2023). "Aislinn Clancy wins Kitchener Centre". Waterloo Region Record. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
- ^ "Ontario MPP Kaleed Rasheed resigns from Ford's cabinet following Greenbelt probe". CBC. September 21, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Richmond, Randy (September 22, 2023). "'Rising star' Monte McNaughton, region's top-ranking MPP, quits amid tumult". London Free Press. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
- ^ DeClerq, Katherine (October 23, 2023). "Ontario MPP Sarah Jama censured and removed from NDP caucus over Israel-Gaza comments". CP24. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Crawley, Mike (January 25, 2024). "Ontario PCs' Parm Gill resigns from cabinet to run for Poilievre's Conservatives". CBC News. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ Rushowy, Kristin (June 28, 2024). "Doug Ford removes MPP Goldie Ghamari from caucus after she met with British far-right figure". Toronto Star. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015, S.O. 2015, c. 31
- ^ as a result of the Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2016, S.O. 2016, c. 33, s. 36
- ^ "Report: Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission". August 8, 2017. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (August 8, 2017). "Ontario to get 17 new ridings, including a constituency that is largely Indigenous". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017, S.O. 2017, c. 18
Opinion poll sources
[edit]- ^ "Abacus Data Ontario Poll: LCBO strike seems to have had little impact on Ontario's political opinions. PCs lead Liberals by 18". Abacus Data. July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- ^ Valentin, David (July 2, 2024). "Ontario PCs Lead Liberals by 11 - But Gap Would Narrow if Early Election Called". Liaison Strategies. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ "Abacus Data Ontario Poll: Ford PCs lead by 16 despite increase in disapproval of the provincial government's performance". Abacus Data. June 30, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ "Ontario - Provincial Voting Intentions And Opinions on Alcohol Sales, Early Election, and Strategic Voting" (PDF). Retrieved June 10, 2024.
- ^ "Abacus Data Ontario Poll: Ford PCs lead by 13 over Crombie Liberals". Abacus Data. May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2024.
- ^ "Abacus Data Ontario Poll: Ford PCs ahead of Crombie Liberals by 16". Abacus Data. April 22, 2024. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
- ^ Valentin, David (April 11, 2024). "Ford PCs Lead Liberals by 10, 49% of Ontarians Would Abolish Carbon Tax". Liaison Strategies. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
- ^ "Ford vs. Poilievre: What Ontarians think plus the latest Ontario politics tracker". Abacus Data. March 25, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
- ^ Valentin, David (March 11, 2024). "Ontario PCs Lead Liberals by 10, Ontarians believe Province is Doing Best on Housing". Liaison Strategies. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ "Ontario Spotlight: Budget deficit adds to Ford government's challenges, as criticism on top issues mounts from all sides". Angus Reid Institute. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
- ^ "Doug Ford's Tories are surging at the expense of Marit Stiles' New Democrats, poll suggests". Toronto Star. February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Ontario - Provincial Voting Intentions And Assessment of the Ford Government" (PDF). www.thetrillium.ca. Pallas Data. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
- ^ Valentin, David (February 6, 2024). "Ontario PCs Lead Liberals by 8, No Confidence in the Healthcare system". Liaison Strategies. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ Wilson, Codi (February 6, 2024). "Ford's PC Party has eight-point lead over Liberals but Crombie gaining ground in some areas: poll". CTV News Toronto. Bell Media. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ^ "Doug Ford's Tories are ahead, but ominous signs are on the horizon, poll suggests". Toronto Star. January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
- ^ "Bonnie Crombie is exposing vulnerabilities in Doug Ford's Tories, poll suggests". Toronto Star. December 18, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Martin, Robert (December 5, 2023). "Mainstreet Ontario, December 2023 Public". Mainstreet Research. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
- ^ Coletto, David (December 1, 2023). "As the Ontario Liberals prepare to announce new leader, Ford PCs open up an 18-point lead over the NDP". Abacus Data. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ "Canada This Month: Greenbelt Controversy" (PDF). Innovative Research Group. November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- ^ Coletto, David (October 18, 2023). "Ontario PCs rebound despite RCMP investigation starting". Abacus Data. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ "Provincial Voting Intentions and Ontarians' Opinions on Ontario Liberal Leadership Candidates" (PDF). Village Media. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ^ Smith Cross, Jessica (October 2, 2023). "Support for Doug Ford's PCs nears all-time low, poll finds". The Trillium. Village Media. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ^ "Greenbelt Grief: Ford's personal approval drops to five-year low, but voters still prefer PCPO to opposition options". www.angusreid.org. September 8, 2023.
- ^ Coletto, David (September 6, 2023). "Ford's PCs down 7-points since the end of July as the Greenbelt scandal bites". Abacus Data. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- ^ "Provincial Voting Intentions and Ontarians' Attitudes About Greenbelt Development" (PDF). Village Media. Pallas Data. August 30, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ^ Coletto, David (August 25, 2023). "Has the Greenbelt scandal hurt the Ford PCs in Ontario?". Abacus Data. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (July 26, 2023). "A bad sign for Doug Ford's future? Majority of Ontarians think his decisions benefit 'friends and supporters,' poll finds". Toronto Star. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
- ^ Fric, Curtis (July 6, 2023). "Ontario Provincial, July 2023 Public". Mainstreet Research. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ "Latest Ontario Polling From Mainstreet!". Twitter. Mainstreet Research. July 6, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ Benzie, Robert (June 12, 2023). "A front-runner has emerged in the Liberal leadership race, poll finds". Toronto Star. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
- ^ Coletto, David (June 13, 2023). "Ford PCs ahead by 9 as Ontario Liberal leadership race kicks off: Abacus Data Poll". Abacus Data. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
- ^ Nanji, Sabrina (July 20, 2023). "Exclusive: Crombie is tops, Ford is Teflon". Queen's Park Observer. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ "Provincial Performance: B.C. & Ontario governments face immense, growing criticism over handling of key issues" (PDF). www.angusreid.org.
- ^ "Ontario Spotlight: NDP under Marit Stiles opens up gap over Liberals, but new leader still relatively unknown" (PDF). www.angusreid.org.
- ^ "Ontario Politics: PCs lead by 13 as the public reacts to the story about the Ford family stag-and-doe and wedding". abacusdata.ca. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
- ^ "Mainstreet Research Survey - Ontario" (PDF). ipolitics.ca. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
- ^ "Angus Reid Ontario Spotlight: Ford government frozen out over key issues of inflation, health care, education". angusreid.org. December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
- ^ "Mainstreet Research Survey - Ontario" (PDF). ipolitics.ca. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
- ^ "Abacus Data | Ford vs. Education Workers: How are Ontarians reacting?". abacusdata.ca. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ "The 2022 Ontario Election in Review". Ekos Politics. June 27, 2022.
- ^ "Ekos Data Tables" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2022.