Kolopom languages
| Kolopom | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Kolepom Island, South Papua |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | kolo1268 |
 Map: The Kolopom languages of New Guinea
The Kolopom languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Kolopom languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Kolepom Island (Yos Sudarso Island) in South Papua, Indonesia.
Languages
[edit]The Kolopom languages are:[1]
Proto-language
[edit]Phonemes
[edit]Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[1]
*m *n *p *t *s *k *mb *nd *ndz *ŋg [*w] [*r] [*j] [*ɣ]
*i *u *e *ɵ *o *æ *a
Pronouns
[edit]Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]
sg pl 1 *n[a/o] *nie 2 *K[a/o] (?) *ŋgie 3 *ep *emDe
Basic vocabulary
[edit]Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss Proto-Kolopom head *tipV; *mVrV[w] hair/feathers *muen[a] ear/mind ? *mVrVk; *[ndz][o/u]an eye *VnV nose *ŋgon tooth *t[e]r[a]k tongue *mepreŋg blood *iendz breast/milk *mam louse *nemeŋg dog *n[ia] pig *k[o/u][a] egg *uak tree/wood *nd[ua]t man/person *ndz[ia]p woman/wife *jowa[k] moon *kumbanV water *ndzu stone *mete name *n[e/a][k/ŋg] two *[j]enapa; *sVp
Cognates
[edit]Cognates among Kolopom languages listed by Evans (2018):[2]
Kolopom family cognates gloss Kimaghama Riantana Ndom Marori stone mɛtɛ mɛtoe mɛtə mɛrɛ / mara cheek cama cəma – sama name nɛ na nar neɣ / naw rope niɛ na nɛɣ naʒ
Vocabulary comparison
[edit]The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)[3] and Voorhoeve (1975),[4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. mete, meːt, metö for “stone”) or not (e.g. tuakwo, reːt, modo for “head”).
gloss Kimaghima Ndom Riantana head tuakwo reːt modo hair muna tomwen rutivö eye avuo ununor anömbö tooth travae trex tudömbo leg kura tur teː louse nöme neːmön nöme dog nöe wawant nia pig ku yar ku bird axanemö nembörfe ne egg wo wax winömbana blood dörö eth yerana bone duno in nduka skin krara krikir kwika tree do ndör; ndua ndör; ndua man ci xarefe theref rianoana sun öre wen meːnoŋwa water cu wer rö fire i u drö stone mete meːt metö name ne nar ria eat muye xot mora one növere sas meːbö two kave thef enava
Evolution
[edit]Kolopom reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[6]
- kura ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ndok[V]
- nome ‘louse’ < *niman
- nanu ‘older sibling’ < *nana(i)
- mu ‘breast’ < *amu
- modo ‘head’ < *mVtVna
- nome ‘louse’ < *niman
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d New Guinea World, Kolopom
- ^ Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641–774. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
External links
[edit]
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Kolopom