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July 1911

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The following events occurred in July 1911:

July 24, 1911: Hiram Bingham "rediscovers" Machu Picchu
Peru's Machu Picchu revealed to the rest of the world
July 3, 1911: German warship Panther brings invasion force to Morocco

July 1, 1911 (Saturday)[edit]

July 2, 1911 (Sunday)[edit]

July 3, 1911 (Monday)[edit]

  • The British strike of seamen ended, with the strikers winning most of their demands.[9]
  • Two days after it was dispatched to French Morocco by Germany, the gunboat SMS Panther anchored off of the coast of Agadir.[10]
  • The United States Senate voted 55-28 in favor of a resolution holding that the election of Senator William Lorimer of Illinois had been invalid, effectively removing him from office.[11]
  • Turk Yurdu Cemiyet, the Association of the Turkish Homeland, was founded by Turkish supremacist Yusuf Akçura, Mehmed Emin and Ahmen Agaoglu.[12]

July 4, 1911 (Tuesday)[edit]

July 5, 1911 (Wednesday)[edit]

July 6, 1911 (Thursday)[edit]

  • Charles Flint acquired nearly all of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (which later became IBM), buying out Herman Hollerith for $1,210,500. For the next 10 years, Hollerith retained control of design changes in the CTR tabulating machines and stifled the growth of the company.[18]
  • Publisher Charles Curtis debuted a new version of the farmers' magazine Country Gentleman, whose circulation had declined to only 2,000 paying subscribers at the time of acquisition. Within 30 years, he had increased the number of subscribers to 2,000,000. The magazine was discontinued in 1955 after being sold to the Farm Journal.[19]
  • An arbitration treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom was signed.[5]
The Devil's Postpile, rescued from destruction

July 7, 1911 (Friday)[edit]

July 8, 1911 (Saturday)[edit]

  • The city of Burbank, California, with 500 residents, was incorporated. One century later, its population was over 100,000.[23]
  • U.S. Vice President James S. Sherman, in his capacity as President of the U.S. Senate, broke a long-standing tradition in Congress of using only hand fans for cooling, by bringing the first electric fan to the Senate Chamber. The same day, other members of Congress followed suit.[24]
  • Died: Ira Erastus Davenport, 72, American spiritualist and magician.[citation needed]

July 9, 1911 (Sunday)[edit]

July 10, 1911 (Monday)[edit]

  • In arbitration by King George V, Chile was ordered to pay $935,000 to the United States Alsop firm. Alsop had demanded $3,000,000 with interest; the $935K was paid on November 13.[25]
  • The Royal Australian Navy was bestowed its name by King George V, having previously been the "Commonwealth Naval Forces."[26]
  • Troops from Peru, arriving on the launch Loreto and backed up by the gunboat America, arrived at the settlement of La Pedrera, established by Colombia on disputed territory on the Apaporis, a tributary of the Amazon River. Peruvian Lt. Col. Oscar Benavides gave the Colombians an ultimatum to abandon the outpost. After a battle of two days, the Colombians surrendered, and agreements on July 15 and July 19 ended the fighting.[27]

July 11, 1911 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • The Federal Express, a passenger train on the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad running the Boston to Washington route, jumped the track at Bridgeport at 3:35 am, killing 14 people and injured 42 more.[9]
  • France's Chamber of Deputies voted 476-77 to postpone further discussion of the Moroccan problem.[5]
  • The mining settlement of South Porcupine, Ontario was destroyed by forest fires that swept across the province. Forest fires had broken out across Northern Ontario, and over four days, they would kill 400 or more people.[28][29]

July 12, 1911 (Wednesday)[edit]

July 13, 1911 (Thursday)[edit]

July 14, 1911 (Friday)[edit]

July 15, 1911 (Saturday)[edit]

July 16, 1911 (Sunday)[edit]

July 17, 1911 (Monday)[edit]

July 18, 1911 (Tuesday)[edit]

July 19, 1911 (Wednesday)[edit]

July 20, 1911 (Thursday)[edit]

July 21, 1911 (Friday)[edit]

July 22, 1911 (Saturday)[edit]

  • The U.S. Senate passed the Canadian Reciprocity Bill, 53-27.[52]
  • Voters in Texas defeated a referendum proposing the prohibition of the sale of liquor, 234,000 to 228,000.[50]
  • After returning to Persia with the help of the Russian Empire, former Shah Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar entered Astrabad (now Gorgan, Iran), where he was welcomed by residents eager to restore him to the throne.[53]

July 23, 1911 (Sunday)[edit]

July 24, 1911 (Monday)[edit]

July 25, 1911 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • The cause of action in the landmark case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. happened near Saratoga Springs, New York, when Donald MacPherson was severely injured when the wooden spokes of the left rear wheel of his Buick Model 10 automobile collapsed, throwing the car into a telephone pole and throwing him under the car's rear axle. MacPherson's suit led to an opinion from New York State's highest court that created product liability as a tortious action. Written by Benjamin Cardozo, later a justice of the United States Supreme Court, the reasoning of the 1916 decision was adopted by other states and "initiated the modern concept of consumer protection."[61]
  • Bobby Leach became the second person (after Annie Edson Taylor), and the first man, to ride over Niagara Falls in a barrel and survive.[62] Leach, who survived a 17-story plunge over a waterfall, would later suffer a fatal injury from slipping on an orange peel.[63][64]

July 26, 1911 (Wednesday)[edit]

July 27, 1911 (Thursday)[edit]

July 28, 1911 (Friday)[edit]

  • General Joseph Joffre was installed as the first Chief of the General Staff of the Army of France, a position that had been created to remedy the lack of a peacetime commander-in-chief of the Army.[73]
  • Paul Geidel, a 17-year old bellboy at the Iroquois Hotel in New York City, was arrested after killing an elderly stockbroker, William Henry Jackson, who was a guest.[74] Geidel would remain in prison for more than 68 years, finally being released at the age of 86 from the Fishkill Correctional Facility in Beacon, New York on May 7, 1980.[75] His incarceration remains the longest-ever time served by an American inmate.[76]
  • At the age of seven months, future French novelist Jean Genet was left by his mother at the Bureau d'Abandon de l'Hospice des Enfants-Assistes in Paris, to become a ward of the state, and was placed with a foster family the next day.[77]
  • Haitian troops defeated rebels in a battle at Les Cayes.[50]
  • Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier announced a plan of cooperation between Canada and the navies of Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand.[50]
  • The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora departed London.[78]

July 29, 1911 (Saturday)[edit]

  • Parliament was dissolved in Canada after continued obstruction to the reciprocity bill with the United States, with an election set for September 21.[79] The Conservative Party, led by Robert Borden and opposing reciprocity, would win a majority in the next election.[citation needed]
  • A bounty of $100,000 (33,000 pounds) for the capture or killing of the ex-Shah was set by the Persian government.[80]
  • Born: Ján Cikker, Slovak classical composer; in Besztercebánya, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) (d. 1989).[citation needed]

July 30, 1911 (Sunday)[edit]

  • Author Henry James, who had been born in New York City, left the United States for the last time. James, who had alternated between Europe and North America as his residence, would become a British citizen prior to his death in 1916.[81]

July 31, 1911 (Monday)[edit]

  • General Motors went public, becoming the first automobile company to list its stock for sale on the New York Stock Exchange.[82]
  • Russia's ambassador to Persia demanded the resignation of Treasurer General W. Morgan Shuster, an American businessman who had been hired by the Iranian parliament to manage the nation's finances. Germany's minister made a similar demand the next day.[50]
  • Standard Oil announced its plans for breaking up the monopoly by November.[50]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Raymond Poincare, The Origins of the War (Cassell and Company, 1922). p. 76.
  2. ^ Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II: Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941 (UNC Press Books, 1996) p. 162.
  3. ^ Vesna Danilović, When the Stakes Are High: Deterrence and Conflict Among Major Powers (University of Michigan Press, 2002). pp. 191-192.
  4. ^ John McCain with Mark Salter, Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them (Hachette Digital, Inc., 2007).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1913). p. xi.
  6. ^ Oded Lipschitz and Joseph Blenkinsopp, Judah and the Judeans in the neo-Babylonian period (Eisenbrauns, 2003). p. 453.
  7. ^ Jeffrey Veidlinger, Jewish public culture in the late Russian empire (Indiana University Press, 2009). p. 135-136.
  8. ^ Inge, M. Thomas (1990). Comics as Culture. University Press of Mississippi. p. 45.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Record of Current Events". The American Monthly Review of Reviews: 161–164. August 1911.
  10. ^ Alfred Hoyt Granger,England's World Empire: Some Reflections Upon Its Growth and Policy (Open Court Publishing, 1916). p. 126.
  11. ^ David Kenney and Robert E. Hartley, An Uncertain Tradition: U.S. Senators from Illinois, 1818-2003 (SIU Press, 2003). p. 101.
  12. ^ Raymond Kévorkian, The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History (I.B.Tauris, 2011). p. 131.
  13. ^ Rick Swaine, The Integration of Major League Baseball: a Team by Team History (McFarland, 2009). p. 15.
  14. ^ "Heat Wave Halts Work in Chicago", New York Times, July 5, 1911.
  15. ^ "Fifty-One Killed by Heat in Chicago". New York Times, July 4, 1911.
  16. ^ "Lords Pass Amendment". New York Times, July 6, 1911.
  17. ^ "511 Deaths Since July 1 Due to Heat". Milwaukee Sentinel. July 6, 1911. p. 1.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead link]
  18. ^ Maney, Kevin (2004). The Maverick and His Machine: Thomas Watson, Sr. and the Making of IBM. John Wiley and Sons. p. 49.
  19. ^ Hallett, Anthony; Hallett, Diane (1997). The Entrepreneur Magazine Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurs. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 143–144.
  20. ^ Hillinger, Charles (July 10, 1977). "Frozen Pillars of Stone Were Almost a Dam". Los Angeles Times. p. 3.
  21. ^ Shigeru Oda, International control of sea resources (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989). p. 76.
  22. ^ "Seal Treaty Signed". New York Times, July 8, 1911.
  23. ^ "Burbank Chamber of Commerce". Archived from the original on 2009-01-10. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
  24. ^ "Electric Fans in Senate". New York Times, July 9, 1911.
  25. ^ "Chile", Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 6), (1918).
  26. ^ John Connor, Anzac and Empire: George Foster Pearce and the Foundations of Australian Defence (Cambridge University Press, 2011). p. 39.
  27. ^ Robert L. Scheina, Latin America's Wars: The age of the professional soldier, 1900-2001 (Brassey's, 2003). pp. 107-108.
  28. ^ "Hundreds Dead in Big Forest Fire". Milwaukee Sentinel. July 13, 1911. p. 1.[dead link]
  29. ^ "Hundreds Die in Forest Fires". New York Times, July 13, 1911.
  30. ^ Russell Roberts, Stolen!: A History of Base Stealing (McFarland, 1999). p. 49.
  31. ^ "Athletics Lose Batting Eyes", New York Times, July 13, 1911.
  32. ^ "Wales Acclaims Its Young prince". New York Times, July 14, 1911, p. 5.
  33. ^ Sir Bernard Burke and Ashworth F. Burke, General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (Burke's Peerage Limited, 1914). p. 16.
  34. ^ Robert Shadle, Historical Dictionary of the British Empire (Volume 1)(Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996). p. 61.
  35. ^ Alexander McAdie, The Principles of Aërography (Rand McNally & Company, 1917). p. 214.
  36. ^ Julie Mooney, Ripley's Believe It Or Not! Encyclopedia Of The Bizarre: Amazing, Strange, Inexplicable, Weird And All True! (Black Dog Publishing, 2004). p. 208.
  37. ^ "Taft Greets Atwood after Rainy Flight". New York Times, July 15, 1911.
  38. ^ Vesna Danilović, When the Stakes Are High: Deterrence and Conflict Among Major Powers (University of Michigan Press, 2002) pp. 191-192.
  39. ^ Quincy Howe, A World History of Our Own Times from the Turn of the Century to the 1918 Armistice (READ Books, 2007). p. 354.
  40. ^ "Twenty-One Killed in Mine Explosion", New York Times, July 17, 1911.
  41. ^ Taner Akçam, A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility (Macmillan, 2007). pp. 97-98.
  42. ^ "Center in Unionville, Ind. - Census Bureau Announces Population's Middle Point Has Moved Faster Last Decade". Milwaukee Sentinel. July 18, 1911.[dead link]
  43. ^ "Around-the-World Records", Encyclopedia Americana (1918), Vol. 2, p. 324.
  44. ^ Guive Mirfendereski, A Diplomatic History of the Caspian Sea: Treaties, Diaries, and Other Stories (Palgrave Macmillan, 2001). p. 88.
  45. ^ "Pittsburgh Is Spelled With 'H'- So Decides United States Geographic Board in Deciding Controversy", Pittsburgh Gazette Times. July 22, 1911, p. 1.
  46. ^ "Major Feats in the Minors", by George Vass, Baseball Digest (September 2003). p. 50.
  47. ^ "Makes Triple Play Unassisted". New York Times, July 21, 1911.
  48. ^ Barbara W. Tuchman, The Guns of August (Macmillan, 1962). p. 60.
  49. ^ "Entente Cordiale", in Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: A to F (Taylor & Francis, 2003). p. 631.
  50. ^ a b c d e f "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (September 1911). pp. 161–164.
  51. ^ John McCain with Mark Salter, Hard Call: Great Eecisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them (Hachette Digital, Inc., 2007).
  52. ^ "Reciprocity Passes Senate, 53 to 27", New York Times, July 23, 1911.
  53. ^ "Persians Welcome Ex-Shah", New York Times, July 23, 1911.
  54. ^ Urgunge Onon and Derrick Pritchatt, Asia's first modern revolution: Mongolia Proclaims Its Independence in 1911 (Brill, 1989). pp. 6-7.
  55. ^ Burger, Richard L.; Salazar, Lucy C. (2004). Machu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas. Yale University Press. p. 33.
  56. ^ Heaney, Christopher (2010). Cradle of Gold: the Story of Hiram Bingham, a Real-life Indiana Jones, and the Search for Machu Picchu. Macmillan.
  57. ^ Playne, Somerset (2004). Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources. Asian Educational Services. p. 215.
  58. ^ "Ultimatum by Laurier". The New York Times. July 25, 1911.
  59. ^ Schneider, Russell (2004). The Cleveland Indians Encyclopedia. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 391.
  60. ^ "Chester's Fast Speed". The New York Times. July 28, 1911.
  61. ^ John W. Johnson, ed., Historic U.S. Court Cases (Taylor & Francis US, 2001), p. 521.
  62. ^ "Goes over Niagara in Barrel and Lives". New York Times, July 26, 1911.
  63. ^ "Achilles Heel Is Reached by Orange Peel". Sheboygan (WI) Press, February 27, 1926, p. 1.
  64. ^ "Bobby Leach, Who Defied Niagara Falls, is Killed by Piece of Orange Peel". Winnipeg Free Press, April 30, 1926, p. 1.
  65. ^ "Panama Exposition Site". New York Times, July 27, 1911.
  66. ^ "President Signs Reciprocity Bill". New York Times, July 27, 1911.
  67. ^ New York Times, July 28, 1911.
  68. ^ Peter Pigott, Sailing Seven Seas: A History of the Canadian Pacific Line (Dundurn Press Ltd., 2010). p. 42.
  69. ^ Colin Grant, Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey (Oxford University Press US, 2008).
  70. ^ "Balloonist Falls to Death", New York Times, July 27, 1911; David A. Belden, Will County (Arcadia Publishing, 2009). p. 40.
  71. ^ Douglas Porch, The March to the Marne: The French Army 1871-1914 (Cambridge University Press, 2003). p. 177.
  72. ^ James F. Muench, Five Stars: Missouri's Most Famous Generals (University of Missouri Press, 2006). p. 107.
  73. ^ Michael A. Palmer, The German Wars: A Concise History, 1859-1945 (Zenith Imprint, 2010). p. 81.
  74. ^ "Young Cigarette Fiend Murderer of Rich Broker". Akron O. Beacon Journal, July 28, 1911, p. 1.
  75. ^ "Man goes free after 68 years, 7 months in jail". AP report in St. Cloud (MN) Daily Times, May 9, 1980, p. 1.
  76. ^ Matt DeLisi and Peter J. Conis, American Corrections: Theory, Research, Policy, and Practice (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011). p. 100.
  77. ^ Edmund White, Genet: A Biography (Random House, 1994).
  78. ^ Bryan, R. (2011). Ordeal by Ice: Ships of the Antarctic. Dobbs Ferry: Sheridan House. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-57409-312-4.
  79. ^ "Canada Parliament Promptly Dissolved". New York Times, July 30, 1911.
  80. ^ "$100,000 for Ex-Shah's Head". New York Times, July 30, 1911.
  81. ^ Eric L. Haralson and Kendall Johnson, Critical Companion to Henry James: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work (Infobase Publishing, 2009). p. 13.
  82. ^ James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (MIT Press, 1998). p. 65.