List of sovereign states in the 1870s
Appearance
This is a list of sovereign states in the 1870s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1870 and 31 December 1879. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
[edit]Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
---|---|---|
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A[edit] | ||
| ||
Abuja – Abuja Emirate Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Kabul |
Widely recognized independent state to 24 May 1879. De-jure British protected state from 24 May 1879. | |
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Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[1] Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain. | |
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Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[3] Capital: Angoche | ||
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Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Annam – Empire of Annam Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary. | |
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Anziku – Anziku Kingdom (to 1875) Capital: Monsol |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Annexed by France in 1875. | |
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Capital: Buenos Aires | ||
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Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Aussa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized state. | |
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B[edit] | ||
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Capital: Karlsruhe |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
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Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi[10] Capital: Massenya |
Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. | |
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Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali. | |
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Baol – Kingdom of Baol[11] Capital: Diourbel |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Mongu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Munich |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
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Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized state. Belgium has sovereignty over 1 condominium:
| |
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Capital: Kalâa of Ait Abbas |
Widely recognized state to 1872. Annexed by France in 1872. | |
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Capital: Edo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Punakha |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Biu – Biu Kingdom Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Nunue, Vaitape |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Ngazargamu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Brakna – Brakna Emirate Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Rio de Janeiro |
Brazil was a federation of 20 states and one federal district.[a] | |
| ||
Capital: Kampong Ayer |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Mengo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Sofia |
De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. | |
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Capital: Bukhara |
Widely recognized state to 1873. Annexed by Russia in 1873. | |
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Capital: Tanjung Palas |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Sulu. | |
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Capital: Hoima |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Mandalay |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi Capital: Gitega |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Bugembe |
Widely recognized state. | |
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C[edit] | ||
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Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm. | |
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Capital: Mboul |
Widely recognized state to 1879. Incorporated to French West Africa in 1879. | |
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Capital: Champasak |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. | |
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Capital: Santiago |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Beijing |
Widely recognized state. China had sovereignty over the following territories:
| |
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Capital: Bogota |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: San Jose |
Widely recognized state. | |
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D[edit] | ||
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Dagbon – Kingdom of Dagbon Capital: Yendi |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Abomey |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state. Tributary state of China. | |
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Damagaram – Sultanate of Damagaram Capital: Zinder |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[23] Capital: N'Délé |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga. | |
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Capital: Al Fashir |
Widely recognized state to 1874. Conquered by Mahdist Sudan in 1874 | |
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Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
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Capital: Dhale |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Dosso – Dosso Kingdom Capital: Dosso |
Widely recognized state. | |
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E[edit] | ||
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Capital: Quito |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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F[edit] | ||
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Capital: Shuqrah |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Fante – Fante Confederacy (to 1874) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1874. Incorporated into the Gold Coast in 1874. | |
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Capital: Paris
|
Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
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Capital: Timbo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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G[edit] | ||
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Garo – Kingdom of Garo Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Gaza – Gaza Empire[25] Capital: Manjacaze |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Gera – Kingdom of Gera Capital: Chala |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized state from 18 January 1871. The German Empire consisted of 25 constituent states and an imperial territory. | |
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Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma Capital: Agaro |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Jongaya |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman Capital: Sampa, Drobo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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H[edit] | ||
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Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Ge |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Client state of the Khedivate of Egypt from 1875. | |
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Capital: Honolulu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Darmstadt |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. State of the North German Confederation to 18 January 1871. Became part of the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
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Capital: Hobyo |
Widely recognized state from 1878. | |
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Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Huahine |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Baltit |
Widely recognized state. | |
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I[edit] | ||
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Igala – Igala Kingdom[24] Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Hargeisa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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J[edit] | ||
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Capital: Tokyo City |
Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
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Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma Capital: Jiren |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Jolof – Jolof Kingdom Capital: Ouarkhokh |
Widely recognized state. | |
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K[edit] | ||
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Kaarta – Kingdom of Kaarta Capital: Diangounté, Nioros |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (to 12 October 1879) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 12 October 1879. | |
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Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kajara – Kajara Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Kinguele |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Kalat |
Widely recognized state to 1875. Incorporated to British India in 1875. | |
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Capital: Takai |
Widely recognized state. Vassal of the Sokoto Caliphate | |
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Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Seiyun |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate Capital: Argungu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom Capital: Sikasso |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso Capital: Médine |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Khiva |
Widely recognized state to 12 August 1873. Annexed by Russia in 12 August 1873. | |
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Kokand – Khanate of Kokand (to 19 February 1876) Capital: Kokand |
Widely recognized state to 19 February 1876. | |
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Kong – Kong Empire Capital: Kong |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Mbanza-Kongo |
Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
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Capital: Seoul |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya Capital: Grand Cape Mount |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kuba – Kingdom of Kuba Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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L[edit] | ||
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Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom Capital: Lafia |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Monrovia |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Vaduz |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Capital: Saqqa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Buali |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Jaʿār |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Luba – Luba Empire Capital: Mwibele |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Lunda – Luba Empire Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Luxembourg City |
Widely recognized state. | |
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M[edit] | ||
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Capital: Kuta Watu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Mahra – Sultanate of Mahra Capital: Qishn |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Alula |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Malé |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Mangareva |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur Capital: Imphal |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi Capital: Manthimba |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom Capital: Bulawayo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Antananarivo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Mexico City
|
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Monaco |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Cetinje |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Fes |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire Capital: Multiple capitals |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire: | |
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Mthwakazi – Kingdom of Mthwakazi Capital: Bulawayo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Muscat |
De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. | |
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Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
N[edit] | ||
| ||
Capital: Seremban |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Riyadh |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Kathmandu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Amsterdam |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Managua |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized state to 18 January 1871. Incorporated to the German Empire on 18 January 1871. | |
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Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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O[edit] | ||
| ||
Obwera – Obwera Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom Capital: Onitsha |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Capital: Bloemfontein |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Oron – Oron Nation Capital: Oron |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu (to 1873)[27] Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1873. Annexed by France in 1873. | |
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Capital: Constantinople |
Widely recognized state. The following are autonomous territories of the Ottoman Empire: | |
| ||
Oyo – Oyo Empire Capital: Oyo-Ile |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
P[edit] | ||
| ||
Capital: Pekan |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Kingdom of Italy on 20 September 1870. | |
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Capital: Asunción |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Pate – Pate Sultanate (to 1870) Capital: Faza |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Patani |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Ipoh |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 20 January 1874. | |
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Capital: Tehran |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Lima
|
Widely recognized state to 2 November 1879. De facto independent state from 2 November 1879. | |
| ||
Capital: Lisbon |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:
| |
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Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate Capital: Potiskum |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Q[edit] | ||
| ||
Capital: Al-Shihr |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
R[edit] | ||
| ||
Capital: Uturoa |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Anakena |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Anakena |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Bucharest |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Saint Petersburg |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda Capital: Nyanza |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
States claiming sovereignty[edit] | ||
Capital: Kutaraja |
Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. | |
| ||
Capital: Batoche |
Unrecognized state, Provisional Government. Claimed by the Dominion of Canada. | |
| ||
Capital: Cartagena |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
| ||
Capital: Havana |
Unrecognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Suva |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the United Kingdom on 10 October 1874. | |
| ||
Goust – Republic of Goust Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Málaga |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
| ||
Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the French Republic. | |
| ||
Capital: Málaga |
Unrecognized state. Self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks. | |
| ||
Capital: Valencia |
Unrecognized state. Claimed by the First Spanish Republic. | |
| ||
Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | |
| ||
Capital: Kashgar |
Unrecognized state. Vassal of the Ottoman Empire from 1873 to 18 December 1877. | |
|
R
[edit]Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū (to March 13, 1879)
S
[edit]- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
→
Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
Serbia – Principality of Serbia (from 1878)
Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
South African Republic → Transvaal
→
→
Spain
- Kingdom of Spain (to February 11, 1873)
- Spanish Republic (from February 11, 1873, to December 29, 1874)
- Kingdom of Spain (from December 29, 1874)
→
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
T
[edit]Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
- Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
Toro – Toro Kingdom (to 1876)
- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
- Tuggurt – Sultanate of Tuggurt
U
[edit]United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
→
United States – United States of America
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
V
[edit]W
[edit]- Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire (from 1878)
- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg (to January 18, 1871)
Y
[edit]Z
[edit]Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus
States claiming sovereignty
[edit]Griqualand East (to 1874)
- Manitobah – Republic of Manitobah
Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Notes
[edit]- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Federal District: Federal District.
References
[edit]- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. November 3, 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Argentina". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
- ^ "Asante empire". Britannica. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^ Thesiger, Wilfred (1935). "The Awash River and the Aussa Sultanate". The Geographical Journal. 85 (1): 1–19. Bibcode:1935GeogJ..85....1T. doi:10.2307/1787031. JSTOR 1787031.
- ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baden, Grand Duchy of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
- ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Belgium". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
- ^ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018). "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)". Benin Studies. Routledge. pp. 76–128. doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4. ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4. S2CID 159119713. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
- ^ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ Golden, Peter B. (2011). Central Asia in World History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
- ^ Ni, Lee Bih (2013). Brief History of Myanmar and Thailand. Universiti Malaysi Sabah. p. 7. ISBN 9781229124791.
- ^ Murdoch, John B. (1974). "The 1901-1902 Holy Man's Rebellion" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol.62.1 (digital image). Siam Heritage Trust: 2–9. Archived from the original (free) on July 13, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Furthest afield were Vientiane and Bassac....
- ^ "República Liberal - Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile". memoriachilena.gob.cl.
- ^ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
- ^ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.
- ^ a b Aitchison, G (1931). A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries. Vol. xi. Government of India. pp. 7–9.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 544–545.
- ^ Heinl, Robert (1996). Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995. Lantham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 791.
- ^ Gates, Henry Louis & Kwame Anthony Appiah (1999). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York City: Basic Civitas Books. pp. 2095 Pages. ISBN 0-465-00071-1.
- ^ Koch, Margaret L. (1977). "Patani and the Development of A Thai State". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 50 (2 (232)): 69–88. JSTOR 41492172.
- ^ McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). "10: Southeast Yemen". Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 191–198. ISBN 978-1-8416-2212-5.