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'{{Multiple issues| {{peacock|date=July 2015}} {{More footnotes|date=March 2018}} }} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}} {{Infobox military person | name = David Hackworth | image = David Hackworth.JPG | caption = Hackworth in [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]], December 1995 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|11|11}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|5|4|1930|11|11}} | birth_place = Ocean Park, California, U.S.<br />(now [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]], U.S.) | death_place = [[Tijuana]], Mexico | placeofburial = [[Arlington National Cemetery]] | nickname = "Hack" | allegiance = United States of America | branch = [[United States Merchant Marine]]<br/>[[United States Army]] | serviceyears = 1945–1971 | rank = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] | unit = [[88th Infantry Division (United States)|88th Infantry Division]]<br />[[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]]<br />[[40th Infantry Division (United States)|40th Infantry Division]]<br />[[101st Airborne Division (United States)|101st Airborne Division]]<br />[[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]] | commands = [[Tiger Force]]<br />4th Battalion, [[39th Infantry Regiment (United States)|39th Infantry Regiment]] | battles = [[World War II]]<br>[[Korean War]]<br>[[Vietnam War]] | awards = [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (2)<br />[[Silver Star]] (10)<br />[[Legion of Merit]] (4)<br />[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br />[[Bronze Star Medal]] (8) with [["V" Device|"V"]]<br />[[Purple Heart]] (8)<br />[[Air Medal]] (34) with [["V" Device|"V"]]<br />[[Army Commendation Medal]] (4) with [["V" Device|"V"]]<br />... | relations = | laterwork = Author, journalist and restaurateur }} '''David Haskell Hackworth''' (November 11, 1930 – May 4, 2005) also known as '''Hack''', was a prominent [[journalist|military journalist]] and a former [[United States Army]] colonel who was decorated in both the [[Korean War]] and [[Vietnam War]]. Hackworth is known for his role in the creation and command of [[Tiger Force]], a military unit which was formed in [[South Vietnam]] to apply [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics against [[Viet Cong]] guerrilla fighters. Hackworth is also known for his accusation in 1996 of the improper wearing of two unauthorized [[service ribbon]] devices denoting valor in combat by the [[Chief of Naval Operations]], Admiral [[Jeremy Michael Boorda|Mike Boorda]], on two of his uniform's awards. Although Boorda had served off the coast of [[Vietnam]] in the 1960s and believed he was authorized to wear the two wartime decorations for meritorious service, he did not meet the Navy's requirements. Boorda committed suicide during Hackworth's investigation. ==Early life and education== Hackworth was born in Ocean Park, California (now part of [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]]), on November 11, 1930, the son of Leroy E. Hackworth and Lorette (Kensly) Hackworth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |title=Dave Haskell Hackworth in the U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 |date=May 4, 2005 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com, LLC |location=Provo, UT |access-date=December 6, 2017 |subscription=yes}}</ref> His parents both died before he was a year old, and his brother, sister, and he were raised by Ida Stedman, their paternal grandmother. The family had to rely on government aid during the [[Great Depression]], and his grandmother, who had been married to a [[Colorado]] gold miner, brought them up on tales of her [[Old West]] experiences and her [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]] ancestors. While attending school in Santa Monica, Hackworth and a friend earned money by shining the shoes of soldiers stationed at bases in the area. Imbued with a sense of adventure, at age 14, Hackworth lied about his age and paid a transient to pose as his father so he could claim to be old enough to join the [[United States Merchant Marine|Merchant Marine]] with parental consent. ==Military career== Hackworth served aboard ship in the [[South Pacific Ocean]] as a member of the Merchant Marine in 1945, at the end of [[World War II]].<ref name=Lieberman>{{cite book |last=Lieberman |first=Joseph, Senator |date=May 26, 2005 |title=Congressional Record: Remarks on the Death of Colonel David Hackworth |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=vWBxXUEZ13EC&pg=PA1273&lpg=PA1273 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |page=11535}}</ref> He returned home to California, but decided to join the [[United States Army]], and in 1946, he used his false Merchant Marine documents to enlist for three years.<ref name="Lieberman"/> After completing his initial training, he was assigned to postwar occupation duty as a rifleman in the [[351st Infantry Regiment (United States)|351st Infantry Regiment]], [[88th Infantry Division (United States)|88th Infantry Division]]. Based in [[Trieste]], his unit was part of [[Trieste United States Troops]]. While serving in Trieste, Hackworth earned his [[General Educational Development]] high-school equivalency diploma. ===Korean War=== In the [[Korean War]], he became a [[Sergeant#United States|sergeant]], volunteering again to serve.<ref name="About_Face">''See'' David Hackworth, ''About Face''.</ref> Hackworth fought in Korea with the 25th Reconnaissance Company and the [[27th Infantry Regiment (United States)|27th Infantry (Wolfhound) Regiment]] of the [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]]. He gained a [[battlefield commission]] as a [[second lieutenant]] in 1951 and was awarded three [[Silver Stars]] for heroism and three [[Purple Heart]]s. After a successful raid on Hill 1062 and battlefield promotion to first lieutenant, the commander of the 27th Infantry Regiment offered Hackworth command of a new volunteer raider unit. Hackworth created the 27th Wolfhound Raiders and led them from August to November 1951. He subsequently volunteered for a second tour in Korea, this time with the [[40th Infantry Division (United States)|40th Infantry Division]]. Hackworth was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (US Army)|captain]].<ref name="About_Face"/> Demobilized after the [[s:Korean Armistice Agreement|Armistice Agreement]] in Korea, Hackworth became bored with civilian life after two years of college{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} and re-entered the U.S. Army in 1956 as a captain. ===Interwar service=== {{external media | width = 210px | float = left | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?7378-1/face-odyssey-american-warrior ''Booknotes'' interview with Hackworth on ''About Face'', May 7, 1989], [[C-SPAN]]}} When Hackworth returned to active duty, the expanding [[Cold War]] substantially changed the structure of the army from what he had known. Initially posted to 77th [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Antiaircraft Artillery]] [[Battalion]] in [[Manhattan Beach, California]], Hackworth was eventually assigned to [[Germany]], initially in staff roles, but returning to [[infantry]] in the early 1960s as a company commander under Colonel Glover S. Johns. He was involved in a number of fire drills around the [[Berlin Crisis of 1961]]. He recounted his experiences with the Soviet guard and his views on military history in his book ''About Face''. After completing an [[associate of arts]] degree at [[Los Angeles Harbor College]],<ref>Hackworth, David, ''About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior'', 1990, pp. 324–25</ref> and completing additional courses at several other colleges, in 1964, Hackworth graduated from [[Austin Peay State University]] with a [[bachelor of science]] degree in [[history]], after which he attended the [[United States Army Command and General Staff College|Command and General Staff College]].<ref>Hackworth, David ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ofpCdu4boC&pg=PA448 About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior]'', 1990, pp. 448–49</ref><ref>Austin Peay State University, [http://www.apsu.edu/news/author-columnist-commentator-david-hackworth-speak-june-5 Author, columnist, commentator David Hackworth to speak June 5], May 20, 2002</ref> ===Vietnam service=== When President [[John F. Kennedy]] announced that a large advisory team was being sent to [[South Vietnam]], Hackworth immediately volunteered for service. His request was denied, on the grounds that he had too much frontline experience, and that others who had seen less fighting (or none) should have an opportunity to acquire experience in combat.<ref>David Hackworth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ofpCdu4boC&pg=PA416&dq=david+hackworth+%22too+much+combat+experience,+the+guys+at+Personnel+said.%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sDXLVLOtK4TooASmnoDIBQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=david%20hackworth%20%22too%20much%20combat%20experience%2C%20the%20guys%20at%20Personnel%20said.%22&f=false ''About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior''], 1990, p. 416</ref> In 1965, he deployed to Vietnam as a [[Major (United States)|major]]. He served as an operations officer and battalion commander in the [[101st Airborne Division]]. In November 1965, he founded the platoon-sized unit [[Tiger Force]] to "outguerrilla the guerrillas".<ref>Sallah and Weiss, ''Tiger Force'', 13–14, 23, 224.</ref> <!-- Tiger Force (Recon) --> Initially, Tiger Force was a highly decorated small unit in Vietnam which suffered heavy casualties<ref>Mahr, "[http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/SRTIGERFORCE/40328015 Unit's founder]"</ref> and was awarded the [[Presidential Unit Citation (US)|Presidential Unit Citation]]. However, after Hackworth was promoted out of Vietnam, the unit began a string of atrocities and [[war crimes]], with U.S. Army investigative records and interviews by ''[[The Toledo Blade]]'' estimating the unit eventually killed hundreds of noncombatants.<ref name="toledoblade.com">"[http://www.toledoblade.com/special-tiger-force/2004/03/28/Unit-s-founder-says-he-didn-t-know-of-atrocities.html Unit's founder says he didn't know of atrocities]," The Toledo Blade, March 28, 2004, accessed October 25, 2015. [http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2004,Investigative+Reporting Part of ''The Blade's'' coverage of Tiger Force which won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize] for Investigative Reporting.</ref> Hackworth has stated he did not know about the atrocities and does not know what caused the unit to spiral out of control.<ref name="toledoblade.com" /> Hackworth quickly developed a reputation as an eccentric but effective soldier,becoming a public figure in several books authored by General [[S. L. A. Marshall|S. L. A. "Slam" Marshall]]. Following a stateside tour at [[the Pentagon]] and promotion to [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]], Hackworth co-wrote ''The Vietnam Primer'' with Marshall after returning to Vietnam in the winter of 1966–67 on an Army-sponsored tour with the famous historian and commentator. The book advised [[counter-insurgency]] fighters to adopt some of the guerrilla tactics used by [[Mao Zedong]], [[Che Guevara]], and [[Ho Chi Minh]]. Hackworth described the strategy as "out-G-ing the G." His personal and professional relationship with Marshall soured as Hackworth became suspicious of his methods and motivation.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hackworth | first = David | title = [[About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior]] | date = March 1989 | pages = 582–86 }}</ref> However, both his assignment with "Slam" Marshall and his time on staff duty at the Pentagon soured Hackworth on the [[Vietnam War]]. One aspect of the latter required him to publicly defend the U.S. position on the war in a speaking tour. Even with his reservations concerning the conflict, he refused to resign, feeling it was his duty as a field grade officer to wage the campaign as best he could.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} [[File:Fire Support Base Danger March 1969.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Fire Support Base Danger, Dinh Tuong Province, March 1969: This fire support base was the 4/39th Infantry Battalion headquarters when Hackworth took command of that unit.]] Hackworth was assigned to a training battalion at [[Fort Lewis]], Washington, and then returned to Vietnam to lead elements of the [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]], turning his theories about guerrilla warfare and how to counter it into practice with the 4/39 Infantry in the [[Mekong Delta]], an underperforming unit made up largely of conscripts which Hackworth transformed into the counter-insurgent "Hardcore" Battalion (Recondo) from January to late May 1969. Hackworth next served as a senior military adviser to the South Vietnamese. His view that the U.S. Army was not learning from its mistakes, and that South Vietnamese [[ARVN]] officers were essentially corrupt, created friction with Army leadership.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} In early 1971, Hackworth was promoted to the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]], and received orders to attend the [[United States Army War College|Army War College]], an indication that he was being groomed for the general officer ranks. He had declined a previous opportunity to go to the War College, and turned down this one, as well, indicating his lack of interest in becoming a general and demonstrating his discontent with the war and the Army's leaders.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Hackworth's dissatisfaction ultimately culminated in a television interview with [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. On June 27, 1971, he appeared on the program ''Issues and Answers'' and strongly criticized U.S. commanders in Vietnam, said the war could not be won, and called for U.S. withdrawal. The interview enraged senior U.S. Army officers at the Pentagon.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} He soon found himself ostracized in the defense establishment.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} He subsequently retired as a colonel. Senior Army leaders investigated Hackworth, who avoided them for several weeks. He was nearly [[court-martial]]ed for various allegations during his Vietnam service, such as running a brothel, running gambling houses, and exploiting his position for personal profit by manipulating the [[scrip]] in which soldiers were paid and the limited U.S. currency available in the war zone. Ultimately, Secretary of the Army [[Robert Frederick Froehlke|Robert Froehlke]] opted not to press charges, deciding that Hackworth's career accomplishments outweighed his supposed misdeeds, and that prosecuting an outspoken war hero would result in unneeded bad publicity for the Army.<ref name="blade-retirement">{{cite news | url = http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/SRTIGERFORCE/403280375 | title = Army brass let Hackworth retire despite host of alleged misdeeds | last = Mahr | first = Joe | date = October 31, 2003 | work = Toledo Blade | accessdate = 2009-04-12 }}</ref> At about the time he retired, Hackworth was [[divorced]]. In an effort to rebuild his life,{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Hackworth moved to [[Australia]]. ==Business activity== Settling on the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Australian Gold Coast]] near [[Brisbane]], Hackworth soon made a fortune through profitable [[real estate investing]], a lucrative duck farm, and a popular restaurant called Scaramouche. He was also active in the Australian [[antinuclear movement]]. ==Writing career== Hackworth returned to the U.S. in the mid-1980s and began working as a contributing editor on defense issues for ''[[Newsweek]]''. He also made regular television appearances to discuss various military-related topics, and the shortcomings of the military. His commentary on the psychological effects of [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], based on his own experiences in overcoming it, resonated with disabled veterans.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} In the mid-1990s, Hackworth investigated Admiral [[Jeremy Michael Boorda]], then Chief of Naval Operations. Hackworth, through his ''Newsweek'' articles, questioned Boorda's longtime wearing of two bronze [["V" device|"valor pins"]]<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/beneath-waves-178388 Newsweek, ''Beneath the Waves'', 5/26/96]</ref> (in the Navy, the "V" device was worn on certain decorations to denote valor in combat or direct combat participation with the enemy) on his [[Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal|Navy Commendation Medal]] and [[Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal|Navy Achievement Medal]] service ribbons, generating much controversy. Boorda committed suicide before he could be interviewed by Hackworth, who had received at least one [[Army Commendation Medal]] and other decorations with the "V" device from the U.S. Army in the Vietnam War (in the Army, the "V" device denoted valor in combat only). The Navy reviewed the matter and determined afterwards that the two "Combat Distinguishing Devices" ([[Combat "V"|Combat "V"'s]]) that Boorda had worn on two of his uniform service ribbons since the Vietnam War and until almost a year before Hackworth's and ''Newsweek's'' intervention, were both unauthorized despite the fact Boorda and some others serving on Boorda's destroyer had been given verbal authorization for the devices by Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt]] during the war. Hackworth's last assignment in a combat/conflict zone was with ''Newsweek'' during the initial deployment of US forces into Bosnia and Herzegovina in February 1996. Hackworth joined 3-5 CAV of the 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division near the disputed village of Brcko. Hackworth interviewed a number of officers and enlisted soldiers, reinforcing his historical tenure as a seasoned combat veteran of previous wars and as a well-known and respected journalist. Hackworth appeared on countless televisions and radio talk shows and formed his own website, [[Soldiers for the Truth Foundation|Soldiers for the Truth]], continuing to be the self-proclaimed voice of the "grunts" (ground troops) until his death. [[King Features Syndicate]] distributed Hackworth's weekly column "Defending America". Many of his columns discussed the [[War on Terrorism]] and the [[Iraq War]] and were concerned with the policies of the American leadership in conducting the wars, as well as the conditions of the soldiers serving. Hackworth continued the column until his death from [[bladder cancer]] in May 2005. Associates believe that his cancer was caused by exposure to [[Agent Blue]]<ref name=agentblue>{{cite web | author = Hackworth, Ellis England | title = Bells for a Fallen Hero | publisher = [[Soldiers for the Truth]] website | url = http://www.sftt.org/ }}</ref> (a [[defoliant]] used in Vietnam), and are lobbying the United States government to have the substance labelled a known carcinogen like the more famous [[Agent Orange]]. Hackworth died on May 4, 2005, at the age of 74 in [[Tijuana]], Mexico, as he was searching for alternative treatments for his bladder cancer.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/may/09/guardianobituaries.usa1</ref> He is survived by his wife, Eilhys England, a stepdaughter, and four children from his two previous marriages. His remains were interred at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. ==Military decorations and awards== Hackworth earned over 90 U.S. and foreign military awards, and frequently wore a [[Combat Infantryman Badge|CIB]] lapel pin on his civilian [[sport coat|sport jackets]]. His military awards include: {| class="wikitable" |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''U.S. Individual Decorations''' |- | {{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Service Cross ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] w/ one [[oak leaf cluster]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals">{{cite web|title=Military Awards|url=http://www.hackworth.com/awards.html|website=Hackworth.com|accessdate=May 30, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005221638/http://www.hackworth.com/awards.html|archivedate=October 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=8|type=oak|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=80}} {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Silver Star]] w/ one silver and three bronze oak leaf clusters / Silver Star<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Legion of Merit]] w/ three oak leaf clusters<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=7|type=oak|other_device=v|ribbon=Bronze Star ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] w/ [["V" Device]] and seven oak leaf clusters (seven awards for heroism)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=7|type=oak|ribbon=Purple Heart ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Purple Heart]] w/ seven oak leaf clusters<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|other_device= |ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}}<span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -65px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Valor device.svg|17px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -46px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Award numeral 3.png|17px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -33px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Award numeral 4.png|17px]]</span> | [[Air Medal]] w/ "V" Device and [[award numeral]] 34 (1 award for heroism and 33 awards for aerial achievement)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|other_device=v|ribbon=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Army Commendation Medal]] w/ "V" Device and three oak leaf clusters<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''U.S. Good Conduct Medal and Service Medals''' |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Army Good Conduct ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Good Conduct Medal (United States)|Good Conduct Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[World War II Victory Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=Army of Occupation ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Army of Occupation Medal]] w/ Germany and Japan clasps<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[National Defense Service Medal]] w/ one [[Service star|{{frac|3|16}}" bronze star]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=8|type=service-star|ribbon=Korean Service Medal - Ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Korean Service Medal]] w/ one [[Campaign stars|{{frac|3|16}}" silver star]] and three {{frac|3|16}}" bronze stars<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=10|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Vietnam Service Medal]] w/ two {{frac|3|16}}" silver stars<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=ResMedRib.svg|width=80}} | [[Armed Forces Reserve Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''Merchant Marine Service Medals, World War II''' |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Pacific War Zone ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Merchant Marine Pacific War Zone Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Merchant Marine Victory ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''Foreign Individual Decorations''' |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Vietnam Army Distinguished Service Order Ribbon 2nd Class.png|width=80}} | | [[Vietnam Army Distinguished Service Order]], 2nd Class<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Vietnamese Gallantry Cross ribbon.svg|width=80}}<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -25px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Award-star-silver-3d.png|15px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -40px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Award-star-silver-3d.png|15px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -55px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:1 golden star.svg|15px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -70px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:1 golden star.svg|15px]]</span> | [[Vietnam Cross of Gallantry]] w/ two [[5/16 inch star|{{frac|5|16}}" gold stars]] and two {{frac|5|16}}" silver stars<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal Ribbon.png|width=80}} | [[Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal]] (1st Class)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Vietnam Staff Service Medal Ribbon.png|width=80}} | [[Vietnam Staff Service Medal]] (1st Class)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''Foreign Service Medals''' |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=United Nations Korea Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[United Nations Service Medal]] (Korea)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|width=80}} | [[Vietnam Campaign Medal|Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal w/ 1960- device]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|ribbon=Republic of Korea War Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}} | [[Korean War Service Medal|Republic of Korea War Service Medal]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''U.S. Unit Awards''' |- | {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=United States Army and U.S. Air Force Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg|width=80px}} | [[Presidential Unit Citation (US)|Presidential Unit Citation (Army)]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Valorous Unit Award ribbon.svg|width=80px}} | [[Valorous Unit Award]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=80px}} | [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''Foreign Unit Awards''' |- | {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Korean Presidential Unit Citation.png|width=80px}} | [[Presidential Unit Citation (Korea)|Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation US Army sized.png|width=80px}} | [[Presidential Unit Citation (Vietnam)|Republic of Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=Gallantry Cross Unit Citation.png|width=80px}} | [[Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation]] (three awards)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | {{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=Civil Action Unit Citation.png|width=80px}} | [[Vietnam Civil Actions Medal|Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Medal Unit Citation]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |} {| class="wikitable" |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''U.S. Badges, Patches and Tabs''' |- | align=center | [[File:CIB2.png|135px]] | [[Combat Infantryman Badge]] w/ one silver star (2 awards)<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | align=center | [[File:Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg|80px]] | [[Parachutist Badge (United States)|US Master Parachutist Badge]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | align=center | [[File:United States Army Staff Identification Badge.png|80px]] | [[Army Staff Identification Badge]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- | align=center | [[File:101st Airborne Division CSIB.png|80px]] | [[101st Airborne Division]] [[Combat Service Identification Badge]]<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |- |- style=background:#ccccff;" align=center | colspan=2 | '''Foreign badges''' |- | align=center | [[File:ViPaBa.jpg|120px]] | Vietnam Master Parachutist Badge<ref name="Hackworth_Medals" /> |} ===Ranger tab issue=== In response to Hackworth's investigation of Admiral Boorda, [[CNN]] and the ''[[CBS Evening News]] with [[Dan Rather]]'' questioned the accuracy of Hackworth's own military decorations.<ref name=CNN_McIntyre_1997>{{cite news | accessdate = May 27, 2008 | url = http://www.cnn.com/US/9705/16/hackworth/ | first = Jamie | last = McIntyre | title = Hackworth says error doesn't compare to Boorda suicide case | publisher = CNN | date = May 16, 1997 }}</ref><ref name=NYT_Shenon_19970516>{{cite news | accessdate = May 27, 2008 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDE1238F935A25756C0A961958260 | title = Accuser on Admiral's Medals Faces Scrutiny About His Own | first = Philip | last = Shenon | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = May 16, 1997 }}</ref> In particular, the reports accused Hackworth of claiming a [[Ranger Tab]] to which he was not entitled and an extra [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] listed on his website. Hackworth threatened to sue CBS and requested a formal audit of his military records. In response to the military audit, the executive producer of [[CBS News]] sent a letter to Hackworth that stated:<ref>{{cite web | accessdate = May 27, 2008 | url = http://www.hackworth.com/CBS_1.html | title = Hack's Medal Flap with CBS | publisher = Hackworth.com }}</ref> {{Blockquote|The Army's audit of its records has determined that the Army made an administrative error back in 1988, when it reissued your medals and awards. Along with numerous other decorations, the Army mistakenly issued you a Ranger Tab and two Oak Leaf Clusters for your Distinguished Flying Cross. The Army has thus verified what we reported as your explanation of the matter. As far as we are concerned, the Army audit makes clear that you did not at any time wear or claim any military honor not actually issued by the U.S. Army, based on its official records, including the service record you signed and dated. At the same time, CBS continues to believe that our reports did not state or imply that you knowingly wore or claimed decorations not issued by the U.S. Army and that any such inference drawn from the reports would be mistaken. Similarly, we do not believe our reports in any way equated your conduct with that of the late Admiral Boorda's. Indeed, as we believe we made clear in our reports, by all accounts you are a man who has shown extraordinary heroism in your service to our country, and has deservedly been awarded many of the nation's most coveted awards for valor.}} In 2002, Hackworth was asked about the controversy in an interview with ''Proceedings''. In the interview, he stated:<ref name=Proceedings_200212>{{cite interview | accessdate = 2008-05-27 | url = http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,NI_Hackworth_1202,00.html | title = Look Truth Right in the Eye | first = Col David H. | last = Hackworth | interviewer = Fred L. Schultz and Gordon Keiser | work = Proceedings | date = December 2002 | publisher = Military.com }}</ref> {{Blockquote|I had served in the 8th Ranger Company; later I served in the 27th Raiders of the 25th Infantry Division. On the Raiders' tenth mission, the regimental commander awarded every trooper the Ranger Tab. When all this fell out after the Boorda story, I immediately had my records audited. And they reflected that I was awarded the Ranger Tab. It was on my official records; it's not something I claimed falsely. Let me tell you how the regulation reads now. To rate a Ranger Tab, you had to have been awarded the Combat Infantry Badge (CIB) while a member of the 8th Ranger Company. But I got my CIB with Company G, 27th Infantry Regiment. Thus, the 1951 award of the tab did not meet the 1980s criteria. I take all the blame. All the guys in the 27th Raiders got the Ranger Tab, but they were not Rangers. When the Boorda story exploded, people were looking for chinks in my armor. So I'm a defrocked Ranger. As it turned out, though, in the Army's vetting of my record, they found I had ten Silver Stars, not nine.}} ==Works== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} '''Books''' * ''About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior'' * ''Steel My Soldiers' Hearts'' * ''Hazardous Duty'' * ''Price of Honor'' * ''Brave Men'' * ''The Vietnam Primer'' (with General [[S. L. A. Marshall|S. L. A. "Slam" Marshall]]) {{Col-break}} '''Journalism''' – Hackworth wrote articles for: * ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' * ''[[Men's Journal]]'' * ''[[Modern Maturity (magazine)|Modern Maturity]]'' * ''[[Newsweek]]'' * ''[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]'' * ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' * ''[[Playboy]]'' * ''[[Self (magazine)|Self]]'' * ''[[Soldier of Fortune (magazine)|Soldier of Fortune]]'' * ''[[WorldNetDaily]]'' {{col-end}} Hackworth was also a founder of [[Soldiers for the Truth Foundation|Soldiers for the Truth]], an advocacy group focused on military reform, both in terms of capability and treatment of personnel. ==See also== {{Portal|Biography|United States Army}} ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ;Sources * {{cite news | accessdate = | url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/may/09/guardianobituaries.usa1 | title = David Hackworth (Obituary) | first = Michael | last = Carson | work = The Guardian | date = May 8, 2005 }} * {{cite news | accessdate = February 1, 2009 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41501-2005May6.html | work = [[The Washington Post]] | title = David Hackworth Dies; Esteemed Army Colonel Defied Military Brass | first = Joe | last = Holley | date = May 6, 2005 | page = B07 }} * {{cite news | accessdate = | url = http://www.seattlepi.com/opinion/223802_hackworth12.html | title = David Hackworth: Unforgettable Soldier | first = W. Thomas, Jr. | last = Smith | work = [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] | date = May 12, 2005 }} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.sftt.org/ Stand for the Troops] * {{C-SPAN|David Hackworth}} * [http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/Articles/1989/1989%20bacevich.pdf Review of 'About Face' in US Army War College ''Parameters'' magazine, December, 1989] * [http://www.slate.com/articles/briefing/articles/1996/11/newsweeks_major_embarrassment.html Slate article, Newsweek's Major Embarrassment: He's called Col. Hackworth, November, 1996] * [http://www.virtual.vietnam.ttu.edu/cgi-bin/starfetch.exe?LoQ5eIW8i7A3D2I69SMiXIZ0u8uMyzHzPj6Dts@jnZ0UPuLG3ruTfxls6yqrtN8w8q65kjii5egYP7V@5cUDnV7l9HCnkutrGl7pK.ttcnI/6230218033.pdf Inspector General Military Assistance Command Vietnam – Report of Investigation of Colonel David Hackworth, 16 January 1971] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hackworth, David}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2005 deaths]] [[Category:American male journalists]] [[Category:20th-century American journalists]] [[Category:American army personnel of the Korean War]] [[Category:American army personnel of the Vietnam War]] [[Category:American sailors]] [[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in Mexico]] [[Category:American military historians]] [[Category:American male writers]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]] [[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] [[Category:Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Order (Vietnam)]] [[Category:United States Army colonels]] [[Category:Deaths from bladder cancer]] [[Category:Los Angeles Harbor College alumni]] [[Category:Austin Peay State University alumni]] [[Category:United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni]]'