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'{{short description|2002 French film}} {{other uses|Irreversible (disambiguation)}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox film | name = Irréversible | image = Irreversible_ver2.jpg | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Gaspar Noé]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * Brahim Chioua * [[Vincent Cassel]] }} | writer = Gaspar Noé | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Monica Bellucci]] * Vincent Cassel * [[Albert Dupontel]] }} | music = [[Thomas Bangalter]] | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * [[Benoît Debie]] * Gaspar Noé }} | editing = Gaspar Noé | studio = {{Plainlist| * Les Cinémas de la Zone * [[StudioCanal]] }} | distributor = [[BAC Films|Mars Distribution]] | released = {{Film date|2002|05|22|France|df=y}} | runtime = 97 minutes <small>(original)</small><!--Theatrical runtime: 97:24--><ref>{{cite web|title=''IRREVERSIBLE'' (18)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/irreversible-2003-4|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=2002-10-21|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref><br />86 minutes <small>(''Straight Cut'')</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Irreversible: Straight Cut (2019)|url=https://mubi.com/en/us/films/irreversible-inversion-integrale|work=[[MUBI]]|accessdate=2024-06-19}}</ref> | country = France | language = {{Plainlist| * French * English * Italian * Spanish }} | budget = €4.6 million<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Tim|title=Irreversible|date=12 December 2014|publisher=Macmillan Palgrave|location=Appendix: Key Details|isbn=978-0-230-33697-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IaC7BgAAQBAJ&q=budget&pg=PA145|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601083534/https://books.google.com/books?id=IaC7BgAAQBAJ&q=budget&pg=PA145|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022}}</ref> | gross = €5.8 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=irreversible.htm|title=Irreversible | publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=irreversible.htm|title=Irreversible (2003) - International Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo|website=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> }} '''''Irréversible''''' ({{IPA-fr|iʁevɛʁsibl}}) is a 2002 French [[art film|art]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] film written and directed by [[Gaspar Noé]]. Starring [[Monica Bellucci]], [[Vincent Cassel]], [[Albert Dupontel]], the plot depicts the events of a tragic night in Paris as two men attempt to avenge the brutal rape and beating of the woman they love. The film is made up of a title sequence followed by 13 segments made to look like long takes. Each of these segments is either a [[One-shot film|continuous shot]] or a series of shots digitally composited to resemble a continuous shot. The story is told in [[reverse chronology|reverse order]], with each scene taking place chronologically before the one that precedes it.<ref>[http://filmint.nu/against-and-for-irreversible/ Against and For ''Irreversible'' - Film International]</ref> Theatrically released in France, the United Kingdom and the United States, ''Irréversible'' competed for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]] and won the Bronze Horse at the [[Stockholm International Film Festival]]. Critical reception was mixed, with praise towards the performances and Noé's direction, but criticism towards its graphic portrayal of violence and rape. American film critic [[Roger Ebert]] called ''Irréversible'' "a movie so violent and cruel that most people will find it unwatchable".<ref name="ebert" /> A version of the film told in chronological order, ''Irreversible: Straight Cut'' ({{lang-fr|Irréversible – Inversion intégrale}}), was released in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Edward|date=17 January 2023|url=https://theplaylist.net/gaspar-noe-irreversible-straight-cut-finally-comes-us-feb-chronological-restoration-infamous-films-20230117/|title=Gaspar Noé's 'Irreversible: Straight Cut' Finally Comes To The U.S. In Feb, A Chronological Restoration Of One Of Cinema's Most Infamous Films|work=The Playlist|access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> ==Plot== The film begins with The Butcher, the lead character of Noe's previous film ''[[I Stand Alone (film)|I Stand Alone]]''. In his small apartment, he tells a friend that he was arrested for the events of that film before dismissing the commotion going on outside at a gay [[BDSM]] club called The Rectum. Chronologically, Alex and Marcus wake up together and discuss their relationship, as well as an upcoming party, while in the nude. It is implied that Alex left the more reserved Pierre for the uninhibited Marcus because Pierre couldn't satisfy her sexually. Alex reveals she had a dream of herself standing in a red tunnel that breaks in two, before taking a pregnancy test that reveals a positive result. On a public train, Pierre constantly bickers with Alex over his inability to satisfy her during their relationship, while Marcus expresses disinterest in their squabble. At the party, Marcus gets drunk and takes cocaine, much to Alex's displeasure. She leaves the party, asking Pierre to look after Marcus. Alex descends into a red [[pedestrian underpass]] on her way back to the train when she notices a [[Transgender sex workers|transgender prostitute]] getting attacked by a man. He immediately turns his attention to Alex, anally raping her before savagely beating her into unconsciousness. After Marcus and Pierre discover Alex being taken away by paramedics, they encounter street criminals Mourad and Layde, who offer to help them find the culprit. They use an [[Identity document|ID]] left at the scene by the prostitute to locate her. Marcus verbally assaults Concha, the prostitute, and threatens to cut her face open in order to gather that the rapist's name goes by Le Tenia and that he frequents a club called The Rectum. The men are chased off by other prostitutes; Marcus and Pierre jump into a taxi cab and speed off into the night. When the cab driver doesn't know where The Rectum is, Marcus attacks the driver, stealing his vehicle. The two end up finding The Rectum, with Pierre reluctantly following behind Marcus. Leading the charge, Marcus proceeds to get into a fight with a man he suspects of being Le Tenia, who ends up breaking his arm before attempting to rape him. Pierre comes to his rescue and beats the man to death with a nearby fire extinguisher as the man's companion, the actual rapist, watches in amusement. Marcus is carried out of The Rectum on a stretcher while Pierre is arrested by police. In the final scene, Alex is shown reading in a park before the film transitions to a [[strobe]] effect that ends with the message "Time destroys everything" ({{lang-fr|"Le temps detruit tout"}}) In the ''Straight Cut'', this message—which still appears at the end of the film—now reads "Time reveals everything" ({{lang-fr|"Le temps revele tout"}}). ==Cast== {{cast listing| * [[Monica Bellucci]] as Alex * [[Vincent Cassel]] as Marcus * [[Albert Dupontel]] as Pierre * [[Jo Prestia]] as Le Tenia * [[Fatima Adoum]] as Fatima * Mourad Khima as Mourad * Hellal as Layde * Jaramillo as Concha * Michel Gondoin as Mick * [[Jean-Louis Costes]] as Fistman * [[Philippe Nahon]] as the Butcher * Stéphane Drouot as the Butcher's friend }} Director [[Gaspar Noé]] has a cameo as one of the patrons in the Rectum. ==Production== ''Irréversible'' was originally titled as ''Danger''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Gaspar Noé talks about his career, including his new film Vortex {{!}} BFI Q&A | date=18 May 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cli5f3rCy4 |language=en |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> [[Gaspar Noé]] first found financing for the new title after he pitched the story to be told in reverse, in order to capitalize on the popularity of [[Christopher Nolan]]'s film ''[[Memento (film)|Memento]]'' (2000).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kohn|first1=Eric|title=Gaspar Noé Says All Directors Are 'Sucking D*cks For Financing' And Women Enjoyed 'Love' More Than Men|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2016/08/gaspar-noe-all-directors-suck-dick-for-financing-locarno-film-festival-love-women-1201713990/|access-date=23 August 2016|date=6 August 2016}}</ref> ''Irréversible'' was shot using a [[widescreen]] lightweight Minima [[16mm|Super16 mm]] camera.<ref>{{cite book |title=Irreversible – Controversies |first1=Tim |last1=Palmer |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-137-47862-7 |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IaC7BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 }}</ref> The film consists of about a dozen apparently unbroken shots<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Guiltless Pleasures: A David Sterritt Film Reader |first1=David |last1=Sterritt |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57806-780-0 |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xruAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> melded together from hundreds of shots.<ref>{{cite book |title=American Cinematographer, Volume 84, No 2–6 |publisher=ASC Holding Corporation |year=2003 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4No4AQAAIAAJ}}</ref> This included the infamous nine-minute-long rape scene,<ref>{{cite book |title=Offensive Films |edition=illustrated |first1=Mikita |last1=Brottman |publisher=Vanderbilt University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8265-1491-2 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhbuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> portrayed in a single, unbroken shot.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=Unfinished Business: Screening the Italian Mafia in the New Millennium |first1=Dana |last1=Renga |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4426-1558-8 |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXK1AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA46}}</ref> Noé said he had no idea how long the rape scene was going to last, as this was determined by [[Monica Bellucci]], who essentially directed the scene, and Jo Prestia, who played her assailant.<ref>{{cite web|author=Macnab, Geoffrey|title='The rape had to be disgusting to be useful'|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/aug/02/artsfeatures.festivals |date=1 August 2002|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> Noé stated in interviews that during the production of the film he used [[cocaine]] in order to help him carry the large cameras needed to capture the rotating shots in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/why-gaspar-noe-directed-on-cocaine-masturbated-in-his-own-film-and-shot-a-live-birth-55975/|title = Why Gaspar Noé Directed on Cocaine, Masturbated in His Own Film and Shot a Live Birth|date = 29 October 2015}}</ref> [[Computer-generated imagery]] was used in post-production for the penis in the rape scene.<ref>{{cite book |title=European Nightmares: Horror Cinema in Europe Since the 1945 |edition=illustrated |first1=Patricia |last1=Allmer |first2=David |last2=Huxley |first3=Emily |last3=Brick |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-231-85008-7 |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRsee8-ezv8C&pg=RA1-PT83 }}</ref> Another example is the scene where Pierre beats a man's face and crushes his skull with a fire extinguisher.<ref>{{cite book |title=Directory of World Cinema: France |edition=illustrated |first1=Tim |last1=Palmer |first2=Charlie |last2=Michael |publisher=[[Intellect Books]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-84150-563-3 |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D12koXm378AC&pg=PA22 }}</ref> CGI was used to augment the results, as initial footage using a conventional [[latex]] dummy proved unconvincing.<ref>Palmer, Tim (2014). p. 88–90</ref> During the first sixty minutes of its running time, the film uses an extremely [[infrasound|low-frequency sound]] of 27&nbsp;Hz to create a state of nausea and anxiety in the audience, as it is not immediately perceptible to the spectator, but enough to evoke a physical response.<ref>{{cite book |title=Spectatorship, Embodiment and Physicality in the Contemporary Mutilation Film |edition=Illustrated |first1=Laura |last1=Wilson |publisher=Springer |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-137-44438-7 |pages=84–85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FJaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 }}</ref><ref name="Abject Desire: Anatomie de l'enfer">{{cite journal |last1=Grønstad |first1=Asbjørn |date=2007 |title=Abject Desire: Anatomie de l'enfer and the Unwatchable |journal=Studies in French Cinema |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=161–169|doi=10.1386/sfci.6.3.161_1 |s2cid=191568755 }}</ref> Quoting Noé, "You can't hear them, but they make you shiver. In a good cinema with a good audio system, the sound can scare you much more than what's happening on the screen."<ref>{{cite web |title=IRREVERSIBLE (2002) – I feel dirty and uncomfortable |url=https://www.horrornauta.it/en/irreversible-2002-i-feel-dirty-and-uncomfortable/ |website=Horrornauta - Explorer of the Macabre |date=19 January 2023 |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> This technique, called [[Sensurround]], involves the intentional use of a sub-audible sound to enhance the spectator's experience of a movie, in this case, deliberately making them uncomfortable (although this would only be experienced in a cinema setting as most home speakers would not emit such low frequencies).<ref name="Abject Desire: Anatomie de l'enfer"/> ==Release== [[File:Monica Bellucci 2002.jpg|thumb|Bellucci at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival]] The film [[premiere]]d in France on 22 May 2002 through Mars Distribution. It competed at the [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3169463/year/2002.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Irréversible |work=festival-cannes.com |access-date=2012-02-05 |archive-date=22 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822135735/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3169463/year/2002.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 January 2003 through Metro Tartan Distribution, and the United States on 7 March 2003 through [[Lionsgate Films|Lions Gate Films]]. It grossed $792,200 from theatrical screenings.<ref name="BOM" /> ''Irreversible: Straight Cut'' ({{lang-fr|Irréversible – Inversion intégrale}}) first screened at the [[2019 Venice International Film Festival]] after Noe decided to give this version of the film a wider release instead of relegating it to a home release special feature. It was released in Los Angeles and New York City on 10 February 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Edward|date=17 January 2023|url=https://theplaylist.net/gaspar-noe-irreversible-straight-cut-finally-comes-us-feb-chronological-restoration-infamous-films-20230117/|title=Gaspar Noé's 'Irreversible: Straight Cut' Finally Comes To The U.S. In Feb, A Chronological Restoration Of One Of Cinema's Most Infamous Films|work=The Playlist|access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== Critical response to the film was divided, with some critics panning the film and others considering it one of the year's best. The film holds an approval rating of 59% based on 126 reviews at [[Rotten Tomatoes]], with an average rating of 6.10/10. The website's critics' consensus states: "Though well-filmed, ''Irréversible'' feels gratuitous in its extreme violence."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/irreversible/|title=Irréversible (2002)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> The film received three votes in the 2012 ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' critics' poll of the greatest films<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b86c78e77/sightandsoundpoll2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216044341/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b86c78e77/sightandsoundpoll2012|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2017|title=Votes for IRRÉVERSIBLE (2002)|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=15 February 2017}}</ref> and in 2016 was listed by critic Andreas Borcholte as one of the ten best films since 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films-who-voted|title=The 21st century's 100 greatest films: Who voted?|publisher=BBC|date=23 August 2016|access-date=15 February 2017}}</ref> Audience reactions to both the rape scene and the murder scene have ranged from appreciation of their artistic merits to leaving the theater in disgust.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocinema.org/film_view?FILM_ID=304|title=Metro Cinema Society: Irréversible|website=metrocinema.org|access-date=18 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318130543/http://www.metrocinema.org/film_view?FILM_ID=304|archive-date=18 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Newsweek''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[David Ansen]] stated that "If outraged viewers (mostly women) at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] are any indication, this will be the most walked-out-of movie of 2003." In the same review, Ansen suggested that the film displayed "an adolescent pride in its own ugliness".<ref>{{cite magazine | author-link = David Ansen | last = Ansen | first = David | url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/58610 | title = How Far Is Too Far? | magazine = [[Newsweek]] | date = 3 March 2003 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200101093429/https://www.newsweek.com/how-far-too-far-132821 | archive-date = 2020-01-01 | url-status = live }}</ref> American film critic [[Roger Ebert]] of ''The Chicago Sun-Times'' awarded the film three stars out of a possible four. Ebert declared many viewers would find the film unwatchable due to the graphic violence, but he also proposed the film's structure makes it inherently moral rather than an [[exploitation film]]: "By placing the ugliness at the beginning, Gaspar Noe forces us to think seriously about the sexual violence involved."<ref name="ebert">{{cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=14 March 2003 |title=Irreversible |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/irreversible-2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329102315/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20030314%2FREVIEWS%2F303140303%2F1023 |archive-date=29 March 2010 |access-date=2021-07-28 |website=Roger Ebert.com}}</ref> Film critic [[David Edelstein]] argued "''Irréversible'' might be the most homophobic movie ever made."<ref>{{cite news |last=Edelstein |first=David |author-link=David Edelstein |date=7 March 2003 |title=Irreversible Errors |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2003/03/irreversible_errors.html |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=24 April 2016 }}</ref> Noé's depiction of gay criminal Le Tenia raping the female lead, Alex, remains the film's most controversial image. In his defense, Noé stated, "I'm not homophobic", noting "I also appear in ''Irréversible'', masturbating at the gay club", as a means of showing "I didn't feel superior to gay people".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/09/21/enter-the-void-director-gaspar-noe-talks-sex-drugs-and-narrative-cinema/|title='Enter the Void' Director Gaspar Noe Talks Sex, Drugs and Narrative Cinema|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=2010-09-21 |access-date=24 April 2016|last1=Erickson|first1=Steve}}</ref> ''Irréversible'' has been associated with a series of films defined as the ''[[New French Extremity#New French Extremity and body horror|cinéma du corps]]'' ("cinema of the body"), which according to Palmer<ref>{{cite book | last = Palmer | first = Tim | year = 2011 | title = Brutal Intimacy: Analyzing Contemporary French Cinema | publisher = Wesleyan University Press | location = Middleton, CT | isbn = 978-0-8195-6827-4 }}</ref> includes: an attenuated use of narrative, assaulting and often illegible cinematography, confrontational subject material, and a pervasive sense of social nihilism or despair. ''Irréversible'' has also been associated with the [[New French Extremity]] movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=Tim |date=2006 |title=Style and Sensation in the Contemporary French Cinema of the Body |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20688527 |journal=Journal of Film and Video |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=22–32; p.27 |jstor=20688527 |issn=0742-4671}}</ref> In 2019, ''Irreversible: Straight Cut'' premiered at the [[Venice Film Festival]], an alternate and remastered edit of the film presented in chronological order. On [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film has a 90% approval rating with an average rating of 6.80/10 out of 10 critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=<nowiki>Irreversible: Straight Cut - Rotten Tomatoes</nowiki>|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/irreversible_straight_cut |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227064533/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/irreversible_straight_cut |archive-date=2023-12-27}}</ref> ==Accolades== ''Irréversible'' won the top award, the Bronze Horse for best film, at the 2002 [[Stockholm International Film Festival]]. It was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Award by the Film Critics Circle of Australia. It was voted Best Foreign Language Film by the San Diego Film Critics Society, tied with ''[[The Barbarian Invasions]] (Les Invasions barbares)''.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000580/2003/1/?ref_=ev_eh San Diego Film Critics Society Awards (2003) - IMDb]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Sources == * Brinkema, Eugenie. (2004). ''Irréversible'': A review. ''Scope''. * Brinkema, Eugenie. (2005). Rape and the Rectum: Bersani, Deleuze, Noé. ''Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies'', ''20''(1), 32–57. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-20-1_58-33</nowiki> * Downing, Lisa. (2004). French Cinema's New 'Sexual Revolution': Postmodern Porn and Troubled Genre. ''French Cultural Studies'', ''15''(3), 265–280. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1177/009715580401500305</nowiki> * Grønstad, Asbjørn. (2011). On the Unwatchable. In T. Horeck & T. Kendall (Eds.), ''The New Extremism in Cinema: From France to Europe'' (pp.&nbsp;192–205). Edinburgh University Press. * Hickin, Daniel. (2011). Censorship, Reception and the Films of Gaspar Noé: The Emergence of New Extremism in Britain. In T. Horeck & T. Kendall (Eds.), ''The New Extremism in Cinema: From France to Europe'' (pp.&nbsp;117–129). Edinburgh University Press. * Keesey, Douglas. (2010). Split identification: Representations of rape in Gaspar Noé's ''Irréversible'' and Catherine Breillat's ''A ma sœur!/Fat Girl''. ''Studies in European Cinema'', ''7''(2), 95–107. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1386/seci.7.2.95_1</nowiki> * Kenny, Oliver. (2020). Beyond Critical Partisanship: Ethical Witnessing and Long Takes of Sexual Violence. ''Studies in European Cinema'', ''19''(2), 164–178. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2020.1778846</nowiki> * Wood, Robin. (2011, April 5). Against and For ''Irreversible''. ''Film International''. <nowiki>http://filmint.nu/?p=1475</nowiki> ==External links== * {{IMDb title}} * {{AllMovie title}} * {{Mojo title}} * {{Metacritic film}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes}} * {{AlloCiné title}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110314203521/http://www.letempsdetruittout.net/pages/Irreversible-4563023.html ''Irreversible''] on [http://www.letempsdetruittout.net/ Le Temps Détruit Tout (Unofficial & International website about Gaspar Noé)] {{Gaspar Noé}} {{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Irreversible}} [[Category:2002 films]] [[Category:2002 LGBT-related films]] [[Category:2002 multilingual films]] [[Category:2000s English-language films]] [[Category:2000s French films]] [[Category:2000s French-language films]] [[Category:2000s Italian-language films]] [[Category:2000s Spanish-language films]] [[Category:Censored films]] [[Category:English-language French films]] [[Category:Films about prostitution in France]] [[Category:Films about violence against women]] [[Category:Films directed by Gaspar Noé]] [[Category:Films set in Paris]] [[Category:Films shot in 16 mm film]] [[Category:Films shot in Paris]] [[Category:French LGBT-related films]] [[Category:French independent films]] [[Category:French multilingual films]] [[Category:French nonlinear narrative films]] [[Category:French rape and revenge films]] [[Category:Homophobia in fiction]] [[Category:Improvised films]] [[Category:Films about incest]] [[Category:Italian-language French films]] [[Category:LGBT-related controversies in film]] [[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]] [[Category:Spanish-language French films]] [[Category:StudioCanal films]] [[Category:Transgender-related films]]'