Prince of Tver
The Prince of Tver (Russian: Князь тверской) was the title of the ruler of the Principality of Tver. The princes of Tver descended from the first prince, Yaroslav Yaroslavich (r. 1247–1271).[1][2] In 1485, Tver was formally annexed by Moscow and became an appanage.
History
[edit]Following the Mongol invasions, Tver became an independent principality in 1247 with Yaroslav Yaroslavich, the son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir, becoming the first prince of Tver.[3][4] During the 14th century, Tver competed with Moscow for dominance until it declined and was finally annexed by Moscow in 1485 under Ivan III.[5][6] Tver was given to his son Ivan the Young as an appanage.[7]
List of princes
[edit]Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaroslav Yaroslavich
| 1230–1272 | 1247 | 16 September 1272 | Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir. Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1264 | Yurievichi | |
Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
| ?–1285 | 1272 | 1282/1285 | Son of Yaroslav Yaroslavich | Yaroslavichi | |
Saint Mikhail I Yaroslavich
| 1272–1318 | 1286 | 1318 | Son of Yaroslav Yaroslavich, younger brother of Svyatoslav. Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1305. Executed by Mongols | Yaroslavichi | |
Dmitry Mikhailovich
| 1299–1326 | 1318 | 1326 | Son of Mikhail I. Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1322. Executed by Mongols in response to the murder of Yury of Moscow | Yaroslavichi | |
Alexander I Mikhailovich
| 1301–1339 | 1326 | 1327 | Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry. Also Grand Prince of Vladimir. Forced into exile in Pskov after anti-Mongol uprising in Tver | Yaroslavichi | |
Konstantin Mikhailovich
| 1306–1345 | 1327 | 1338 | Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry and Alexander I | Yaroslavichi | |
Alexander I Mikhailovich
| 1301–1339 | 1338 | 1339 | Restored. Executed by Mongols | Yaroslavichi | |
Konstantin Mikhailovich
| 1306–1345 | 1339 | 1345 | Restored | Yaroslavichi | |
Vsevolod Alexandrovich
| ~1328–1364 | 1346 | 1349 | Son of Alexander I. Prince of Kholm Abdicated | Yaroslavichi | |
Vasily Mikhailovich
| ~1304–1368 | 1349 | 1368 | Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry, Alexander I and Konstantin Prince of Kashin | Yaroslavichi | |
Mikhail II Alexandrovich
| 1333–1399 | 1368 | 1399 | Son of Alexander I Grand Prince since 1382 | Yaroslavichi | |
Ivan Mikhailovich
| 1357–1425 | 1399 | 1425 | Son of Mikhail II Died of plague | Yaroslavichi | |
Alexander II Ivanovich
| ~1379–1425 | 22 May 1425 | 25 October 1425 | Son of Ivan Died of plague | Yaroslavichi | |
Yuri Alexandrovich
| ~1400–1425 | 25 October 1425 | 26 November 1425 | Son of Alexander II Died of plague | Yaroslavichi | |
Boris Alexandrovich
| ~1399–1461 | 26 November 1425 | 10 February 1461 | Son of Alexander II, younger brother of Yuri | Yaroslavichi | |
Mikhail III Borisovich
| 1453–1505 | 1461 | 1485 | Son of Boris Forced into exile after brief war with Ivan III of Moscow whose goal was to reunite Russian principalities under a single authority. | Yaroslavichi |
In 1485, Ivan III conquered Tver, and until 1490, his son Ivan the Young governed the duchy.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Isoahi 2006, p. 215.
- ^ Fennell 2022, p. 225.
- ^ Fennell, John (13 October 2014). The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-317-87314-3.
- ^ Langer, Lawrence N. (15 September 2021). Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-5381-1942-6.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (2022). The Story of Russia. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1526631749.
- ^ Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M. (20 October 2017). A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. BRILL. p. 485. ISBN 978-90-04-35214-8.
- ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (18 March 2021). Succession to the Throne in Early Modern Russia: The Transfer of Power 1450–1725. Cambridge University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-108-47934-9.
Bibliography
[edit]- Fennell, John (23 September 2022). The Emergence of Moscow, 1304-1359. University of California Press. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-520-37358-7.
- Isoaho, Mari (2006). The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in Medieval Russia: Warrior and Saint. Leiden: Brill. p. 417. ISBN 9789047409496. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
External links
[edit]- Borzakovskiy Vladimir Stepanovich. (1876) (in Russian). History of the Prince of Tver (История Тверского княжества) at Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats
- Grand Duchy of Tver