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Tennessee Democratic Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tennessee Democratic Party
AbbreviationTNDP
ChairpersonHendrell Remus
Senate Minority LeaderRaumesh Akbari
House Minority LeaderKaren Camper
FounderAndrew Jackson, John Overton, John H. Eaton, William B. Lewis, Andrew Jackson Donelson, and John Catron
Founded1826; 198 years ago (1826)
Headquarters4900 Centennial Blvd. Ste 300, Nashville, Tennessee
Student wingTennessee High School Democrats
Tennessee College Democrats
Youth wingTennessee Young Democrats
Women's wingTennessee Federation of Democratic Women
IdeologyModern liberalism
National affiliationDemocratic Party
Colors  Blue
Seats in the U.S. Senate
0 / 2
Seats in the U.S. House
1 / 9
Seats in the State Senate
6 / 33
Seats in the State House
24 / 99
Website
tndp.org

The Tennessee Democratic Party (TNDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Tennessee. The party was founded in 1826 initially as the Jacksonian Party. The Tennessee Democratic Party was born out of President Andrew Jackson's populist philosophy of Jacksonian democracy in the mid to late-1820s.[1] After Jackson left office, the Democratic Party struggled in the state as the Whig Party would go on to be the dominant party in Tennessee until its collapse after the 1852 Election.[2] Prior to the Civil War, as a result of the collapse of the former Whig Party, the Democratic Party became the dominant party in the state. After the war ended, the Republican Party would be the dominant political party during Reconstruction, but once Reconstruction ended, the Democratic Party would dominate Tennessee Politics up until 2011 when the Republican Party would gain firm control of Tennessee State Government.[3]

Pre-1824

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Prior to the rise of Jacksonian Democracy, political parties in Tennessee were really non-existent. Since Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796,[4] Tennessee had only voted for the Democratic-Republican Party in each Presidential Election from 1796 to 1820.[2] For the 1824 Presidential Election, Andrew Jackson, a former Military General and then U.S. Senator for Tennessee, decided to run for president against President James Monroe's then Secretary of State John Quincy Adams,[5] the son of former President and founding father John Adams.

Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States

Both Adams and Jackson belonged to the same Party, and that Party had divided out into several different factions with Adams being the Northern faction's nominee and Jackson being the Southern faction's nominee.[5] Jackson would win the popular vote and would have the most electoral votes, but he did not have enough Electoral College votes to win outright.[5] The election went to the House of Representatives where one of the three top vote getters would be elected president. The three were, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and Henry Clay of Kentucky. Clay, who was then the Speaker of the House of Representatives, liked Adam's programs for internal improvements so much that he chose to swing his support to Adams, and thus Adams won the vote in the House of Representatives.[5] After Adams was inaugurated, Adams decided to appoint Clay to be his Secretary of State, which outraged Jackson and his supporters.[5]

Post 1824 – Election 1860

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President James K. Polk would win the 1844 election,[6] but voters in Tennessee backed the Whig Candidate, Henry Clay in 1844 over Polk.[2]

Between 1825 and 1826, Jackson's supporters were gearing up to have Jackson run in 1828. While Jackson wouldn't publicly commit to running, he was essentially planning on running to win in 1828.[1] Surrounded by loyal advisors, the Jacksonian Party was formed in 1826 when Jackson supporters began running under the Jacksonian Party.[1] The Jacksonian Party, aided by New York Politician Martin Van Buren, would go on to become the dominant political party in the United States from 1829 to 1839.[7] During this period, the party in Tennessee was still floundering as it did not have any formal party structure for the first few years, however that not matter as long as Jackson was in the White House.

When Jackson retired from the White House, Vice President Martin Van Buren would be Jackson's handpicked successor in the 1836.[7] Now with a formidable opposition party with the Whigs, Jackson's Democratic Party had issues getting Van Buren elected, especially in Jackson's home state of Tennessee. Jackson campaigned heavily for Van Buren, but Tennessee native Senator Hugh Lawson White would actually carry the state's electoral votes over Van Buren.[2] This would start a trend of Tennessee voters only electing Whig Party Candidates in each Presidential Election from the Election of 1836 to the Election of 1852.[2]

For other offices during this time, it was a mix bag of Whigs and Democrats until the Whig Party's collapse in 1854.[8] In 1856, Tennessee would vote for a Democrat for the first time since 1836, when Tennessee voted for James Buchanan for President.[2] By the time the Election of 1860 rolled around, the political climate had dramatically shifted due the sectional strife around the issue of Slavery, and its expansion into the territories.[9] In that election, Tennessee would narrowly vote for the Constitutional Union Party nominee, John Bell due to a majority of Tennesseans supported preserving the Union.[10] By June 1861, Tennessee voters would pass an Ordinance of Secession leading to Tennessee becoming the last Southern state to join the Confederacy.[10]

Post Civil War Era – New Deal Era

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In 1864, President Abraham Lincoln selected Tennessee Democrat Andrew Johnson to be his running mate for the 1864 Presidential Election under the National Union Party ticket.[11] Lincoln would go on to win re-election for a second term, but his second term was cut short when John Wilkes Booth shot and killed President Lincoln at Ford's Theater.[12][11] Johnson would serve the remainder of Lincoln's term. During his one term in office, he became the first President in US History to be Impeached by the House of Representatives, but he was later acquitted by one vote in a Senate trial.[13] Johnson is currently the last Democrat from Tennessee to be President.

When the Civil War ended, the political landscape had changed in Tennessee. Tennessee had been under military control since February 1862 when Union forces captured the State Capitol of Nashville.[10] When civilian control had returned, aided by a wartime edict by then Military Governor Andrew Johnson that barred Confederate sympathizers from holding political office, the Republican Party took control of Tennessee State Government in March 1865. Along with control of the General Assembly, Republicans controlled the Governor's office for the first time with the election William G. Brownlow.[14]

During the years Republicans had control of the General Assembly, they expanded the right to vote to newly freed slaves, disenfranchised former Confederates, and passed a law that would allow the Governor to declare Martial Law in individual counties in order to combat the influence of the Ku Klux Klan.[14] However, by 1869 Republican dominance in state politics began to subside as Democrats in the state took control of state government. The Democratic Party would then work to undo the reforms enacted by the Brownlow administration over the next few years.

By the time Reconstruction ended in 1877, Democrats were firmly in control of Tennessee Government, but that control came at an ultimate cost to many of the state's African American voters. From the end of the Civil War until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, African American's voted exclusively for Republicans, but when Southern Conservative Democrats regained control of Southern Legislatures they would enact a series of racist laws known as Jim Crow Laws, that specifically codified racist views into law.[15] Because of these laws passed after the end of Reconstruction, generations of African American citizens would face extreme racial discrimination in everyday life, the rise of lynching, and the rise of segregation.

Throughout the rest of the 19th century, Tennessee voters would only elect and vote mainly for Democrats to the General Assembly, the Governor's office, and federal offices.[2] Between 1869 and 1900, only two Republicans would be elected Governor of Tennessee those were Dewitt Clinton Senter and Alvin Hawkins.[16] As the 19th century faded into the new 20th century, Tennessee voters still preferred the Democratic Party. However, the new century would test that allegiance to voting straight Democratic.

Around 1900 the Temperance movement had really started to gain momentum in the state, and by 1908 the prohibitionists were had a powerful ally in newspaper publisher Edward Carmack.[17] Carmack was challenging Democratic Governor Malcom Patterson who was against Prohibition, and the election was bitter until the very end when Patterson narrowly beat out Carmack.[17] After the election, Carmack was gunned down in Nashville, and Democratic Governor Malcom Patterson would eventually pardon the man who shot Carmack. As a result of this, Republicans would recapture the Governor's office in 1911 when Republican Ben Hooper was elected.[17]

Cordell Hull was appointed Secretary of State by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hull would go on to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to the creation of the United Nations.

By the 1920s Tennessee's Democratic control on both the federal and state level began to crack, when Republican Warren G. Harding become the first Republican candidate for president to carry Tennessee since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868.[2][17] During the late 20's and early 30's, highly regard members of the Democratic Party in Tennessee began to be recognized on a national level. Jo Byrns from Robertson County became Speaker of the House during President Franklin Roosevelt's administration, and[18] Cordell Hull from Pickett County Tennessee became Secretary of State and was one of the architects behind the creation of the United Nations.[19]

Post New Deal Era – present

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The Democratic Party in Tennessee was still the dominant party throughout the New Deal era, and gave rise to the political bosses in both Memphis and Nashville.[17] In Memphis, E.H. Crump rose to power using his influence statewide politics to build political power in Memphis and to get folks that he approved of elected to office. He welded a lot of power until the mid-1940s before his influence began to wane and finally ended in the 1950s.

In the 1950s, Tennessee voters began shifting away from the Democratic Party as the Civil Rights Movement began to pick up steam. Since 1952, Tennessee has only voted Democratic in Presidential Election four times in 1964, 1976, 1992, and 1996.[20] Since the late 1960s Republicans began to chip away at the control that the Democratic Party held in the state starting in 1967 when Howard Baker was elected to the US Senate,[21] followed by Bill Brock's election to the US Senate[21] and with the election of Winfield Dunn to the Governor's office in 1971.[16]

Democratic Control continued to wane throughout the remainder of the 20th century as Republicans continued to gain traction with conservatives in the state. By 2000, Tennessee was in the spotlight again, this time for election between then Vice President Al Gore of Carthage, Tennessee and George W. Bush of Texas.[22] Gore campaigned heavily throughout the state, but by the time the polls had closed George W. Bush had picked up the state's electoral votes.[23]

After 2000, the Democratic Party's control continued to slip, and the last time a Democrat won statewide was in 2006 when then Democratic Governor Phil Bredesen had won re-election.[24] After 2011, the Democratic Party was fully out of power for the first time since Reconstruction.[3] Since then, the Party is considered to be irrelevant in Tennessee Politics as Republicans have firm control over state government.[25]

Representatives Justin Jones, Justin J. Pearson, and Gloria Johnson protest for gun reform on the floor of the Tennessee House of Representatives in the wake of the Covenant School shooting in Nashville.

On April 6, 2023, three Democrats Rep. Justin Jones, Rep. Gloria Johnson, and Rep. Justin J. Pearson faced expulsion from the Tennessee House of Representatives, the first since Franklin Republican Jeremy Durham was expelled in 2016.[26] It was over Jones, Pearson, and Johnson's protest for gun violence prevention and them standing in the well of the House. Speaker Cameron Sexton of Crossville compared their protest to the attack on the US Capitol on January 6, 2021.[27] Republicans voted to expel both Justin Jones and Justin J. Pearson from the House, while voting to not expel Knoxville Rep. Gloria Johnson.[26] Subsequently, Jones and Pearson were both sent back to the House by both their local governments and by voters in their respective districts.[28][29][30][31]

After President Joe Biden decided to end his re-election campaign, Tennessee's delegation to the 2024 Democratic National Convention became the first state delegation to endorse Vice President Kamala Harris and her 2024 Presidential Campaign.[32]

Elected Democratic Officials

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Members of Congress

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Currently Tennessee's Congressional Delegation contains only one Democrat out of the state's nine U.S. House of Representatives seats. Prior to the 2022 Midterm Elections, the Republican Super Majority redrew Nashville into three Congressional Districts to ensure that they have a significant Super Majority in Tennessee's Congressional delegation.[33] The last time Tennessee's Congressional Delegation had a plurality of Democrats was as recent as 2010 when Tennessee Democrats controlled 5 out of the state's 9 House Seats.[34]

Tennessee Democratic Congressional Delegation
District Member Photo
9th Congressional District Steve Cohen
Steve Cohen – Democrat, Congressman for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District

Statewide Offices

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Currently Tennessee does not have an elected Democrat statewide. Tennessee has not elected a Democrat statewide since former Governor Phil Bredesen won re-election in 2006.[24]

State Legislative Leaders

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Since 2011, Tennessee Democrats have been in a Super Minority in both the Tennessee House of Representatives and Tennessee Senate.[3] Currently Tennessee Democrats occupy 24 seats in the Tennessee State House and 6 seats in the Tennessee State Senate.[35][36]

Tennessee House Democratic Leadership
Position State House District Member Photo
Minority Leader[37] District 87[38] Karen Camper
Tennessee House Minority Leader Karen Camper (D) – District 87
Caucus Chairman[37] District 58[39] John Ray Clemmons
Democratic Caucus Chairman John Ray Clemmons (D) – District 55
Assistant Minority Leader[37] District 55[40] Harold Love Jr.
Assistant Minority Leader Harold Love Jr. (D) – District 58
Caucus Vice Chairman[37] District 56[41] Bob Freeman
Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman Bob Freeman (D) – District 56
Minority Floor Leader[37] District 91[42] Torrey Harris
Minority Floor Leader Torrey Harris (D) – District 91.
Assistant Floor Leader[37] District 52[43] Justin Jones
Assistant Floor Leader Justin Jones (D) – District 52
Minority Whip[37] District 53[44] Jason Powell
Minority Whip Jason Powell (D) – District 53
Caucus Treasurer[37] District 67[45] Ronnie Glynn[45]
Democratic Caucus Treasurer Ronnie Glynn (D) – District 67
Minority Leader Pro Tempore[37] District 88[46] Larry J. Miller
Minority Leader Pro Tempore Larry J. Miller (D) – District 88
Tennessee Senate Democratic Leadership
Position State Senate District Member Photo
Minority Leader[47] District 29[48] Raumesh Akbari
Tennessee Senate Minority Leader Raumesh Akbari (D) – District 29
Caucus Chairman[47] District 33[49] London Lamar
Senate Democratic Caucus Chairwoman London Lamar (D) – District 33

Mayors

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Party Leadership

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Hendrell Remus became the first African American man in the history of the Tennessee Democratic Party to be Chair when he was elected in 2021.[50] Prior to becoming Chair, Mr. Remus was Tennessee's Young Democrats of America National Committeeman. Mr. Remus was reelected Chair in 2023.

The Tennessee Democratic Party's leadership consists of a Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary, and Treasurer who are elected by the State Executive Committee.[51] The State's Executive Committee consists of one man and one woman from each State Senate District.[52] On January 16, 2021, the Tennessee Democratic Party's State Executive Committee elected Hendrell Remus to be Chair of the Tennessee Democratic Party.[53][54] Mr. Remus became the first African American to be elected as Chair of the Tennessee Democratic Party.[54]

State Executive Committee

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The Tennessee Democratic Party's Executive Committee consists of 66 elected members from each of Tennessee's 33 Senatorial Districts. Currently the Executive Committee has seven ex-officio members that represents groups that "facilitate communication between the bodies and to advance goals of Democrats in the State of Tennessee."[51]

Elected Members of the Tennessee Democratic Party's State Executive Committee
State Senate District Male Committee Member Term Female Committee Member Term
District 1[55] Jack Waggett Ending August 2026 Dr. Patricia Waters Ending August 2026
District 2[55] J. Nathan Higdon, PhD Ending August 2026 Pamela Weston Ending August 2026
District 3[55] Jeff Clark Ending August 2026 Debbie Harley-McClaskey Ending August 2026
District 4[55] Terry Marek Ending August 2026 Lori Love Ending August 2026
District 5[55] D. Scott Hammond Ending August 2026 Anne Backus Ending August 2026
District 6[55] Mark Siegel Ending August 2026 Sylvia Woods Ending August 2026
District 7[55] Dennis Francis Ending August 2026 Dana Moran Ending August 2026
District 8[55] Rodney Fugate Ending August 2026 Barbara Wagner Ending August 2026
District 9[55] Noah Adkins Ending August 2026 Majorie Ramsey Ending August 2026
District 10[55] Chris Anderson Ending August 2026 Raquetta Dotley Ending August 2026
District 11[55] Ryan Scofield Ending August 2026 Rachel Campbell Ending August 2026
District 12[55] Robert Young Ending August 2026 Carol Abney Ending August 2026
District 13[55] Matthew Burke Ending August 2026 Kimberli Rose Jensen Ending August 2026
District 14[55] Matt Ferry Ending August 2026 Jane Tucker Ending August 2026
District 15[55] Troy Smith Ending August 2026 Anne Ferrell Quillen Ending August 2026
District 16[55] Bobby Bush Ending August 2026 Rupa Blackwell Ending August 2026
District 17[55] Aubrey Givens Ending August 2026 Sherry Jones Ending August 2026
District 18[55] Tyler Templeton Ending August 2026 Megan Lange Ending August 2026
District 19[55] Jonathan Saad Ending August 2026 Dr. Michelle V. Brown Ending August 2026
District 20[55] Matt Anderson Ending August 2026 Lee Jones Ending August 2026
District 21[55] John Summers Ending August 2026 Jennifer Watson Ending August 2026
District 22[55] Rod Mills Ending August 2026 Karen Sorenson Ending August 2026
District 23[55] Zach Kinslow Ending August 2026 Emily McCartney Ending August 2026
District 24[55] Mark Flake Ending August 2026 Tammy Floyd-Wade Ending August 2026
District 25[55] Byron Elam Ending August 2026 Patsy Johnson Ending August 2026
District 26[55] Randall Rice Ending August 2026 Meryl Rice Ending August 2026
District 27[55] Joshua Patrick Ending August 2026 Jody Smith Ending August 2026
District 28[55] Seth Campbell Ending August 2026 Vicki Hale Ending August 2026
District 29[55] Darrick Harris Ending August 2026 Allison Brownlee Ending August 2026
District 30[55] Allan Creasy Ending August 2026 Jasmine Boyd Ending August 2026
District 31[55] Dave Cambron Ending August 2026 Sarah Freeman Ending August 2026
District 32[55] Gregory Patrick Ending August 2026 Deborah Reed Ending August 2026
District 33[55] Jon Carroll Ending August 2026 Rosemary Winters Ending August 2026
Ex-Officio Members of the Tennessee Democratic Party Executive Committee
Representative Organization
Sen. London Lamar[55] Tennessee Senate Democratic Caucus
Rep. John Ray Clemmons[55] Tennessee House Democratic Caucus
Jordan Wilkins[55] Tennessee Democratic County Chairs Association (TDCCA)
Edee Webb[55] Tennessee Federation of Democratic Women (TFDW)
Will Bowen[55] Tennessee Young Democrats (TNYD)
Walker Kinsler[55] Tennessee College Democrats (TNCD)
Leeland Bassham[55] Tennessee High School Democrats (TNHSD)

Tennessee's Democratic National Committee Members

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  • Hendrell Remus – Chair[55]
  • Rachel Campbell – Vice Chair[55]
  • Bill Owen – East Tennessee[55]
  • Carol V. Abney – Middle Tennessee[55]
  • Deborah Reed – West Tennessee[55]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Rust, Randal. "Jacksonians". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Rust, Randal. "Patterns in Presidential Elections in Tennessee". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  3. ^ a b c "Same as the Old Boss: Forrester to Lead State Dems Again". MemphisFlyer. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
  4. ^ "How Tennessee Became a State". tnmuseum.org. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  5. ^ a b c d e "John Quincy Adams". The White House. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  6. ^ "James K. Polk". The White House. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  7. ^ a b "Martin Van Buren". The White House. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  8. ^ "Whig Party | History, Beliefs, Significance, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  9. ^ "James Buchanan". The White House. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  10. ^ a b c "The Time of Troubles | A History of Tennessee Student Edition". tnsoshistory.com. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  11. ^ a b "Andrew Johnson". The White House. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  12. ^ "Lincoln's Assassination". Ford's Theatre. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  13. ^ "U.S. Senate: Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson, 1868". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  14. ^ a b Rust, Randal. "Reconstruction". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  15. ^ "African American Legislators". sharetngov.tnsosfiles.com. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  16. ^ a b Hargett, Tre (January 1, 2020). 2019–2020 Tennessee Blue Book. Nashville, Tennessee: Tennessee Secretary of State. pp. 661, 663, 670.
  17. ^ a b c d e Hargett, Tre (May 15, 2024). 2023–2024 Tennessee Blue Book. Nashville, Tennessee: Tennessee Secretary of State (published January 1, 2024). pp. 637 & 638.
  18. ^ "BYRNS, Joseph Wellington | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  19. ^ "Cordell Hull | US Secretary of State & Nobel Peace Prize Winner | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  20. ^ "Tennessee Presidential Election Voting History – 270toWin". 270toWin.com. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  21. ^ a b "U.S. Senate: States in the Senate | Tennessee Senators". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  22. ^ "United States presidential election of 2000 | Bush vs. Gore, Electoral College, & Supreme Court | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  23. ^ Perez-Pena, Richard (2000-11-09). "THE 2000 ELECTIONS: TENNESSEE; Loss In Home State Leaves Gore Depending on Florida". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  24. ^ a b "CNN.com – Elections 2006". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  25. ^ Motycka, Eli (2024-03-22). "GOP Expands Playbook to Block Democratic Bills". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  26. ^ a b Elliott, Stephen; Daryani, Connor; Beyeler, Kelsey (2023-04-06). "Republicans Vote to Expel Reps. Jones and Pearson; Johnson Expulsion Fails". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  27. ^ "Republicans Move to Expel Democrats Who Protested on House Floor". Nashville Scene. 2023-04-04. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  28. ^ Cavendish, Steve (2023-04-11). "Justin Jones' Quick Path Back to the Legislature". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  29. ^ Simmons, Braden (2023-08-03). "Justin Jones Wins House District 52 Seat — Again". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  30. ^ Burgess, Katherine. "Rep. Justin J. Pearson reelected in special election following expulsion, reappointment". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  31. ^ Stockard, Sam (2024-02-27). "Tennessee House passes bill barring local councils from returning expelled lawmakers • Tennessee Lookout". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  32. ^ Brown, Melissa. "Tennessee's Democratic delegates vote to endorse VP Kamala Harris for president". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  33. ^ Elliott, Stephen (2022-01-12). "GOP Redistricting Plan Splits Nashville Three Ways". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  34. ^ "Statistics of the presidential and congressional election". history.house.gov.
  35. ^ "Senators – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  36. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  38. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  39. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  40. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  41. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  42. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  43. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  44. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  45. ^ a b "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  46. ^ "Representatives – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  47. ^ a b "Senators – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  48. ^ "Senators – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  49. ^ "Senators – TN General Assembly". wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  50. ^ McCall, J. Holly (2021-01-16). "In historic vote, Hendrell Remus becomes first Black chair of Tennessee Democratic Party • Tennessee Lookout". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  51. ^ a b "Bylaws Tennessee democratic executive committee" (PDF). dev-tndp2021.pantheonsite.io.
  52. ^ Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-13-103
  53. ^ McCall, J. Holly (2021-01-16). "In historic vote, Hendrell Remus becomes first Black chair of Tennessee Democratic Party • Tennessee Lookout". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  54. ^ a b Rau, Nate (2021-01-25). "New TNDP chair Hendrell Remus strikes hopeful tone, emphasizes the long game • Tennessee Lookout". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be "Executive Committee – TNDP". Retrieved 2024-05-14.
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