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Multiple timeline of Greece

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This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Greece, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Timeline of Greece

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece
Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section
The Hellenic Republic(Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) is a republic with a parliament, the Parliament of the Hellenes, elected in free multi-party elections, a president elected by the parliament, and a government responsible to the parliament. Greece is member of the European Union. Within Greece the Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain (Αὐτόνομη Μοναστικὴ Πολιτεία Ἁγίου Ὄρους) is an autonomous state with a holy commission with representatives of the monastries and an executive committee. Greece is represented by a governor.
This timeline of Greece includes the timeline of Mainland Greece. The sub-sections give an outline of the history of Crete (until 1913), the Aegean Sea region (1204-1947) and the Ionian Islands (1185-1864).
Athens
  • 1300s BC: The city of Athens develops into a city-state, later one of the dominant Greek states.


Thebes
  • 900s BC: The city of Thebes develops into a city-state, later one the dominant Greek states.
Lacedaemon
  • 900s BC: The city of Sparta develops into a city-state, later one the dominant Greek state, known as Lacedaemon.
Kingdom of Macedonia Corinth
  • 800s BC: The city of Corinth develops into a city-state



  • 632 BC: Cylon attempts to establish himself as a tyrant of Athens. This coup d'état fails.
  • 734 BC: Colonist from Corinth found the colony of Syracuse.
  • 508/507 BC: A revolution establishes democracy in Athens.
  • 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta.
  • 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta.
  • 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta.


  • 382 BC: Thebes is occupied by Sparta.


  • 379 BC: Thebes liberates itself.

  • 379 BC: Corinth allies with Sparta.

Epirus
  • 370 BC: In the north east of present-day Greece and in present-day Albania various Hellenic tribes led by the Molossians unite in Epirus.

  • 359 BC: Phílip II becomes king of Macedonia. During his rule the kingdom is reorganized and Macedonia becomes the dominant Greek state.
  • 339 BC: King [[Ateas] of Scythia is defeated by king Phílip II. Scythia falls apart.
  • 371 BC: Thebes becomes dominant in Greece.
  • 338-335 BC: Macedonia defeats at Chaeronea and conquers in the upcoming period Athens, Corinth and Thebes, followed by the other Hellenic polis. The polis have various degrees of allegiance to Macedonia during the upcoming era.
  • 336 BC: After the death of Phílip II his son Alexander III, a.k.a. Alexander the Great, becomes king. Paeonia is fully incorporated into Macedonia.
  • 335 BC: Alexandros III starts a campaign against a number of rebellious vassals. He successfully pacifies each in turn.
  • 334 BC: Alexandros III attacks Persia. Eastern and Western Thrace are conquered by Alexandros.
  • 333 BC: Cyprus is annexed to Macedonia. Crete is conquered by of Macedonia, later partially as a protectorate and disputed by e.g. the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt.
  • 332 BC: Alexander III conquers Egypt and becomes pharaoh of Egypt.
  • 331 BC: Alexander III becomes Lord of Asia.
  • 330 BC: Alexander III defeats Persia and becomes its king.
  • 325 BC: Cyprus is part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt.
  • 323 BC: After the death of Alexander III, civil war between generals start. He is suceeded by regents. From time to time Athens tries to secede from Macedonia. A coalition of Greek cities including Athens and the Aetolian League starts the Lamian War against Macedonia. The war ends in 322 BC a Macedonian victory.
  • 306 BC: Cyprus is conquered by the Antigonid Kingdom of Macedonia.
  • c.305 BC: The Macedonian Empire is divided. Among the secessions are the Seleucid Empire, the Kingdom of Lysimachos and the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The Greek part is continued as the kingdom of Macedonia, since 305 under king Cassander of the Antipatrid dynasty.
  • 288-285 BC: King Pyrrhus of Epirus is also co-king of Macedonia together with Lysimachus.
  • 281 BC: King Ptolemaios Keraunos of Macedonia becomes also king of Thrace.
  • 280–275 BC: King Pyrrhus commences the Pyrrhic War against Rome. Some of his battles, though successful, causes him heavy losses, so he leaves Italy in 275 BC. During this war he is also tyrant of Syracuse from 278 until 276 BC.
  • 274-272 BC: The rule of Antigonus II in Macedonia is interrupted by Pyrrhos of Epirus.
  • 288-285 BC: King Pyrrhus of Epirus is also co-king of Macedonia together with Lysimachus.
  • 285 BC: Pyrrhus is succeeded in Macedonia by Antigonus II Gonatas.
  • 281 BC: King Ptolemaios Keraunos succeeds Lysimachus and becomes also king of Thrace.
  • 274-272 BC: The rule of Antigonus II is interrupted by Pyrrhos of Epirus.
  • 267–261 BC: A coalition of cities led by Sparta and Athens, supported by Ptolemaic Egypt, commence the Chremonidean War against king Antigonus II. It results in a Macedonian victory which confirmed Antigonid control over the city states of Greece.
Achaean League
  • 280 BC: The Achaean League is formed, including former Corinth.
  • 231 BC: Epirus becomes a federal republic.


  • 171 BC: Rome and its allies attack king Perseus of Macedonia.
  • 192 BC: Lacaedamon is conquered by the Achaean League, led by Philopoimen.
Roman Republic
  • 168 BC: King Perseus of Macedonia is defeated by the Roman Republic. Macedonia and other Hellenic states are (de facto) annexed to the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic develops into a Latin / Greek empire, which in the easter part can be considered as the continuation of the Hellenic states. The Cretan city-states regain independence.
  • 146 BC: The Aechean League is defeated and annexed to the [[user:electionworld/sandbox/Italy#146B|Roman Republic.
  • 69 BC: Crete is conquered by the Roman Republic.
Roman Empire
  • 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
Despotate of Epirus Kingdom of Thessalonica Empire of the Romans Empire of Romania Lordship of Athens
  • 1205: Othon de la Roche becomes lord of Athens, originally as a tributary of Thessalonica, later under the suzerainity of various states.
Principality of Achaea
  • 1205: Guillaume de Champlitte becomes prince of Achaea, originally as a tributary of Thessalonica, later under the suzerainity of various states.
Empire of Thessalonica
  • 1230: Emperor Theodoros is defeated by Bulgaria. Thessalonica is divided.
Despotate of Epirus Empire of Thessalonica
  • 1248-1257: Epirus is under suzerainity of the Empire of the Romans.
  • 1255: Arbanon becomes part of Epirus.
  • 1258: Corfu falls to Sicily.

Duchy of Athens
Roman Empire

  • 1278: King Carlo of Sicily and Naples becomes prince of Achaea.
  • 1282: Carlo loses Sicily, but remains king of Naples, therefore Achaea is ruled in a personal union with Naples.

  • 1311: Athens becomes an appanage of Sicily.
  • 1318: King Jaume II of Aragon becomes also duke of Athens.
  • 1340: Epirus is occupied by the Roman Empire.
  • 1342: During the civil war, the Zealots take over the city of Thessalonica.
Empire of the Serbs and Greeks

  • 1350: The Zealots of Thessalonica are defeated.
Despotate of Morea
  • 1349: Morea becomes an appanage of the Roman Empire.
Despotate of Epirus
  • 1356: Roman rule is restored.

  • 1383: King Carlo III of Naples conquers Achaea.
  • 1386: After the death of Carlo III the throne is disputed.
Subleme Ottoman Empire
  • 1453: Emperor Konstantinos XI Palaiologos refuses to surrender and is killed during the conquest of Constantinopel by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II. The Roman Empire is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
Despotate of Morea
  • 1453: With the Ottoman conquest of the Roman Empire, Morea becomes independent.
  • 1454: A peasants' revolt in Morea is suppressed with Ottoman support.
  • 1458: Athens is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1400s: Inside the Ottoman Empire the Holy Mountain Athos functions as an ecclesiastal tributary state.
  • 1669: Candia is after a 21-year war fully annexed to the Ottoman Empire as a province.
Republic of Venice
Hellenic State
  • 1828: Greece secedes de facto from the Ottoman Empire. Naxos and Euboea become part of liberated Greece.
  • 1829: The London Protocol formulates the boundaries of Greece with the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1830: The second London Protocol confirms sovereignty of Greece.

  • 1828: The rest of Greece remains part of the Ottoman Empire.
Kingdom of Greece
  • 1832: The Ottoman Empire reconizes the independence of Greece. It becomes a constitutional monarchy. The son of the king of Bavaria, Otto becomes king.
  • 1843: After a revolution the military imposes a constitution on king Otto.
  • 1844: Greece has a parliament and a Senate, with appointed members.


  • 1835: Samos becomes semi-independent.
  • 1854: A revolt in Epirus is suppressed in a few months.
  • 1862: After a military revolt king Otto is ousted.
  • 1863: After the removal of king Otto from the throne, prince William of Denmark is acclaimed king Georgios I of the Hellenes.
  • 1864: The Senate is abolished and the parliament is elected on a universal male suffrage in free multi-party elections. The government is responsible to the parliament. With the Treaty of London the United Kingdom cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece.
  • 1878: Another revolt in Epirus, is although Greek officials individually supported it, not supported by Greece and suppressed by the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1908: The Cretan parliament declares unilaterally the union with Greece. This declaration is neither recognized neither enforced.
  • 1909: After military pressure king Georgios installs a new government that passes a large amount of ground-breaking reforms demanded by the military.
  • 1912: The Ottoman Empire loses Icaria.
Western Thrace
  • 1913: Western Thrace is ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Bulgaria. Western Thrace secedes the same year from Bulgaria as an unrecognized state.



Kingdom of Bulgaria
  • 1913: Western Thrace is reincorporated into Bulgaria.
  • 1919: Following the defeat and the occupation of the Ottoman Empire, the Mustafa Kemal leads the Turkish War of Independence against Greece and others. Bulgaria withdraws from Western Thrace.
  • 1920: The Treaty of Sèvres between the France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with the Ottoman Empire ends the war. The Ottoman Empire is partitioned and it loses part of the country to Greece. The Turkish independence war continues. Greece is a founding member of the League of Nations. Bulgaria cedes Western Thrace to Greece.
  • 1921: Northern Epirus is reincorporated into Albania.
  • 1922: Greeces loses the war. With the Treaty of Lausanne it loses lands initially ceded to Greece and a population exchange is agreed. Following the defeat, army officers revolt against the royal government and force the abdication of the restroed king Konstantínos.
  • 1923: A diplomatic and military crisis between Greece and Italy occurs in Corfu. Italy shortly occupies Corfu, but evacuates it the same year. A coup d'état attempt to resore royal power fails.
Hellenic Republic
  • 1924: Greece becomes a democratic republic. Greece gets a president elected by parliament. The parliament becomes bicameral with the establishment of an elected senate. The government is responsible to the parliament.
  • 1925: After an incident involving sentries on the border, Greek troops invade Bulgaria. After the League of Nations condemned the invasion, Greece withdraws .Greece becomes a military dictatorship under Theodoros Pangalos.
  • 1926: Democracy is restored.
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Italy
  • 1941: Part of Greece is occupied by Italy.
Hellenic StateNazi Germany Kingdom of Bulgaria
  • 1941: Part of Greece is annexed to Bulgaria.
Kingdom of Greece
  • 1944: Greece is liberated. The government is responsible to the parliament, elected in free multi-party elections. The ELAS starts to attack other armed resistance groups in an attempt to control the country. A civil war commences. After the liberation of Athos, it has a holy commission with representatives of the monastries and an executive committee. Greece is represented by a governor.
  • 1945: Greece is a founding member of the United Nations.
  • 1946: The ELAS is succeeded by the Democratic Army of Greece.
  • 1947: The Italian Aegean Islands are incorporated into Greece.
  • 1949: The Democratic Army of Greece is defeated and the civil war ends. Greece joins the Council of Europe.
  • 1951: A coup attempt by far-right officers fails.
  • 1952: Greece joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and introduces universal suffrage.
  • 1967: After a military coup d'état the governemt is is overthrown. King Konstantínos II hands over power to a regent and goes in exile. Greece becomes a military dictatorship. Greece withdraws the Council of Europe. A royal counter-coup fails.
Hellenic Republic
  • 1973: Greece becomes a republic.
  • 1974: After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus the dictatorship collapses. Democracy is restored with a president elected by parliament. The government is responsible to the parliament elected in free multi-party elections. Greece rejoins the Council of Europe. In a referendum the abolishment of the monarchy is confirmed. The first president is Michail Stasinopoulos.
  • 1975: Far-right officers sympathetic to the dictatorshop fail in an attempt to restore the dictatorship.
  • 1981: Greece joins the European Communities, predecessors of the European Union.[2]

Timeline of the Aegean Sea

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece
Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section
This sub-section gives an outline of the history of the entities in and around the Aegean Sea. The history of the region before 1204 can be found at the main section on Greece.
Roman Empire
Rhodes Empire of Romania
  • 1205: Lesbos and other islands in the Northern Aegean Sea fall to the Latin Empire, a.k.a. Romania.
Empire of the Romans
  • 1204: After the collapse of the Roman Empire, part of the Aegean Islands become part of the Empire of the Romans at Nicaea.
Lordship of Negroponte
  • 1204: Crusaders conquer Euboea and Jacques II of Avesnes becomes lord of Negroponte as a fief of Thessalonica.
  • 1205: Negroponte becomes a triarchy.
Duchy of the Archipelago[4]
  • 1207: Marco I Sanudo, a nobleman from Venice, becomes the first duke of the Archipelago and separates it from the Empire of the Romans.
Republic of Genoa
  • 1248: Rhodes is conquered by Genoa.
Roman Empire
  • 1261: The empire is continued as the Roman Empire.
Rhodes Lordship of ChiosGenoa
  • 1329: Chios returns to Roman control.
Maona of Chios and PhocaeaGenoa
  • 1346: The Genoese company Maona di Chio e di Focea acquieres Chios.
  • 1348: The original shareholders that lived in Genoa sell their shares to colonists in Chios, led by the Giustiniani family.

LesbosGenoa


  • 1390: When the last triarchs, Niccolo III dalle Carceri and Giorgio III Ghisi, die, they leave Negroponte to Venice, which establishes complete predominance while maintaining the triarchic system.

Subleme Ottoman Empire
  • 1462: Lesbos is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.



  • 1537: The duchy becomes a tributary of the Ottoman Empire.


Principality of SamosOttoman Empire
  • 1835: Samos becomes semi-independent with prince Stefan Bogoridi assisted by a governing council. Samos has a parliament elected on a limited suffrage.
Hellenic State
  • 1828: Naxos and Euboea become part of liberated Greec.
Kingdom of Greece
  • 1832: Greece becomes a kingdom.
DodecaneseItaly
  • 1911: Italy conquers the Dodecanese Islands from the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1912: The Dodecanese get a military governor.
Free State of Icaria
  • 1912: Icaria secedes and has its own provisional president and government.



  • 1920: The king appoints a viceroy to govern the islands.
  • 1913: Icaria and most of the Northern Aegean Islands are annexed to Greece.
Kingdom of Italy
  • 1923: The Dodecanese is formally annexed to Italy as the Italian Aegean Islands and is governed by an Italian governor.

Hellenic Republic

  • 1924: Greece becomes a republic.



Kingdom of Greece
  • 1935: Greece becomes a kingdom.


Hellenic State Nazi Germany
  • 1941: Greece is occupied by |Nazi Germany]]



Kingdom of Greece
  • 1944: Greece is liberated.
  • 1947: The Aegean Islands are incorporated into Greece.

Timeline of Crete

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece
Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section
Kingdom of Macedonia
  • 333 BC: Crete is part of Macedonia, later partially as a protectorate and disputed by e.g. the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt.
Roman Republic
  • 69 BC: Crete is conquered by the Roman Republic.
Roman Empire
  • 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
Emirate of Crete Arab Caliphate
Roman Empire
Kingdom of Candia Venice
Subleme Ottoman Empire
  • 1669: After the Siege of Candia, Candia is fully annexed to the Ottoman Empire as a province.
  • 1770: A Greek uprising against Ottoman rule in is suppressed.
  • 1866: A revolt against Ottoman power in Crete commences. The Ottoman army stages a massacre at the Arkadi Monastery.
  • 1869: The Cretan revolt is defeated. The political rights of Christians in Crete are strengthened.
CreteOttoman Empire
  • 1878: A revolt ends with the Pact of Halepa that accords a certain number of concessions to the Cretan people. Crete becomes autonomous and gets a parliament and a governor.
  • 1889: The autonomous status is dissolved.
Crete
  • 1898: Crete is effectively detached from the Ottoman Empire (de jure under suzerainty) and gets a high-commissioner and a parliament.
  • 1908: The Cretan parliament declares unilaterally the union with Greece. This declaration is neither recognized neither enforced.
Kingdom of Greece
  • 1913: Upon the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Greece recognizes the union with Crete.

Timeline of the Ionian Islands

[edit]
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece
Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section
Roman Empire
County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
Republic of Genoa
  • 1197: Corfu is conquered by Genoa.
  • 1195: Maio I Orsini becomes count palatinate, bringing the Orsini family to the throne.
Republic of Venice
  • 1207: Genoa loses Corfu to Venice.
Despotate of Epirus
  • 1214: Corfu falls to Epirus.
Empire of Thessalonica
  • 1224: Epirus merges into Thessalonica.
Despotate of Epirus
  • 1230: Epirus is separated from Thessalonica.
Kingdom of Sicily
  • 1258: Corfu falls to Sicily.
Kingdom of Naples
  • 1282: Corfu falls to Naples.
Republic of Venice
  • 1363: Venice conquers part of the Ionian Islands from Naples and from Cephalonia and Zakynthos.
  • 1479: Zakyntos becomes part of the Venetian Ionian Islands.
  • 1499: Venice and the Ottoman Empire commence the Ottoman-Venetian War for control of the lands that were contested between the two parties in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
Subleme Ottoman Empire
  • 1479: Cephalonia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1499: Venice and the Ottoman Empire commence the Ottoman-Venetian War for control of the lands that were contested between the two parties in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
  • 1500: Cephalonia becomes part of the Venetian Ionian Islands.
  • 1503: Venice is defeated. It loses strongholds in Morea, buth Cephalonia and Ithaca remain Venetian.
French Republic
  • 1797: France annexes the Ionian Islands.
Septinsular Republic
  • 1800: The Septinsular Republic is established as a joint Russian and Ottoman protectorate.
  • 1807: The Republic becomes a French protectorate and the constitution is abolished.
  • 1809: The islands are partly occupied by the United Kingdom.
United States of the Ionian Islands
  • 1815: A British protectorate is established. Spiridon Theotokis becomes head of government.
  • 1817: The Ionian Islands become a federal state under the direction of a British high commissioner. The islands have an executive senate with a president and a parliament elected on a limited suffrage.
  • 1849: The suffrage is extended.
Kingdom of Greece
  • 1864: With the Treaty of London the United Kingdom cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece.

  1. ^ The name Byzantine Empire for the (Eastern) Roman Empire since 395 is used by historicans afterwards, but that was never a contemporary name.
  2. ^ In 1993 with the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1991, the European Economic Community is renamed into the European Community, the institutions of the three communities (the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community) merge into the institutions of the European Communities, being the first pillar of the European Union. In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.
  3. ^ The name Byzantine Empire for the (Eastern) Roman Empire since 395 is used by historicans afterwards, but that was never a contemporary name.
  4. ^ The Duchy of the Archipelago is also rendered as Duchy of Naxos and as Duchy of the Aegean.
  5. ^ The name Byzantine Empire for the (Eastern) Roman Empire since 395 is used by historicans afterwards, but that was never a contemporary name.
  6. ^ The name Byzantine Empire for the (Eastern) Roman Empire since 395 is used by historicans afterwards, but that was never a contemporary name.