User:Electionworld/sandbox/Hungary

Multiple timeline of Hungary

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Hungary, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

Hungary (Magyarország) is a republic with a parliament, the National Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, a government responsible to the parliament and a president elected by the parliament. Hungary is member of the European Union. In the past Hungary also included regions that are nowadays part of Slovakia, Croatia, Ukraine and Romania.

Roman Empire 9 BC: The Roman Empire conquers present-day Hungary west of the Danube, populated by Celtic and Illyrian tribes, and adds it as Pannonia to the Roman Empire. The region east of the Danube is settles by the Iazyges, a Sarmatian nomadic tribe. 375: Nomadic Huns, a nomadic tribal confederation who live in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia since the 1st century, begin invading Europe from the eastern steppes, instigating the Great Age of Migrations. 380: The Huns penetrate into present-day Hungary. The Romans allow Goths, Alans, Huns, Marcomanni and Quadi to settle Pannonia. 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. Pannonia becomes part of the Western part of the Empire. Huns 420: Most of the area is conquered by the Huns coming from the Pontic-Caspic steppes and their allies, the Alans, led by their king Rugila. Their realm includes present-day Slovenia. 530: The conquers present-day Serbia 434: After his death, he is succeeded by his nephews Attila and (until c. 445) Bleda. 440s: Most of present-day Austria, Slovakia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo is conquered. 453: Attilla dies. He is succeeded by Ellac. 454: The Huns are defeated at Nedao and withdraw from the region Kingdom of the Ostrogoths 454: After the death of Attila, Valamir unites the Ostrogoths and establishes a kingdom including present-day Western Hungary, in the beginning as vassal of the Romans. Kingdom of the Gepids 454: The east, including former Dacia, is ruled by Ardaric, king of the Gepids, an East Germanic tribe. Kingdom of the Goths and the Romans 493: King Theodoricus defeats Odoacer and conquers Italy, making it the centre of its kingdom. Kingdom of the Lombards 500s: The Ostrogoths are defeated in the region by the Lombards. Avar Khaganate 567: The Gepids, led by Cunimund are defeated and replaced by the Avars under Khagan Bayan I. King Alboinus, a.k.a. Alboin, leads the Lombards and allies in the migration and conquest of Italy. The Avar Khaganate includes present-day Romania, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia (from 568) and Slovenia (from 585), Serbia and Croatia (from 600s). 623: Part of their realm is conquered by Samo's Empire. 658: Samo's Empire is defeated by the Avars. 788: Carolus I conquers part of the Avar Khaganate. Frankish Empire 804: The Avar Khaganate is destroyed by the Frankish Empire. Kingdom of the East Franks 843: After the partition of Francia, the region is under control of East Francia. 800s: Hungarian tribes migrate from Etelköz to the Pannonian Basin. 862: Invasions of Magyars in East Francia are recorded. 892: The Hungarian troops attack Great Moravia in alliance with the East Francian king Arnulf of Carinthia. 894: In alliance with Svätopluk of Great Moravia, the Hungarians attack the East Francian province of Pannonia. Principality of Hungary 895: King Simeon of Bulgaria allies with the Pechenegs and attacks the Magyars, a.k.a. Hungarians, forcing them to retreat towards West and enter in the Carpathian Basin. They establish the Principality of Hungary, led by Prince Árpád. Hungary also includes present-day Slovakia. After the foundation of the principality, Hungarian armies invade in the upcoming decades parts of Central and Western Europe. 900s: Hungary invades and annexes the Wendic March. The march is inhabited by Hungarians and Slovenes. 905: Hungarian troops intervene in the war in Italy between Berengario of Friuli of Friuli and his enemy, king Louis of Provence. Louis is defeated by the Hungarians. 907: Moravia is conquered by Hungary. 919: A Hungarian army enters France. King Charles III retreats, and lets them to plunder his realm. 920: A Hungarian army enters Italy and defeats the forces of Rodolphe II of Burgundy, who attacked king Berengario. 955: King Otto of Germany defeats at Lechfeld the Magyars and prevents them from entering Central Europe. Duke Boleslavl of Bohemia conquers Moravia. 959: A Hungarian army attacks the Roman Empire and plunders its territories until Constantinople, but is defeated by the Roman army. 966: A Hungarian army attacks Bulgaria and force tsar Petŭr to conclude peace with them and to let them cross to the Roman Empire. 970: An Hungarian army supports Sventoslavŭ of Rus' in his attack of the Roman Empire. The Romans defeat at Arcadiopolis Sviatoslav's army. This defeat leads to the end of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. Kingdom of Hungary 1000: István I of the House of Árpád becomes king of Hungary. 1018: After a bitter 50-years struggle the Roman conquest of Bulgaria is completed by emperor Basileios II. Byzantium establishes control over Bulgaria and much of the Balkan Peninsula, Hungary expands into Transylvania. 1030: Hungary expands into Banat. 1041: Aba Sámuel deposes king Péter. 1044: After an intervention of the German emperor Heinrich III, Péter is returned to the throne. 1060: King András is killed in battle and is succeeded by Béla. 1097: King Kálmán of Hungary invades Croatia to seize the throne. He defeats at Gvozd Mountain Petar Svačić, another claimant to the throne. As a result he becomes king of both countries. 1102: In the Pacta conventa institutions of separate Croatian statehood are maintained in the personal union with Hungary. 1136: Hungary conquers Bosnia. 1154: Hungary appoints Borić as ban of Bosnia. 1166: The Roman Empire defeats the Hungarians. 1189-1192: Hungary takes part in the Third Crusade that fails to re-conquer Jerusalem, but in which the Kingdom of Cyprus is established. 1213-1221: Hungary takes part in the Fifth Crusade that is defeated by the Arabs. 1214: Hungary conquers Halych and Volhynia. 1221: Galicia-Volhynia becomes independent. 1235-1241: Hungary attacks Bosnia in a crusade, which remains indecisive. 1241: A Hungarian army is defeated at Mohi by a Mongol army. After the death of Ögedei Khan the Mongols retreat and devaste Serbia and Bulgaria. 1260: King Otakar II of Bohemia defeats at Kressenbrunn king Béla IV and remains ruler of Austria. 1265: King Béla IV is defeated at Isaszeg by his son and deposed junior king István V and cede the government of the eastern parts of his kingdom again to his son. 1271: The Peace of Pressburg between king István V and king Otakar II of Bohemia ends the war between their countries. 1278: King Otakar II of Bohemia is defeated at the Marchfeld by an alliance of Rudolf of Habsburg and king László IV of Hungary. 1284-1285: The Golden Horde raids Hungary. 1305: Co-duke Otto III of Bavaria becomes as Béla V also king of Hungary. 1307: King Béla V is overthrown. 1308: Károly Róbert of the House of Anjou becomes king of Hungary and Croatia. Around that time Hungary brings Moldavia and Wallachia under its control. 1330: Wallachia secedes from Hungary. 1344: King Lajos invades Wallachia and Moldavia and establishes a system of vassalage. 1347–1352: Lajos commences a campaign against Naples to revenge his brother András en to depose his wife, queen Giovanna. The war ends with a Status quo ante bellum. 1359: Moldavia becomes more or less autonomous within Hungary under prince Dragoș. 1365: Vidin is conquered by Hungary. 1366: Lajos supports the Roman Empire and defeats the Ottoman Empire at Nicapoli. 1369: Vidin is restored. 1370: King Lajos is after the death of his wife also king of Poland. 1382: After the death of Lajos Poland is separated from Hungary. His daughter Mária becomes queen regnant of Hungary and Croatia. 1385: King Carlo III of Naples ousts queen Mária and becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia. 1386: After the murder of Carlo III, Mária becomes queen again. 1387: Elector Sigismund of Brandenburg becomes by marriage with Mária king of Hungary and Croatia, bringing the House of Luxembourg to the throne. 1388: Sigismund leaves Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst. 1396: The Ottoman Empire wins a decisive victory at Nicopolis of Bulgaria, Hungary and their allies. 1411: King Sigismund of Hungary is elected king of the Germans and becomes again elector of Brandenburg. 1415: The personal union with Brandenburg ends. 1419: Sigismund becomes king of Bohemia. The Bohemian Hussites begin a rebellion against both catholicism and the Holy Roman Empire. 1437/1438: Duke Albrecht IV of Austria becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia and of Bohemia. His successor László (Ladislaus) combines this titles, but his rule of Hungary-Croatia is disputed between 1438 and 1444 by the king of Poland. 1440: King Władysław III of Poland becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia. 1442: The Hungarian military leader Hunyadi János defeats at Szeben the Ottoman forces and Wallachia again accepts the suzerainty of Hungary. 1443: An alliance led by king Władysław III starts a crusade against the Ottomans in Bulgaria. 1444: The Ottomans are victorious over the allied armies and Władysław III dies. The personal union of Poland with Hungary and Croatia ends. Duke Ladislaus of Austria is as László restored as king of Hungary and Croatia. 1448: A combined Hungarian and Wallachian army is defeated in Kosovo by the Ottomans. 1456: Hungary defeats at Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) sultan Meḥmed II of the Ottoman Empire. Hunyadi János dies at this battle. 1458: Hungary and Croatia are separated from Austria with Hunyadi Mátyás as king. 1468: King Hunyadi Mátyás invades Bohemia and Moravia. He is elected anti-king and claims Bohemia and Moravia. 1469: Hunyadi Mátyás conquers and annexes Moravia and Silesia 1478: In the Treaty of Brno, Moravia and Silesie goes to Hunyadi Mátyás. Both Vladislav II and Hunyadi Mátyás monarchs are permitted to use the title King of Bohemia. King Hunyadi Mátyás commences a war with Austrian archduke Friedrich III. 1479: An Hungarian army defeats at Breadfield an Ottoman Army. 1485: King Hunyadi Mátyás of Hungary claims to be ruler of Austria and controls part of the region until 1490. 1490: King Vladislav (Ulászló ) II of Bohemia as one of the claimants to the Hungarian throne after the death of Hunyadi Mátyás becomes also king of Hungary and margrave of Moravia. Moravia and Silesia are returned to Bohemia. A war with the Austrian archduke and Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian claims the Hungarian throne, commences. 1491: In the Peace of Pressburg Vladislav renounces Lower Austria, conquered by Hunyadi Mátyás in Austria, and is recognized as king of Hungary. 1493: The Ottoman Empire commences a long war with Croatia. It conquers parts of the country. 1514: A peasant's uprising led by Dózsa György is suppressed in Transylvania. 1516: Vladislav II is succeeded by his son Ludvík (Lajos) I. 1520: Sultan Süleyman conquers Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade). 1521: Hungary establishes an estates assembly. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1526: King Lajos II is defeated at Mohács. Most of Hungary is conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Habsburgians and the Ottomans are often in war to get control in Central Europe. It commences with the battle of Mohács, won by the Ottomans, ending the independence of Hungary. Habsburg Monarchy 1526: King Lajos II is defeated at Mohács. Most of Hungary is conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria becomes after the death of king Ludvík also king of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia. Ferdinand creates central institutions. The joint territories ruled by Austria, together also rendered Habsburg Monarchy, form the leading state inside the Holy Roman Empire, though parts are outside the Holy Roman Empire. They can be differentiated into the Austrian Hereditary Lands, the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen and the Lands of the Saint Wenceslaus' Crown. Within the Habsburg Monarchy, each entity is governed according to its own particular customs. The Habsburgians and the Ottomans are often in war to get control in Central Europe. 1526: King Lajos II is defeated at Mohács. Most of Hungary is conquered by the Ottoman Empire. At the same time Zápolya János claims also to be king of Hungary. 1529: The Ottoman sultan Süleyman is defeated by the Austrian archduke Ferdinand at the siege of Vienna. 1529: The Ottoman sultan Süleyman is defeated by the Austrian archduke Ferdinand at the siege of Vienna. 1533: The Treaty of Constantinople ends hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Austria. Austria retreats out of most parts of Hungary and Szapolyai János becomes king of Hungary under Ottoman suzerainity. 1533: The Treaty of Constantinople ends hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Austria. Austria retreats out of most parts of Hungary and Szapolyai János becomes king of Hungary under Ottoman suzerainity. 1533: The Treaty of Constantinople ends hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Austria. Austria retreats out of most parts of Hungary and Szapolyai János becomes king of Hungary under Ottoman suzerainity. 1538: In a secret Treaty of Nagyvárad emperor Ferdinand recognizes Szapolyai János as king of Hungary while he retains the western parts of Hungary. Parts of Hungary are occupied by the Ottoman Empire. 1538: In a secret Treaty of Nagyvárad emperor Ferdinand recognizes Szapolyai János as king of Hungary while he retains the western parts of Hungary. Parts of Hungary are occupied by the Ottoman Empire. Hungary continues as a rump state ruled by the archduke of Austria. Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1538: In a secret Treaty of Nagyvárad emperor Ferdinand recognizes Szapolyai János as king of Hungary while he retains the western parts of Hungary. Parts of Hungary are occupied by the Ottoman Empire. This leads to establishment of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, supported by the Ottoman Empire, with Zápolya János as king. It includes part of present-day Slovakia, Transylvania and Serbia. 1540: Zápolya János is succeeded by Szapolyai János Zsigmond. 1551: The Treaty of Weissenburg makes Ferdinand of Austria king of Hungary, including Transylvania. Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1556: Szapolyai János Zsigmond re-establishes Eastern Hungary. 1566: The Ottoman Empire defeats at Szigetvár the Habsburgians. 1570: The northern part of Eastern Hungary becomes part of Hungary. 1573: A peasant's rebel against the Hungarian nobility is defeated, followed by a bloody retribution by the nobility. 1593: The Long Turkish War between the Austrians and the Ottomans over Wallachia, Transsylvania and Moldavia commences. Croatia and its allies defeat at Sisak the Ottoman Empire and ends the Croatian-Ottoman War. Principality of Transylvania 1570: Eastern Hungary is continued as the Ottoman vassal state Transylvania, with Szapolyai János Zsigmond as prince. 1599: Voivode Mihai II of Wallachia defeats at Șelimbăr the Habsburgians and conquers Transylvania. 1601: Mihai II defeats a army of Hungarian nobles. Shortly after he is assassinated by the order of the Habsburg general Giorgio Basta. 1606: With the Treaty of Vienna an anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary comes to an end. in Royal Hungary. The related Austrian-Ottoman war ends with the Peace of Zsitvatorok. 1619: Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania attacks Hungary with Slovakia. 1621: The Peace of Nikolsburg ends the war between prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania and Ferdinand II of Austria. 1626: The Peace of Pressburg makes a definitive end to the revolt of Bethlen Gábor. 1664: The Ottomans are stopped at Saint Gotthard in a second attempt to conquer central Europe. The Peace of Vasvár makes an end to the war. 1670: A magnate conspiracy against the Habsburg rule in Hungary and Croatia is defeated. 1681: Thököly Imre leads an anti-Habsburg rebellion. 1683: The Ottoman Empire attacks the Habsburg Empire and almost captures Vienna. In reaction a alliance of the Holy Roman Empire, led by the Habsburgs, Poland-Lithuania, Hungary and Croatia, Spain, Venice and others is formed to fight the Great Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire and its vassal states. Austria and their main ally Poland-Lithuania under the command of king Jan III Sobieski defeat the [Ottoman Empire at the second siege of Vienna. Principality of Upper Hungary 1682: Upper Hungary secedes and becomes an Ottoman vassal state ruled by prince Thököly Imre. It includes part of present-day Slovakia. 1685: The army of Thököly Imre is defeated at Eperjes together with his Ottoman allies. Upper Hungary is abandoned by the Ottoman Empire and reincorporated into Hungary. 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans cede most of Hungary, Transylvania and Slavonia to the Habsburg Empire while Podolia returns to Poland-Lithuania. 1711: Transylvania is annexed to Hungary as the Principality of Transylvania. The Treaty of Szatmár ends the Kuruc Rebellion led by Francis II Rákóczi. 1756: Transylvania is raised in rank to the Grand Principality of Transylvania. Empire of Austria 1804: Archduke Franz II becomes emperor of Austria, being at the same time emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806).Hungary is integrated into the Austrian Empire, of which it forms the constituent Kingdom of Hungary. 1807: Austria crushes a rebellion in Syrmia. 1808: Another rebellion is surpressed. 1848: In a revolution Hungary tries to secede from Austria. It establishes a provisional parliament. National minorities inside Hungary as well as the imperial government resist the revolution. 1849: A separatist government is formed in Hungary. The revolution is defeated. Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph makes Austria a constitutional dual monarchy as the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. The Kingdom of Hungary, or Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, is one of the two constituent monarchies and becomes a constitutional monarchy. Inside Austria-Hungary Hungary gets its own bicameral parliament with a chamber elected on a limited suffrage and a senate with nobility, clergy and hereditary as well as life peers, and its own government. Transylvania is fully incorporated into Hungary. 1914: In Serajevo Gavrilo Princip assassinates archduke Franz Ferdinand. In reaction to the assassination Austria-Hungary declares war, World War I, on Serbia. Germany attacks France, Belgium and Luxembourg. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany. Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers alliance of Austria-Hungary and Germany. World War I is a fact. 1918: Russia pulls out of the war with the second Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The same year Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers are defeated. Austria-Hungary is dissolved. Hungarian People's Republic 1918: Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers lose World War I. Austria-Hungary collapses. Hungary gets after the Aster Revolution a provisional government and becomes a republic with a provisional president. Hungary becomes a democratic republic led by Károlyi Mihály. Universal suffrage is introduced. The Baranya is occupied by Serbian forces and administered by Yugoslavia. Hungarian Soviet Republic 1919: Hungary becomes a communist dictatorship. Romania invades Hungary. Communist Hungary invades Czechoslovakia and establishes the Slovak Soviet Republic as a unrecognized puppet state. Hungary reaches an armistice with Czechoslovakia and retreats. Romania marches to Budapest and the communists are overthrown. Hungarian Republic 1919: Archduke Joseph August becomes regent. Hungary becomes an authoritarian republic. The allied powers force Joseph August to resign. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with Germany-Austria ends the war with the formal dissolution of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The Treaty of Trianon between the France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with Hungary ends the war. Hungary cedes with this Treaty of Trianon parts to Czechoslovakia, the Yugoslavia, Banat, Poland, Romania (Transylvania), Italy and the short-lived Hutsul and Prekmurje. Kingdom of Hungary 1920: Hungary becomes an authoritarian state. A parliament is established elected on a universal suffrage. Hungary becomes a kingdom without a monarch, ruled by a regent, Horthy Miklós. Baranya is formally divided between Hungary and Yugoslavia. 1921: The former King Charles I of Austria, who had also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary, returns to Hungary twice, to try, unsuccessfully, to retake his throne. His attempts are also called the "First" and "Second Royal coups d'état against Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary. Hungarians in the region refuse to accept cession of the Leitha Banat to Austria and establish the unrecognized Leitha Banat. The Leitha Banat, without the city of Sopron, is incorporated as Burgenland into Austria. Sopron becomes part of Hungary. The Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic secedes with Petar Dobrović as president. The Hungarian army defeats the separatists. 1922: Hungary gets a parliament partially elected by open, not secret vote on a limited suffrage in a multi-party election. Hungary joins the League of Nations. 1926: Hungary gets an additional senate on corporative basis. 1938: The suffrage is further limited. With the Munich agreement Czechoslovakia is forced to secede parts of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia to Hungary. 1939: Hungary withdraws from the League of Nations. It annexes Carpatho-Ukraine. 1940: Hungary joins the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. It annexes the northern part of Transylvania. 1941: Nazi Germany together with Hungary and Italy invades and conquers as part of World War II Yugoslavia followed by Greece. Hungary is involved in the German invasion of the Soviet Union. 1944: Nazi Germany forcefully replaces the government with a pro-Nazi government. 1944: The same year Hungary is occupied by the Soviet Union and loses the annexed territories. Hungary gets a provisional government. Republic of Hungary 1945: A unicameral parliament is elected in a multi-party election on a universal suffrage. A high national council as collective head of state is appointed. 1946: Hungary becomes de jure a democracy and de facto a communist dominated republic with a parliament elected in multi-party elections. 1948: Hungary becomes a communist dictatorship. People's Republic of Hungary 1949: Hungary is renamed. The parliament is elected in a single list system. It elects a presidential council, whose chairman acts as head of state, but power is held by the general secretary of the communist party. Hungary is a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). 1955: Hungary is a founding member of the Warsaw Pact. 1956: The restoration of multi-party democracy is announced. A broad revolution against the Soviet-supported communist state is defeated after an invasion by the Soviet Union. The communist dictatorship is restored. 1968: Hungary is involved in the invasion by the Warsaw Pact into Czechoslovakia. Republic of Hungary 1989: Communism is peacefully overthrown when opposition parties are allowed8. Hungary organizes round tables talks in the transition to democracy. 1990: The parliament is elected in free multi-party elections. The government is responsible to the parliament. The parliament elects the president. Hungary joins the Council of Europe. 1991: The Warsaw Pact and the Comecon are disbanded. 1999: Hungary joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2004: Hungary joins the European Union. Hungary 2012: Hungary is renamed.