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Timeline of Luxembourg

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This scheme is a timelime of the history of Luxembourg, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg / Großherzogtum Luxemburg / Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) is a monarchy with a hereditary grand duke, a parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, elected in free multi-party elections and a government responsible to the parliament. Luxembourg is member of the European Union.
Roman Republic
  • 50s BC: The Roman Empire conquers present-day Luxembourg, populated by the celtic tribe of the Treveri.
Roman Empire
  • 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
Gallic Empire
  • 260: The region becomes part of the seccessionist Gallic Empire.
Roman Empire
  • 274: Emperor Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus is defeated and the Gallic Empire is reincorporated into the Roman Empire.
  • 300s: Franks enter the Roman Empire as allies.
  • 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Western part of the Empire.
Franks
  • 410s: Rome abandons the region, the Franks take over.
Kingdom of the Franks
  • 481: Chlodovechus or Clovis unites most Frankish tribes as king of the Franks. His kingdom gradually annexes most of the other Frankish states in and outside the Western Roman Empire. During the area of partitions, the region is part of Austrasia.
Kingdom of the Middle Franks
Kingdom of Lotharingia
  • 855: With the partition of Middle-Francia, the region becomes part of Lotharingia.
Kingdom of the East Franks[1]
  • 869: Lotharingia becomes part of East Francia.
Kingdom of Lotharingia
  • 895: The kingdom of Lotharingia is restored.
Duchy of Lotharingia
  • 903: Lotharingia is continued as duchy.
  • 911: After the election of Konrad as king of East Francia, duke Reginar attaches Lotharingia to king Carolus III of West Francia.
  • 922: Carolus III is overthrown in West Francia by Robert I, but remains king in Lotharingia.
  • 923: Carolus III is overthrown and Lotharingia becomes a fief of East Francia.
Duchy of Lower Lotharingia
County of Luxembourg
Duchy of Luxembourg
  • 1354: Wenzel is raised in rank to duke of the Luxembourg.
  • 1355: Wenzel becomes by marriage duke of Brabant and Limburg.
  • 1383: After his death Brabant and Limburg are separated from Luxembourg. His nephew and son of Karel IV, king Wenzel of Bohemia becomes duke of Luxembourg.
  • 1388: Wenzel IV gives Luxembourg in pawn to his cousin Jobst, who is also margrave of Moravia and Brandenburg
  • 1411: After the death of Jobst, the duchy goes to Elisabeth of Görlitz.
The Netherlands
  • 1443: Duke Philippe II of Burgundy becomes by conquest duke of Luxembourg, uniting them with other Netherlands entities.
  • 1477: The duchy of Burgundy itself is annexed to France. Maximilian I of the House of Habsburg becomes by marriage with duchess Marie duke of Burgundy and Luxembourg and ruler of the Netherlands.
  • 1482: Maximilian is succeeded by his son Philipp under guardianship of Maximilian until 1494.
  • 1504: Philipp IV becomes by marriage king Felipe of Castile.
  • 1506: He dies the same year and is succeeded by his son Karl as duke of Burgundy.
  • 1516: Karl becomes as Carlos I also king of Spain.
  • 1519: Karl becomes as Karl V Holy Roman Emperor and archduke of Austria.
  • 1521: Karl V grants the Austrian lands to his younger brother Ferdinand I, whereby the personal union with Spain ends. He remains as duke of Burgundy and Luxembourg ruler of the Netherlands.
  • 1555: Karl V abdicates in the Netherlands and is succeeded by his son Felipe II as ruler of the Netherlands.
Spanish NetherlandsSpain
  • 1556: Felipe II becomes king of Spain and brings the Netherlands under Spanish rule.
  • 1683: France conquers and occupies Luxembourg.
  • 1697: Luxembourg is returned to Spain.
Austrian NetherlandsHabsburg Monarchy
  • 1713: After Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession, emperor Karl VI, ruler of Habsburg Monarchy becomes ruler of the Netherlands, renamed into the Austrian Netherlands.
  • 1740: After the death of emperor Karl VI his daughter, Maria Theresia, becomes archduchess and ruler of Austria. Her succession is disputed and this dispute leads to the War of the Austrian Succession.
  • 1748: The Treaty of Aachen ends the War of the Austrian Succession. France withdraws from the Austrian Netherlands.
United Belgian States
  • 1790: Luxembourg secedes as part of the United Belgian States.
Austrian NetherlandsHabsburg Monarchy
  • 1790: Austrian rule is restored the same year.
French Republic
French Empire
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, shortly before the final defeat at Waterloo of Napoleon, Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom agree on the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the re-division of Europe. Its provisions include king Willem I of the Netherlands as grand duke of Luxembourg in a personal union and Luxembourg joining the German Confederation.
  • 1830: The Belgian Revolution leads to the separation of the Southern Provinces from the Netherlands and to the establishment of Kingdom of Belgium. The western part of Luxembourg is ceded to Belgium.
  • 1839: The Treaty of London makes the eastern part of Luxembourg an independent country in a personal union with the Netherlands. The western part is recognized as part of Belgium.
  • 1841: Luxembourg gets a parliament indirectly elected by limited suffrage.
  • 1848: A constituent assembly is elected. The new constitution enlarges the powers of the parliament and the government is responsible to the parliament.
  • 1856: The pre-1848 constitution is restored.
  • 1866: After the Austro-Prussian War the German Confederation is dissolved.
  • 1867: After a diplomatic crisis after an attempt of France to buy Luxembourg, the Treaty of London reaffirms the neutrality of Luxembourg.
  • 1868: The 1848 constitution is restored. The parliament is elected in elections on a limited suffrage. The government is responsible to parliament.
  • 1890: After the death of king Willem III, the personal union with the Netherlands ends. Adolph, former duke of Nassau, becomes grand duke.
German Empire
  • 1940: Nazi Germany invades and conquers as part of World War II Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands as well as the Northern and Western part of France. Luxembourg is annexed to Germany.
  • 1944: The allied forces of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Free French, Poland launch an invasion of Normandy, creating a third Front.
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

  1. ^ East Francia and the Holy Roman Empire consists out of entities with own rulers subject to the emperor. This remains under Burgundian, Habsburgian, Spanish and Austrian rule. With the annexation to France and the end of Austrian rule, the allegiance to the Holy Roman Empire ends in 1795.
  2. ^ In 1993 with the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1991, the European Economic Community is renamed into the European Community, the institutions of the three communities (the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community) merge into the institutions of the European Communities, being the first pillar of the European Union. In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.