User:Electionworld/sandbox/Luxembourg

Timeline of Luxembourg

This scheme is a timelime of the history of Luxembourg, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg / Großherzogtum Luxemburg / Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) is a monarchy with a hereditary grand duke, a parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, elected in free multi-party elections and a government responsible to the parliament. Luxembourg is member of the European Union.

Roman Republic 50s BC: The Roman Empire conquers present-day Luxembourg, populated by the celtic tribe of the Treveri. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. Gallic Empire 260: The region becomes part of the seccessionist Gallic Empire. Roman Empire 274: Emperor Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus is defeated and the Gallic Empire is reincorporated into the Roman Empire. 300s: Franks enter the Roman Empire as allies. 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Western part of the Empire. Franks 410s: Rome abandons the region, the Franks take over. Kingdom of the Franks 481: Chlodovechus or Clovis unites most Frankish tribes as king of the Franks. His kingdom gradually annexes most of the other Frankish states in and outside the Western Roman Empire. During the area of partitions, the region is part of Austrasia. Kingdom of the Middle Franks 843: After the death emperor of Ludovicus and a civil war, Francia is partitioned in the Treaty of Verdun into Middle Francia, East Francia and West Francia. Lotharius becomes emperor of the Middle Franks. Middle Francia includes present-day Eastern and Southern France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Saarland and parts of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westfalia, Italy and Switzerland. Kingdom of Lotharingia 855: With the partition of Middle-Francia, the region becomes part of Lotharingia. Kingdom of the East Franks 869: Lotharingia becomes part of East Francia. Kingdom of Lotharingia 895: The kingdom of Lotharingia is restored. Duchy of Lotharingia 903: Lotharingia is continued as duchy. 911: After the election of Konrad as king of East Francia, duke Reginar attaches Lotharingia to king Carolus III of West Francia. 922: Carolus III is overthrown in West Francia by Robert I, but remains king in Lotharingia. 923: Carolus III is overthrown and Lotharingia becomes a fief of East Francia. Duchy of Lower Lotharingia 959: Lotharingia is partitioned into Lower Lotharingia and Upper-Lotharingia. Godfried becomes ruler of Lower Lotharingia. Lower Lotharingia as the rest of the Holy Roman Empire gets divided into several entities in the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and North Rhine-Westfalia. County of Luxembourg 963: Siegfried, count of the Ardennes, becomes the first count of Luxembourg. 1004: When duke Heinrich IV of Bavaria becomes Holy Roman Emperor, count Heinrich I of Luxembourg becomes as Heinrich V duke of Bavaria. 1009: Heinrich IV reasserts direct control over Bavaria 1017: Heinrich V is restored as duke of Bavaria. 1026: After the death of Heinrich V, Bavaria and Luxembourg are separated. 1042: Count Heinrich II of Luxembourg becomes duke Heinrich VII of Bavaria. 1047: After his death, Bavaria and Luxembourg are separated. His brother Giselbert becomes count. 1288: Count Heinrich VI of Luxembourg is allied with count Reinoud of Guelders and archbishop Siegfried II von Westerburg of Cologne at their defeat at Worringen by duke Jan of Brabant. Heinrich VI dies in battle. 1308: Count Heinrich VII becomes king of the Germans, emperor in 1312. 1310: His son Johann of Luxembourg becomes king of Bohemia. 1313: King Johann of Bohemia becomes also count of Luxembourg. 1346: Johann is succeeded by Karel as king of Bohemia and count of Luxembourg. 1347: Karel becomes also Karel IV king of the Germans and later Holy Roman Emperor. 1353: Karel IV entrusts Luxembourg to his half-brother Wenzel. Duchy of Luxembourg 1354: Wenzel is raised in rank to duke of the Luxembourg. 1355: Wenzel becomes by marriage duke of Brabant and Limburg. 1383: After his death Brabant and Limburg are separated from Luxembourg. His nephew and son of Karel IV, king Wenzel of Bohemia becomes duke of Luxembourg. 1388: Wenzel IV gives Luxembourg in pawn to his cousin Jobst, who is also margrave of Moravia and Brandenburg 1411: After the death of Jobst, the duchy goes to Elisabeth of Görlitz. The Netherlands 1443: Duke Philippe II of Burgundy becomes by conquest duke of Luxembourg, uniting them with other Netherlands entities. 1477: The duchy of Burgundy itself is annexed to France. Maximilian I of the House of Habsburg becomes by marriage with duchess Marie duke of Burgundy and Luxembourg and ruler of the Netherlands. 1482: Maximilian is succeeded by his son Philipp under guardianship of Maximilian until 1494. 1504: Philipp IV becomes by marriage king Felipe of Castile. 1506: He dies the same year and is succeeded by his son Karl as duke of Burgundy. 1516: Karl becomes as Carlos I also king of Spain. 1519: Karl becomes as Karl V Holy Roman Emperor and archduke of Austria. 1521: Karl V grants the Austrian lands to his younger brother Ferdinand I, whereby the personal union with Spain ends. He remains as duke of Burgundy and Luxembourg ruler of the Netherlands. 1555: Karl V abdicates in the Netherlands and is succeeded by his son Felipe II as ruler of the Netherlands. Spanish Netherlands → Spain 1556: Felipe II becomes king of Spain and brings the Netherlands under Spanish rule. 1683: →France conquers and occupies Luxembourg. 1697: Luxembourg is returned to Spain. Austrian Netherlands → Habsburg Monarchy 1713: After Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession, emperor Karl VI, ruler of Habsburg Monarchy becomes ruler of the Netherlands, renamed into the Austrian Netherlands. 1740: After the death of emperor Karl VI his daughter, Maria Theresia, becomes archduchess and ruler of Austria. Her succession is disputed and this dispute leads to the War of the Austrian Succession. 1748: The Treaty of Aachen ends the War of the Austrian Succession. France withdraws from the Austrian Netherlands. United Belgian States 1790: Luxembourg secedes as part of the United Belgian States. Austrian Netherlands → Habsburg Monarchy 1790: Austrian rule is restored the same year. 1792: The French Assembly declares war, the War of the First Coalition, on emperor Franz II of the Holy Roman Empire, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy. France invades and occupies the Austrian Netherlands. French Republic 1795: Following the French Revolution], Luxembourg is annexed to France. French Empire 1804: Napoléon Bonaparte crowns himself as the executive emperor of France. 1813: After the French defeat the region is administrated by a Central Administrative Department. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, shortly before the final defeat at Waterloo of Napoleon, Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom agree on the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the re-division of Europe. Its provisions include king Willem I of the Netherlands as grand duke of Luxembourg in a personal union and Luxembourg joining the German Confederation. 1830: The Belgian Revolution leads to the separation of the Southern Provinces from the Netherlands and to the establishment of Kingdom of Belgium. The western part of Luxembourg is ceded to Belgium. 1839: The Treaty of London makes the eastern part of Luxembourg an independent country in a personal union with the Netherlands. The western part is recognized as part of Belgium. 1841: Luxembourg gets a parliament indirectly elected by limited suffrage. 1848: A constituent assembly is elected. The new constitution enlarges the powers of the parliament and the government is responsible to the parliament. 1856: The pre-1848 constitution is restored. 1866: After the Austro-Prussian War the German Confederation is dissolved. 1867: After a diplomatic crisis after an attempt of France to buy Luxembourg, the Treaty of London reaffirms the neutrality of Luxembourg. 1868: The 1848 constitution is restored. The parliament is elected in elections on a limited suffrage. The government is responsible to parliament. 1890: After the death of king Willem III, the personal union with the Netherlands ends. Adolph, former duke of Nassau, becomes grand duke. 1914: After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Germany attacks France, Belgium and Luxembourg. World War I is a fact. 1918: The Central Powers are defeated and an armistice is agreed. 1919: The Treaty of Versailles formally ends World War I. The parliament is elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. 1920: Luxembourg joins the League of Nations. 1922: Belgium and Luxembourg establish the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union. German Empire 1940: Nazi Germany invades and conquers as part of World War II Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands as well as the Northern and Western part of France. Luxembourg is annexed to Germany. 1944: The allied forces of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Free French, Poland launch an invasion of Normandy, creating a third Front. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 1944: Luxembourg is liberated. The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg establish the Benelux Union. 1945: Luxembourg is a founding member of the United Nations. 1949: Luxembourg is a founding member of the Council of Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1951: By signing the Treaty of Paris, in force in 1952, Luxembourg is a founder of the European Coal and Steel Community. 1957: By signing the Treaty of Rome, in force in 1958, Luxembourg is a founder of the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community, predecessors of the European Union.