User:Electionworld/sandbox/Switzerland

Multiple timeline of Switzerland

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Switzerland, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories. Timeline of Switzerland

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Switzerland

East Switzerland - West Switzerland - Other regions in main section

The Swiss Confederation (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft / Confédération suisse / Confederazione Svizzera / Confederaziun svizra) is a federal republic, divided into cantons, with a bicameral parliament, the Federal Assembly, with the National Council and the Council of States elected in free multi-party elections, a government elected by the parliament, which elects one of the members as president for a term of one year.

This section gives an outline of the history of Switzerland, especially on Central and Northern Switzerland. The sub-sections give an outline of the history of East Switzerland (395-1803) and West Switzerland (395-1803/1852). Roman Republic 58 BC: The Roman Republic subjugates the Celtic tribe of Helvetii in present-day Switzerland. 16 BC: The conquest of Switzerland is completed. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. 260s: Germanic Allemani settle in the region. 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. Helvetia becomes part of the Western part of the Empire. Alamannia 410s: After the retreat of the Romans, present-day Northern Switzerland is populated by the Germanic tribe of the Alemanni. Other parts are conquered by Odoacer and by the Burgundians. Kingdom of the Goths 496: The Frankish king Clovis defeats the Germanic tribe of the Alamanni. They subjugate to the Ostrogoths. Kingdom of the Franks 539: The Franks, who conquered the kingdom of the Burgundians in 534, annex Alamannia and it becomes a duchy within Francia. Kingdom of the East Franks 843: After the partition of the Frankish Empire, the region becomes part of East Francia, mainly populated by the Allemanians. Duchy of Swabia 915: Most of the area becomes inside East Francia part of Swabia, one of its stem duchies. 962: The king of East-Francia becomes king of Italy and merges it with East-Francia into the Holy Roman Empire. 900s/1200s: Several come to existence in Swabia, among them are Strasbourg (960s), Saint Gallen (900s), Chur (900s), Habsburg (1020), Basel (1032), Zollern (1052), Kyburg (1053), Haigerloch (1080s), Württemberg (1083), Zähringen (1098), Baden (1112), Upper Alsace (1136), Hohengeroldseck (1139), Toggenburg (1176), Schellenberg (1100s) and Montfort (1220s) as well as several imperial cities in Alsace. 1032: Present-day Vaud and Fribourg are conquered by the duke of Swabia. County of Kyburg 1053: The Swabian Count Hartmann I of Dillingen become also count of Kyburg. 1020: The Swabian count Radbot of Klettgau founds the Habsburg castle. Prince-Bishopric of Basel 1032: Basel becomes a prince-bishopric. Duchy of Zähringen 1098: Duke Berthold II of Swabia denounces all claims to Swabia and instead concentrates on his possessions in the Breisgau region, assuming the title of duke of Zähringen. His territory includes parts of present-day Switzerland. County of Habsburg 1096: Count Otto II names himself count of Habsburg 1160s: Count Hartmann III separates Kyburg from Dillingen. 1100s: Habsburg gradually expanses in the region. 1218: After the death of duke Berthold V, Zähringen is divided. Parts fall to Bern, Zürich, Kyburg and Urach. Bern 1218: Bern becomes an imperial city. Zürich 1218: Zürich becomes a free city. 1218: Part of Zähringen, including Fribourg, falls to Ullrich III of Kyburg. 1262: Zürich is confirmed as imperial city. 1263: Kyburg is ruled by count Rudolf of Habsburg. 1273: Count Rudolf becomes king of Germany. 1276: Rudolf becomes duke of Carinthia with Carniola 1278: Rudolf becomes also duke of Austria and Styria. The centre of the Habsburg dominions shifts to the east. Confederacy 1291: Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden form the Confederacy in resistance to the Habsburg rule in the region. 1323: Bern becomes associated with the Confederacy. 1300s: Kyburg loses areas and gradually is absorbed by other entities. 1323: Bern becomes the first associated state of the Confederacy. 1332: Lucerne joins the Confederacy. The first protecorate, the Republic of Gersau is established by Schwyz. 1300s: Habsburg gradually loses areas to the Confederacy and disappears in the region. 1351: Zürich joins the Confederacy. 1352: Glarus and Zug join the confederacy. 1353: Bern join the confederacy. The eight Swiss cantons establish somewhere in that time an assembly as joint legislative and executive power, consisting out of representatives of the cantons. A growing number of entities associate themselves with cantons of the Confederacy. 1405: Appenzell associates with the Confederacy. 1415: The Confederacy conquers Baden and establishes its first comdominium. In the upcoming time more conquests become condominiums of the Confederacy. The same year the city of Saint Gallen associates itself with the Confederacy 1440: The Milanese Leventina Valley is conquered by Uri. Zürich annexes Toggenburg. This is disputed by the other cantons and Zurich is temporarily expelled from the confederacy. A war commences. 1446: The war between the Zürich and the other cantons ends inconclusive. Valais becomes a associated state of Switzerland. 1450: Zürich is readmitted to the confederacy. 1451: The Abbey of Saint Gallen associated itself with the Confederacy. 1460: Thurgau is conquered and becomes a condominium. 1478: Uri defeats at Giornico Milan. The Leventina is secured by Uri. 1481: Fribourg, associated since 1454, and Solothurn, associated since 1353, join the Confederacy. 1498: The Three Leagues associate themselves with the confederacy. 1499: A last Swabian War of the Confederacy with Habsburg (Tyrol) with the Swabian League (including Württemberg) ends with a Swiss victory, confirmed in the Treaty of Basel. The Confederacy is exempted from the imperial jurisdiction and imperial taxes and thus de facto acknowledged it as a separate political entity outside the Holy Roman Empire. 1500: Uri and allies conquer Bellinzona. 1501: The city of Basel joins the Confederacy. Schaffhausen, associated since 1454, joins the Confederacy. 1511: Switzerland joins the papal-Venetian alliance against France in the Holy League. 1513: Appenzell, associated since 1411, joins the Confederacy. 1515: Mulhouse becomes an associate of the Confederacy. 1516: France and Venice defeat at Marignano the papal and Swiss forces. 1523: The reformation begins, leading to a division in protestant members (Zürich, Bern and Schaffhausen) and catholic members (Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Nidwalden, Zug,Fribourg and Solothurn). Glarus and Appenzell are split. 1526: Genève associates itself with the Confederacy. 1529: The First War of Kappel takes place between the catholic and the protestant cantons of the Confederacy. It ends without any battle having been fought. 1531: The Second War of Kappel commences and the protestant cantons are defeated at Kappel. 1538: Bern conquers present-day Vaud and rules it as a subject territory. 1501: The prince-bishopric loses the city of Basel to the Confederacy. Republic of the Swiss 1570s: The confederacy starts to name itself Republic of the Swiss. 1628: Valais becomes a republic and remains an associated state. 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire. The independence of Switzerland from the Holy Roman Empire is recognized. 1653: A peasant uprising ends with a military victory of the ruling city councils and thwarts a further advancement of absolutist trends in Switzerland. 1656: When protestant cantons try to break the political hegemony of the catholics since 1531, the following First War of Villmergen ends with a catholic victory. 1712: The Toggenburg War ends with a protestant victory and the end of catholic hegenomy. 1790-1798: In various members revolts arise across the Confederacy. Rauracian Republic 1792: The Rauracian Republic is established as a French client state, governed by a revolutionary provisional government. French Republic 1793: The Rauracian Republic is annexed to France as the departement of Mont-Terrible. Helvetic Republic 1798: The Confederacy is invaded by France and continued as a French client state, the Helvetic Republic. The republic gets a bicameral parliament elected on a universal male suffrage and a central government with little role for the cantons. The Lemanic Republic and Valais secede from Switzerland. 1798: The same year the Helvetic Republic annexes the associated state of Gersau, the Lemanic Republic and Valais as well as Appenzell, Saint Gallen and the Three Leagues. 1800: After a coup d’état the Helvetic Republic gets a provisional parliament and government. 1801: Federalists overthrow the unitarians. The Helvetian Republic gets a bicameral parliament, consisting out of chamber with representatives of the cantons and a senate elected by the chamber. 1802: The Helvetian Republic becomes after a coup d'état a unitary state and gets a bicameral parliament, consisting out of a chamber with representatives of the cantons and a senate elected by the chamber. The revolutionary Rhodanic Republic (former Valais) is separated. Swiss Confederation 1803: The republic is replaced by the Swiss Confederation. Switzerland becomes a federal republic of sovereign cantons and gets a unicameral parliament with representatives of the cantons elected by limited suffrage and an executive landammann, elected every year. Saint Gallen, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino and Vaud become Swiss cantons. French Empire 1804: Napoléon Bonaparte crowns himself as the executive emperor of France. 1813: The Diet is restored as confederal authority, presided by the president of the Cantonal diet that called the Diet to meet. Swiss rule over the Rhodanic Republic is restored. 1814: The former associated state of Gersau becomes as Republic of Gersau an independent republic. King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia becomes prince of Neuchâtel and at the same time Neuchâtel becomes part of Switzerland. 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, shortly before the final defeat at Waterloo of Napoleon, the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Switzerland is continued as an independent confederation. The pre-1795 order as well as the assembly are restored and modernized. The former Prince-Bishopric of Basel is divided between the Swiss Cantons of Basel and Bern. Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva become cantons. 1817: Switzerland annexes Gersau. 1845: Seven catholic cantons establish a special confederation of conservative cantons, the Sonderbund. 1847: A Sonderbund War takes place in Switzerland after an attempt to establish the Sonderbund. 1848: The Sonderbund is defeated. A new constitution, approved in a referendum by a mayority of voters and a majority of cantons, establishes the Swiss Confederation as a federal republic of cantons and creates, for the first time, Swiss citizenship in addition to cantonal citizenship. A federal central government is set up to which the cantons gave up certain parts of their sovereign rights, retaining the rest. It creates a Federal Assembly made up of two houses elected in free multi-party elections on a universal male suffrage: the Council of States, composed of two deputies from each canton and the National Council made up of deputies elected in the proportion of the size of the cantons. The Federal Council is the government, that consists of seven members elected by the Federal Assembly. The chairman of the Council also holds the title of President of the Swiss Confederation for a one-year term, with the position rotating among the members of the Federal Council. King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia is overthrown in Neuchâtel and Neuchâtel becomes a republic and canton inside Switzerland. 1874: The constitution establishes referenda and plebiscites as instruments of direct democracy. 1914-1918: Switzerland remains neutral in World War I. 1920: Switzerland is a founding member of the League of Nations. 1939-1945: Switzerland remains neutral during World War II that lasts until 1945. 1960: Switzerland is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association. 1963: Switzerland joins the Council of Europe. 1971: In a referendum the introduction of women's suffrage is approved by a majority of voters and cantons. 2002: Switzerland joins the United Nations, being an observer since 1946.

Timeline of East Switzerland Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Switzerland East Switzerland - West Switzerland - Other regions in main section

Roman Empire until 410s: The region is part of the (Western) Roman Empire. Allemani 410s: After the retreat of the Romans, present-day Northern Switzerland is populated by the Germanic tribe of the Alemanni. → Kingdom of Italy 476: The Western Roman Empire collapses and is dissolved. Odoacer becomes king of Italy, including parts of present-day Switzerland. Kingdom of the Goths 493/496 The area becomes subject to the Ostrogoths. Kingdom of the Franks 548: The Franks conquer the region and make it part of Francia. Kingdom of the Middle Franks 843: After the partition of the Frankish Empire, the region becomes part of Middle Francia. Kingdom of the East Franks 843: After the partition of the Frankish Empire, the region, mainly populated by the Allemanians, becomes part of East Francia. Kingdom of Italy 855: Middle Francia is partitioned into Lotharingia, Provence and Italy. Duchy of Swabia 915: Most of the area becomes inside East Francia part of Swabia, one of its stem duchies. Holy Roman Empire 962: The king of East-Francia becomes king of Italy and merges it with East-Francia as the Holy Roman Empire. Italy forms a constituent part of the empire. Inside Italy various entities come to existence. 962: The king of East-Francia becomes king of Italy and merges it with East-Francia into the Holy Roman Empire. The empire consists out of entities with own rulers who subject to the emperor. 900s/1200s: Several come to existence in Swabia, among them are Strasbourg (960s), Saint Gallen (900s), Chur (900s), Habsburg (1020), Basel (1032), Zollern (1052), Kyburg (1053), Haigerloch (1080s), Württemberg (1083), Zähringen (1098), Baden (1112), Upper Alsace (1136), Hohengeroldseck (1139), Toggenburg (1176), Schellenberg (1100s) and Montfort (1220s) as well as several imperial cities in Alsace. Abbey of Saint Gallen 900s: The Abbey of Saint Gallen has imperial immediacy. Bishopric of Chur 900s: Bishop Hartpert gets temporal rights. 1100s: Present-day Ticino is disputed between the communes of Milan and Como. County of Toggenburg 1176: Diethelm becomes the first count of Toggenburg. Prince-Bishopric of Chur 1170: Bishop Ulrich III von Tegerfelden is raised in rank to prince-bishop. Princely Abbey of Saint Gallen 1207: Abbot Ulrich von Sax is made a prince. Lordship of Milan 1259: The area in the Ticino Valley is ruled by Milan. League of God's House 1367: The citizens of Chur and other towns establish the League of God's House. Duchy of Milan 1395: Milan becomes a duchy. Appenzell 1405: The farmers of the abbots personal estates free themselves from the abbey and associate with the Confederacy, Grey League 1395: Communities at the Rhine area establish the Grey League. 1422: Bellinzona, ruled by the Swiss Confederacy is conquered by Milan. An attempt to reconquer Bellinzona fails at Arbedo. 1426: By a peace treaty, the borders of the Confederacy are moved back to the Gotthard Pass. City of Saint Gallen 1415: The city of Saint Gallen frees itself from the abbey and associates itself with the Confederacy. 1409: The League appoints a bailiff over the bishop. Confederacy 1440: The Leventina Valley is conquered by Uri. League of the Ten Jurisdictions 1436: After the death of count Friedrich VII Toggenburg is disputed. The Ten Jurisdictions secede. 1449: An attempt by Uri to conquer Bellinzona fails at Castione fails. 1451: The Abbey becomes a protectorate of the Confederacy. 1468: Toggenburg falls to the Abbey. Three Leagues 1471: The leagues ally themselves in the Three Leagues. 1478: Uri defeats at Giornico Milan. The Leventina is secured by Uri. 1500: Uri and allies conquer Bellinzona. 1498: The Three Leagues become de facto independent and ally themselves with the Confederacy. 1513: Appenzell joins the Confederacy. The Confederacy, allied with Milan, defeats at Novara the French army. As a result Lugano and Locarno become Swiss. 1516: After the Swiss defeat at Marignano in 1515, the Confederacy keeps in the Perpetual Peace of Fribourg what is now Ticono and ends its aspirations towards Milan. 1648: The Three Leagues become de jure independent, associated with the Confederacy. They acquire Valtellina. 1797: The Three Leagues lose Valtellina to the Cisalpine Republic. Helvetic Republic 1798: The Confederacy is replaced by the Helvetic Republic. It annexes both the Abbey and the City of Saint Gallen and joins them with Appenzell into the canton of Säntis and annexes the Three Leagues. Swiss Confederation 1803: The republic is replaced by the Swiss Confederation. Ticino, Appenzell, Saint Gallen and Grisons become cantons of Switzerland.

Timeline of West Switzerland Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Switzerland East Switzerland - West Switzerland - Other regions in main section

Roman Empire until 410s: The region is part of the (Western) Roman Empire. 410s: The Romans abandon the region. The Burgundians, a Germanic people possibly originating in Bornholm (Baltic Sea), enter the region crossed the Rhine and unite under king Gundahar. Empire of the Franks 534: The Franks defeat the Burgundians. Kingdom of the Middle Franks 843: With the division of Francia, the region becomes part of Middle Francia. Kingdom of Provence 855: Middle Francia is partitioned into Lotharingia, |Provence and Italy. Charles becomes king of Provence Kingdom of Lotharingia 863: After his death, this part of Provence falls to Lotharingia. Kingdom of the East Franks 870: With the Treaty of Meerssen this part of Lotharingia falls to East Francia. Kingdom of Upper Burgundy 888: Former Provence falls to king Rodolphe of Upper Burgundy. Kingdom of Burgundy 933: Rodolphe II unites Burgundy and becomes its king at Arles. end 900s: The county of Geneva is formed inside Burgundy 999: Bishop Hugo of Sion becomes count of Valais inside Burgundy. Holy Roman Empire 1032: Emperor Konrad II inherits Burgundy and makes it a constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire. It is divided in various feudal entities. Lordship of Neuchâtel 1040: Ulrich becomes the first lord of Neuchâtel. County of Geneva 1032: The count of Geneva is confirmed. His name is not available. Duchy of Swabia 1032: Present-day Vaud and Fribourg are conquered by the duke of Swabia. Bishopric of Sion 1032: The bishop is confirmed as count of Valais. Duchy of Zähringen 1098: The region falls to the duke of Zähringen. County of Savoy After 1032: The counts of Savoy conquer parts of the region west of Sion. Prince-Bishopric of Geneva 1154: Bishop Arducius de Faucigny of Geneva becomes prince-bishop of Geneva, separate from the county of Geneva. 1157: The city of Fribourg is founded. 1218: Vaud becomes part of Savoy. County of Kyburg 1218: Fribourg falls to Kyburg. County of Neuchâtel 1296: Lord Rudolf IV is raised in rank to count. 1291: The bishops acts as a vassal of Savoy. County of Habsburg 1263: Kyburg falls to Habsburg. Seven Zenden 1353: Brig, Goms, Leuk, Raron, Sierre, Sion and Visp become autonomous as the Seven Zenden. 1395: Count Konrad III of Freiburg inherits Neuchâtel. Duchy of Savoy 1416: Savoy becomes a duchy. 1384: The bishopric becomes divided between Savoy and the Seven Zenden. 1424: Count Amadeo VIII of Savoy becomes also count of Geneva and tries to control the city. 1447: Margrave Rudolf IV of Baden-Sausenberg inherits Neuchâtel. 1447: The Savoy dynasty rules the episcopal see. 1442: Fribourg falls to Savoy. 1446: Valais allies itself with the Swiss cantons. Fribourg 1478: Fribourg becomes a Free Imperial City. 1475: Savoy is defeated in Valais. 1504: Duke Louis I of Orléans-Longueville becomes by marriage count of Neuchâtel, separated from Baden-Sausenberg 1490: The episcopal position is renounced by the Savoy dynasty. 1513: Duke Carlo III of Savoy appoints his cousin Giovanni of Savoy as bishop. Confederacy 1481: Fribourg joins the Confederacy. Geneva 1526: Geneva votes to break away from Savoy rule and associates itself with the Confederacy. 1530: Duke Carlo III recognizes the independence of Geneva. 1529: Valais becomes an associate of the Confederacy. 1541: Geneva becomes a republic, lead by Jean Calvin. 1538: The Swiss canton of Bern conquers present-day Vaud and rules it as a subject territory. 1529: Valais becomes an associate of the Confederacy. Principality of Neuchâtel 1595: Count Henri II becomes with his birth prince of Neuchâtel. 1584: Geneva becomes an everlasting ally, associate, of the Confederacy. 1648: Neuchâtel associates itself with the confederacy. Republic of the Seven Zenden 1628: Valais becomes the Republic of the Seven Zenden under the guidance of the prince-bishop of Sion. 1707: King Friedrich of Prussia is elected prince of Neuchâtel. 1794: Geneva becomes a revolutionary republic. French Republic 1798: Geneva is annexed by France. Lemanic Republic 1798: The Francophone population of Vaud secede from Bern and Switzerland as the Lemanic Republic, a French client state. Helvetic Republic 1798: The Confederacy is replaced by the Helvetic Republic. Republic of Valais 1798: Valais becomes independent as a French puppet state. 1798: The same year the Helvetic Republic annexes the Lemanic Republic and Valais. Rhodanic Republic 1802: The revolutionary Rhodanic Republic (former Valais) is separated. The republic is governed by a provisional revolutionary government. French Empire 1804: Napoléon Bonaparte crowns himself as the executive emperor of France. Swiss Confederation 1803: The republic is replaced by the Swiss Confederation. Vaud becomes a Swiss canton. 1806: France annexes Neuchâtel and makes Louis-Alexandre Berthier prince. 1810: The Rhodanic Republic is annexed to France. Principality of Neuchâtel 1814: France is defeated, king Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia becomes prince and at the same time Neuchâtel becomes part of Switzerland. 1813: Swiss rule over the Rhodanic Republic is restored. 1815: Valais and Geneva become cantons of Switzerland. 1848: King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia is overthrown in Neuchâtel and Neuchâtel becomes a republic and canton inside Switzerland.