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- 600s BC: Greek colonists establishes colonies at the mouths of the Danube, present-day Dobruja.
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- 500s BC: Gataen tribes settle in the region.
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- 500s BC: Present-day Romania is populated by Dacian and Getaen tribes.
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Odrysian kingdom
- 430 BC: The region becomes part of the Odrysian Kingdom.
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Scythia
- 340s BC: The Scythians ruled by king Ateas conquer the region.
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Kingdom of Macedonia
- 339 BC: The Scythians are defeated by Macedonia, who extend their rule over the region.
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- after 300 BC: The Getaen and Dacian rulers extend their rule to the mouths of the Danube.
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Dacian Kingdom
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Kingdom of Pontus
- around 100 BC: King Mithridates of Pontus extends his authority over the Greek cities in the region.
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- around 55 BC: King Burebista of the Dacians conquers the region.
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Roman Republic
- around 30 BC: The region becomes part of the Roman Republic, partially through client states.
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Roman Empire
- 27 BC: Gaius Octavius becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
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- 106: Parts of Dacia, ruled by Decebalus, are conquered by and annexed to the Roman Empire. Dacia itself is destroyed and the region becomes the domain of various tribes.
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Huns
- 376: The Huns migrate to and conquer Dacia.
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- 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire[1], a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire.
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- 420: The Huns migrate further to the west and present-day Hungary becomes the center of their rule.
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Kingdom of the Gepids
- 454: After the death of Atilla, the Huns witdraw. Most of the region is ruled by Ardaric, king of the Gepids.
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Avar Khaganate
- 567: The Gepids are defeated by the Avars under Khagan Bayan I.
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- 593: Present-day Wallachia gets under control of the Roman Empire.
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| Bulgarian Khanate
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Khazar Khaganate
- c 750: Present-day Moldavia, populated by Vlachs, is part of the Khazar Khaganate.
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- 800s: The Avar Khaganate is destroyed. The region is controlled by the Bulgars.
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Principality of Bulgaria
- 864: Khan Boris is christianized and assumes the title and name of prince Michael of Bulgaria.
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Pechenegs
- Between 860 and 890: The region is conquered by the Pechenegs.
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- 950s: Present-day Wallachia is conquered by the Pechenegs.
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| Grand Principality of Rus'
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Roman Empire
- 971: After a succesful invasion of Thrace and Bulgaria, grand prince Sviyatoslav is defeated by the Roman emperor Ioannes Tzimiskes. After the capture of the Bulgarian tsar Boris II, he claims the annexation of Bulgaria. The region is conquered.
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Kingdom of Hungary
- 1000s: The region is conquered by Hungary.
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Cuman-Kipchak Confederation
- 1091: The Pechenegs are defeated by the Turkic Cumans and most of their area is included in the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation.
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Bulgarian Empire
- 1187: The region falls to Bulgaria.
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Great Mongol State
- 1241: The region is conquered by the Mongol Empire.
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Golden Horde
- 1259: The Golden Horde separates itself from the Mongol Empire.
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- 1300s: Part of the region comes under control of Hungary, though this rule is disputed by the Golden Horde until its defeat in 1346.
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Principality of Wallachia
- 1330: Basarab, a leader of the Vlachs in Hungary, revolts against the Hungarians and becomes voivode of Wallachia, bringing the house of Basarab to the throne.
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- 1344: King Lajos of Hungary invades Wallachia and Moldavia and establishes a system of vassalage.
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- 1344: King Lajos of Hungary invades Wallachia and Moldavia and establishes a system of vassalage.
- 1346: Hungary defeats the Golden Horde.
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- 1359: The region is ruled by a prince Demetrius, a local Tatar ruler.
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Despotate of Dobruja
- 1368: The region is captured by despot Dobrotitsa of Dobruja, a.k.a. prince of Karvuna.
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Principality of Moldavia
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- 1386: Mircea becomes voivode of Wallachia.
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- 1389: Part of Dobruja falls to Wallachia. In the upcoming decades the Ottoman Empire, disputes the Wallachian rule over Dobruja.
- 1394: Vlad usurps the throne.
- 1397: Mircea retuns to power.
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- 1415: At the end of his rule: Mircea has to accept to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire.
- 1418: After the death of Mircea, a period of fact changing rulerships starts. Between 1420 and 1431 Dan II is 5 times voivode and his cousing Radu II four times.
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Subleme Ottoman Empire
- 1420: Dobruja is occupied by and annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
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- 1443: Wallachia takes part in a crusade to defend the Roman Empire against the Ottoman Empire, defeated by the Ottomans at Varna. Vlad II returns to the throne.
- 1447: Hunyadi János intervenes again and kills Vlad II and his son Mircea II. In the upcoming decades the throne remains disputed by the Drăculești and the Dănești, the last supported by Hungary.
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- 1482: Vlad IV of the Drăculești becomes voivode, ending the Dănești rule.
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- 1457: Ștefan III, who fled to Wallachia after the murder of his father, overthrows voivode Petru III Aron. He rules until 1504. During his rule Polish suzerainity ends and part of the time he pays tribute to the Ottoman Empire.
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- 1512: Moldavia becomes a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire.
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- 1514: A peasant's uprising led by Dózsa György is suppressed in Transylvania.
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- 1530: With Vlad VI the Drăculești come to power, which lasts until 1591.
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Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
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Habsburg Monarchy
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Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
- 1556: Szapolyai János Zsigmond is restored as king
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Principality of Transylvania
- 1570: Szapolyai János Zsigmond becomes prince of Transsylvania with parts of Eastern Hungary as Ottoman vassal.
- 1576: Báthory István becomes prince.
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- 1591: Mihai II becomes voivode of Wallachia.
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- 1593: The Long Turkish War between the Austrians and the Ottomans over Wallachia, Transsylvania and Moldavia commences.
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- 1593: The Long Turkish War between the Austrians and the Ottomans over Wallachia, Transsylvania and Moldavia commences.
- 1595: Polish troops intervene in Moldavia and put Ieremia Movilă on the throne. They defeat at Cecora an Ottoman-Crimean army. The Ottomans recognize Ieremia Movilă, making Moldavia a condominium.
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- 1593: The Long Turkish War between the Austrians and the Ottomans over Wallachia, Transsylvania and Moldavia commences.
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- 1599: Mihai becomes also governor of Transylvania.
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- 1599: Prince Mihai II of Wallachia defeats at Șelimbăr the Habsburgians and conquers Transylvania. He becomes imperial governor of Transylvania on behalf of archduke Rudolf II of Austria.
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- 1600: He becomes also voivode of Moldavia.
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- 1600: Voivode Mihai II of Wallachia becomes also voivode of Moldavia after he overthrows Ieremia Movilă himself voivode, uniting the Romanian countries.
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- 1601: Mihai II defeats at Guruslău a army of Hungarian nobles. Shortly after he is assassinated by the order of the Habsburg general Giorgio Basta. Ieremia Movilă is restored as voivode of Moldavia.
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- 1606: A period of short ruling voivodes, who can become voivodes in Wallachia and Moldavia, starts. The Austrian-Ottoman war ends with the Peace of Zsitvatorok.
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- 1606: After the death of Ieremia Movilă a period of short ruling voivodes, who can become voivodes in Wallachia and Moldavia, starts. The Austrian-Ottoman war ends with the Peace of Zsitvatorok.
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- 1632: Matei Basarab secures the throne and manages it to hold it for 22 years.
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- 1634: Vasile Lupu secures the throne after a series of complicated intrigues and manages to hold it for twenty years.
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- 1653: He is overthrown by Gheorghe Ștefan.
- 1658: The Ottoman sultan Mehmet IV deposes Gheorghe Ștefan and replaces him with George Ghica. Another period of short ruling voivodes starts.
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- 1657: Transylvania supports the Swedes against the Poles.
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- 1659: George Ghica, former voivode of Moldavia, becomes shortly voivode of Wallachia. Another period of short ruling voivodes starts.
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- 1660: Rákóczi György II is defeated by the Ottoman forces. Transsylvania is disputed between the Austrians and the Ottomans.
- 1662: The Ottomans install Apafi Mihály as prince.
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- 1696: Transylvania is ruled by an Austrian military governor.
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| Habsburg Monarchy
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- 1709: The Greek phanariote Nikolaos Mavrokordatos is installed by the Ottomans as ruling hospodar of Moldavia. A period of short ruling hospodars either from phanariote or hellenized Romanian background starts.
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- 1710-1711: After the flee of the Swedish king to the Ottoman Empire, it refuses to evict the king. The Russian and Moldavian Pruth River Campaign against the Ottoman Empire commences. The Ottomans win a decisive victory.
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- 1711: The Ottomans install Greek Phanariotes as ruling hospodar of Wallachia. A period of short ruling hospodars either from phanariote or hellenized Romanian background starts.
- 1715: Nikolaos Mavrokordatos, former vojvode of Moldavia, is installed by the Ottomans as ruling hospodar of Wallachia
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- 1711: The rebels are defeated and Transylvania is fully restored annexed to the Habsburg monarchy.
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- 1756: Transylvania is raised in rank to grand principality inside the Habsburg Monarchy.
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- 1774: Wallachia becomes a Russian protectorate under Ottoman suzerainity.
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- 1777: The north western part of Moldavia, Bukovina is annexed to Russia.
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Empire of Austria
- 1804: Archduke Franz II becomes emperor of Austria, being at the same time emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806).Hungary with Transylvania becomes a constituent kingdom of Austria.
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- 1821: An uprising is suppressed by the Ottoman army.
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- 1826: Russia and the Ottoman Empire agree in the Akkerman Convention to the Ottoman retreat from Moldavia and Wallachia.
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- 1826: Russia and the Ottoman Empire agree in the Akkerman Convention to the Ottoman retreat from Moldavia and Wallachia.
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- 1828: Wallachia is occupied by Russia.
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- 1828: Moldavia is occupied by Russia.
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- 1832: The Russian occupation ends, Wallachia becomes a Russian protecorate. Wallachia is ruled by princes, elected for live by an electoral college. Wallachia gets an estates assembly elected on a very limited suffrage. Alexandru II Ghica becomes prince.
- 1843: Gheorghe Bibescu is elected prince.
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- 1832: The Russian occupation ends, Moldavia becomes a Russian protectorate. Moldavia is ruled by princes, elected for live by an electoral college. Moldavia gets an estates assembly elected on a very limited suffrage. Mihail Sturdza becomes prince.
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- 1848: A liberal and nationalist revolution overthrows prince Gheorghe Bibescu and a provisonal government is formed. The revolution is defeated at Dealul Spirii by Ottoman forces. A period of foreign occcupations by the [[user:electionworld/sandbox/Ottoman Empire#1848|Ottoman Empire, Russia and Austria starts until 1856.
- 1849: Russia and the Ottoman Empire appoint Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei as prince of Wallachia.
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- 1856: The Russian protectorate ends.
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- 1857: The suffrage is enlarged, but remains limited.
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- 1857: The suffrage is enlarged, but remains limited.
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United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
- 1859: After the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as prince in both principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia become united independent from the Ottoman Empire.
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Romanian United Principalities
- 1862: The United Principalities are renamed. Alexandru Ioan Cuza becomes domnitor.
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Romania
- 1866: Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza is forced to abdicate by a political and military coalition. Romania is renamed and gets a bicameral parliament elected in multi-party elections on a limited and unequal suffrage. The government is responsible to the parliament. Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is elected domnitor of Romania as Carol.
- 1877: Romania joins Russia in the Romanian War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.
- 1878: Following the war, the Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin recognize the formal independence of Romania.
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Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy
- 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph makes Austria a constitutional dual monarchy as the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. Transylvania is fully incorporated into Hungary, crown land of Austria-Hungary.
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- 1878: Following the war, the Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin recognize the formal independence of Romania. Northern Dobruja is ceded to Romania.
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| Kingdom of Romania
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- 1918: Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers lose World War I. Austria-Hungary collapses. Romania annexes part of the Banat Republic, Bukovina from Austria-Hungary and parts of Russia. It claims Transylvania from Hungary. Moldova is incorporated into Romania.
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Kingdom of Hungary
- 1918: Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers lose World War I. Austria-Hungary collapses, which makes Hungary an independent nation. Romania claims Transylvania.
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- 1919: The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with Germany-Austria ends the war with the formal dissolution of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Romania invades Hungary. Romania enters Budapest. It annexes Transylvania, which is confirmed in 1920 in the Treaty of Trianon.
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- 1920: Romania is a founding member of the League of Nations. After a vote in the provisional parliament of Bessarabia in 1918, the Treaty of Paris recognizes the accession of Bessarabia into Romania. The accession is not recognized by Russia.
- 1923: The bicameral parliament is elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The senate is a mixture of directly and indirectly elected on a limited suffrage and ex-officio members.
- 1938: King Carol II launches a self-coup, abolishing parliamentary democracy in favor of a royal dictatorship.
- 1939: Half of the senators are appointed by the king. The other half and the members of the other chambers are elected on a limited suffrage in a corporatist single-list system.
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Kingdom of Hungary
- 1940: The northern part of Transylvania is annexed to Hungary.
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- 1944: King Mihai overthrows Ion Antonescu and switches Romania from the alliance with Nazi Germany and declares war on Nazi Germany. An anti-fascist government comes to power, gradually becoming dominated by communists. Northern Transylvania is reincorporated into Romania. The Soviet Union annex Bessarabia and Transnistria Governorate.
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- 1945: Nazi Germany is defeated. Romania cedes the annexed parts to the Soviet Union, and reincorporates the region that were annexed to Hungary in 1940.
- 1946: The senate is abolished and the parliament is elected on a universal suffrage in multi-party elections intimidated by the communist party.
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| People's Republic of Romania
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Socialist Republic of Romania
- 1966: Romania is renamed.
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Romania
- 1989: In a revolution the communist government is overthrown. Dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife, Elena Ceauşescu are executed. A provisional government is formed.
- 1990: The parliament and president are elected in free multi-party elections.
- 1991: The Warsaw Pact and the Comecon are disbanded. A new constitution stipulates that Romania has a bicameral parliament elected in free multi-party elections, a popularly elected president and a government which is responsible to the parliament.
- 1993: Romania joins the Council of Europe.
- 2004: Romania joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- 2007: Romania joins the European Union.[2]
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