[go: nahoru, domu]
Jump to content

User:Yjnoh/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
K-pop
Stylistic originsPop • Dance • Electropop • Hip hop • Rock • R&B • Electronic
Cultural originsNominally early 1990s South Korea; trace the roots to 1960s
Typical instrumentsVocals • Rapping • Drum pad • Drums • Electric bass • Keyboards • Piano • Sampler • Sequencer • Synthesizer • Vocoder • Occasional use of various other instruments

K-pop (Korean: 가요, Gayo) (an abbreviation of Korean pop or Korean popular music) is a musical genre consisting of pop, dance, electropop, hip hop, rock, R&B and electronic music originating in South Korea.[6][7][8][9][10] In addition to music, K-pop has grown into a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults around the world, resulting in widespread interest in the fashion and style of Korean idol groups and singers.[11]

Through the presence of Facebook fan pages, availability on iTunes, Twitter profiles, and music videos on YouTube, the ability of K-pop to reach a previously inaccessible audience via the Internet is driving a paradigm shift in the exposure and popularity of the genre.[12] South Korean popular culture is today serving as a major driver of youth culture all across the Pacific Rim, with special reference to China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam. The genre is currently moving towards a position in the region, similar to that of American music in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s.

History

[edit]

Origins: 1920s-1980s, Birth of Trot and Introduction of Western Music

[edit]

In the mid-1920s, Masao Gouga, a Korean-Japanese composer, mixed traditional Korean music with Gospel music that American Evangelists brought with and have taught since the 1870s. This type of music became known as Enka in Japan, and later in Korea as Trot (Korean: "트로트").[13]

In 1932, a controversial plagarism was caught and condemned by an article in the Japanese magazine "New Young Adult", Gouga's "Sakewa Namitaka Tameikika" was blamed for copying off the work of Korean composer Su-Lin Jeon, which his version was named "The Calm Jang-Ahn". This event triggered a wave of Korean musicians to flourish with talented composers such as Nan-Pa Hong, Gyo-Sung Kim, Yong-Hwan Kim, Joon-Young Kim, Ho-Wol Moon, Mok-In Son, Shi-Choon Park , and Jae Ho Lee becoming the very foundation of Trot music in its early stage.

Trot has been transformed over the years using a variety of instruments and mixing different styles of music to become the dominant genre in the Korean music scene until the late 80's. To this day, Trot music still remains as a popular genre for many; mostly with its very sad melody and heart-touching lyrics.

As Korea was liberated from Japanese annexation in 1945, Western culture was introduced to a small crowd with the few Western style bars and clubs playing Western Music.

After the Korean War, which started on June 25, 1950 and lasted for 3 years, the country was separated into two nations; North Korea and South Korea. U.S. troops remained in South Korea for protection. With the staying of U.S. troops, American culture and the cultures of the world began to flush in. During this time, Western music became more accepted to a wider crowd of young adults.

In 1960s, the improvements in recording system encouraged the production of LP records, which led to the pursuit of diverse voice tones.[14] Many singers sang for the American troops in Korea at the time, and the appearance of chorus in performances was conspicuous. At this period of time, commercial radio stations spread the popular songs among civilians. Kim Sisters(김시스터즈), Bok Hee Yoon (윤복희) and Patti Kim (패티김) were the first singers to debut in countries such as Vietnam and United States.

American pop songs became more and more popular since the late 1950s. In 1970s, a new career of DJ became popular, deeply impacting the teenage cultures. Guitars and jeans were the symbols of youth. This led more introductions of folk song singers, such as Chang Sik Song (송창식), Young Nam Cho (조영남), Hee Eun Yang (양희은). Seoul International Song Festival was launched in 1977, which encouraged the cultural exchanges with other countries.

In 1980, Asia Music Forum was launched. National singers from five different Asian countries competed in this event. Young Pil Cho (조용필) won the first place, and earned high reputation as a Korean singer in Japan.

1990s: Diversification

[edit]

The debut of Seo Tai-ji & Boys in 1992 was a turning point for popular music in South Korea, incorporating elements of rap rock and techno. Hip hop duos such as Deux were also popular in the early 1990s.

File:LG전자, 전세계 K-POP 바람몰이 나섰다(SM town live world tour is new york promotion).jpg
SM Town Live World Tour in New York.

Beginning of Hallyu

[edit]
See also: Hallyu

The founding of South Korea's largest talent agency, S.M. Entertainment, in 1995, by Korean entrepreneur Lee Soo Man led to the first K-pop girl groups and boy bands.[15] By the late 1990s, YG Entertainment, DSP Entertainment, and JYP Entertainment, FNC_Music had burst onto the scene and were producing talent as quickly as the public could consume it.[11]

Groups such as, S.E.S., Fin.K.L, H.O.T, Sechs Kies, G.o.d., Fly to the Sky and Shinhwa had huge success in the 1990s, not only in South Korea, but also outside of the country as well. Especially, artists such as H.O.T, Kim Wan-Sun, Clon, Baby V.O.X, NRG saw huge successes in China and Taiwan in the mid-90s.

Also during this period was the emergence of hip hop and R&B music in Korea, leading to the success of artists including Drunken Tiger.

2000s: Popularity in Asia & Globalization

[edit]

Many of K-pop's biggest idol groups and solo acts, including TVXQ, Girls' Generation, Super Junior, BoA, Rain Bi, Wonder Girls, JYJ, 2PM, CNBLUE ,F.T. Island, BIGBANG, Miss A, KARA, SHINee, After School, Brown Eyed Girls, Se7en, IU, f(x), Secret, MBLAQ and 2NE1 are popular in most East and South East Asia, including Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Vietnam.[16] Through the internet, recently, K-pop started to expand to the rest of the world as well, but it yet has not become well known enough to be mainstream in those countries. Kpop has undoubtly caught the interest of the growing new generation. [17]

K-pop is steadily gaining influence in foreign markets outside of Asia, however, most notably in the United States,[18] Canada, and Australia.[19] In 2009, Wonder Girls, one of Asia’s most successful music artists who sold millions of singles including the international #1 songs “Tell Me”, “So Hot” and “Nobody”, debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[20]

In 2011, Billboard implemented the Korea K-Pop Hot 100. The girl group 2ne1 was selected as the "Best New Band" by MTV.

In 2012, Girls' Generation debut as a girls' band. They were on shows such as 'LIVE! with Kelly', 'David Letterman', and 'Extra TV'.[21] Since February 27,2012, 2ne1 started working with will.i.am. [22]

Recently, K-pop has faced some serious problems. [23] Lack of understandings in different cultures raised anger of the foreign fan doms. Block- B, relatively new boys band, thoughtlessly mentioned the natural disaster in Thailand during their visit there. [24] Moreover, racial descriptions by k-pop stars are criticized. [25]Tiger JK has stated that as K-pop spreads more globally, these stars should pay more attention to the diversity of global population. He added the education on various cultures and international events are needed.[26]


Apprenticeship

[edit]

Today, apprenticeship is the universal strategy for nurturing girl groups, boy bands, and solo artists in the K-pop industry. To guarantee the high probability of success of new talent, talent agencies fully subsidize and oversee the professional lives and careers of trainees, often spending in excess of $400,000 to train and launch a new artist.[27] Through this practice of apprenticeship, which often lasts two years or more, trainees hone their voices, learn professional choreography, sculpt and shape their bodies through exercise, and study multiple languages all the while attending school.[2]

K-pop artists

[edit]
Main articles: List of K-pop artists and List of South Korean idol groups

See also

[edit]
Look up sandbox in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to K-pop.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ (in Korean) [특파원 월드워치]美아시안계, 韓流드라마에 푹 빠졌다 :: 네이버 뉴스. News.naver.com (2005-12-12). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  2. ^ a b The new Korean Wave: Girl groups. Korea.net (2010-10-28). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  3. ^ Korean wave laps at Norwegian shore @ HanCinema :: The Korean Movie and Drama Database, discover the South Korean cinema and drama diversity. Hancinema.net. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  4. ^ Korea Culture Center to host K-pop event in Argentina. Korea.net (2010-09-30). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  5. ^ "대중가요". Ency Korea. The Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  6. ^ Jung, Sun (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop idols. Hong Kong University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978988802867. Retrieved 5 December 2011. In 2009, the year-end South Korean popular music (K-pop) festivals and awards were filled with pretty boys disguised as girls. At the SBS Music Festival (Gayo Daejeon), some of the top idol boy bands — Super Junior, SHINee, 2PM, 2AM... {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ Hartong, Jan Laurens (2006). Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer. Semar Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 9788877780904. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Since the 1990s, popular genres like rap, rock and techno house have been incorporated into Korean popular music, setting the trend for the present generation of K-pop, which often emulates American models. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ Kim, Myung Oak; Jaffe, Sam (2010). The new Korea: an inside look at South Korea's economic rise. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 169. ISBN 9780814414897. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Rain and BoA belong to what is known as K- pop—Korean popular music. Before the early 1990s, the country's music industry was dominated by traditional folk music (crooned by older, often gray- haired singers), ballads,... {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ Holden, Todd Joseph Miles; Scrase, Timothy J. (2006). Medi@sia: global media/tion in and out of context. Taylor & Francis. p. 144. ISBN 9780415371551. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Since the 1990s, the term "K-pop" has become popularized to refer to Korean popular music, being widely used throughout East and Southeast Asia. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  10. ^ "허영생 "허영생은 발라드라는 고정관념 깨고파"". Sports Seoul (in Korean). 15 May 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011. － 솔로로 나오면서 어떤 모습을 보여주고 싶었나요.
    사람들이 허영생하면 발라드를 떠올리세요. SS501은 댄스곡을 주로 불렀지만 제가 팀에서 메인보컬을 맡았던 까닭에 발라드의 이미지가 강한가봐요. 솔로 준비를 하면서 지인들에게 "나 어떤 거 하면 될까?"라고 물어보면 항상 "발라드 해"라는 대답이 돌아왔어요. "댄스하면 어떨까?"라고 하면 "그냥 노래해"라고 하더군요. '사람들이 저에 대해 잘 모르고 있구나'라는 생각이 들었어요. 댄스도 좋아하고 자신있어요. 발라드는 노래만 불러야하고 재미없잖아요. 댄스하면서 관객들과 함께 무대를 즐기고 싶어요.
    (Question: Comparing to group and solo debut are there are kind of look you wanna potray?
    Young Saeng: If mentioned about Heo Young Saeng, people will tend to think about ballads. SS501 songs are usually dance songs, but because I am the main vocalist, thus the image of me as a ballad solo singer is more deep in people. So I asked my friends: "What should I sing?" I got "sing ballads" as the answer. "How about dancing?" "You will be remain better singing." Thus I find that those people really dont understand my thinking. I myself also like dance songs. Ballads which only sing will feel bored. Dance song can enjoy with the audience together.)     {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help); line feed character in |quote= at position 30 (help)
  11. ^ a b TIME Magazine: Korean Pop – Flying Too High?. 205.188.238.181. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  12. ^ Yoon, Lina. (2010-08-26) K-Pop Online: Korean Stars Go Global with Social Media. TIME. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  13. ^ ":JPNews 일본이 보인다! 일본뉴스포털!". Jpnews.kr. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  14. ^ "대중가요." 대중가요. Seoul: Academy of Korean Studies, Web. 8 Mar 2012. <http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Inde&xgt;.
  15. ^ [news] SM Entertainment continues to cash in profit for the 3rd Quarter of 2010 ~ Daily K Pop News. Dkpopnews.net. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  16. ^ Cerojano, Teresa, (Associated Press) "K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia", Japan Times, 25 September 2011, p. 9.
  17. ^ Matsutani, Minoru (30 August 2011). "K-pop striking chord with the young". Japan Times. p. 3.
  18. ^ 2 American Girls' Love of KPOP, News, Gossip. AKPF Website. Retrieved on 2011-07-18.
  19. ^ Mrkic, Mike (2011-02-26). "Korean pop the next big thing?". Star Observer. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  20. ^ "South Korean Pop Sensation Wonder Girls Hits The States | Access Hollywood - Celebrity News, Photos & Videos". Access Hollywood. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  21. ^ 한, 상미. "소녀시대, 미국 진출…CBS·ABC·NBC 방송 연달아 출연 ." Nocut News. 2012 02 02: n. page. Print. <http://www.nocutnews.co.kr/Show.asp?IDX=2047598>.
  22. ^ Park, Young Woo. "Will.I.Am arrives in Korea to help 2NE1." Korea.com. 2012 02 27: n. page. Web. 8 Mar. 2012. <http://star.mt.co.kr/stviewEng.php?type=3&no=2012022714550048381>.
  23. ^ "K-pop과 한류의 명암 - 위기의 한류." 글로벌셀러마니팜닷컴의 명품블로그. Tistory, 07 03 2012. Web. 9 Mar. 2012. <http://blog.manipam.com/593>.
  24. ^ 김, 상기. "엉덩이 내밀고 발로 박수… 블락비 태국 무개념 인터뷰 물의." 국민일보. 19 02 2012: n. page. Web. 9 Mar. 2012.
  25. ^ Park, Soyeon. ""K팝문화 흑인 비하… 놀랍고 역겹다"." Korean Pres. 05 03 2012: n. page. Web. 9 Mar. 2012.
  26. ^ 백, 지은. "타이거JK, "인종차별 안되는 이유, 아이들 알아야한다" 일침." Sports Chosun. 04 03 2012: n. page. Web. 9 Mar. 2012.
  27. ^ TIME Magazine: Korean Pop – Show Me the Money[dead link]. 205.188.238.181. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Heo, Juno (2012). K-pop community site. http://koremusic.tistory.com. JunoHeo Publishers. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)
  • Hartong, Jan Laurens (2006). Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer. Semar Publishers. ISBN 9788877780904.
  • Holden, Todd Joseph Miles; Scrase, Timothy J. (2006). Medi@sia: global media/tion in and out of context. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415371551.
  • Jung, Sun (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop idols. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978988802867. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  • Kim, Myung Oak; Jaffe, Sam (2010). The new Korea: an inside look at South Korea's economic rise. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. ISBN 9780814414897.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to K-pop.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Yjnoh/sandbox&oldid=1010458235"