The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics took place at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi, Russia, on 7 February 2014. It began at 20:14 MSK (UTC+4) and finished at 23:02 MSK (UTC+4). It was filmed and produced by OBS and Russian host broadcasters Channel One and VGTRK.[1] This was the first Winter Olympics and first Olympic Games opening ceremony under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.[2][3][4] This was also the second consecutive Winter Olympic opening ceremony to be held in an indoor stadium.
Part of 2014 Winter Olympics | |
Date | 7 February 2014 |
---|---|
Time | 20:14 – 23:02 MSK (UTC+4) |
Venue | Fisht Olympic Stadium |
Location | Sochi, Russia |
Coordinates | 43°24′08″N 39°57′22″E / 43.4022667°N 39.9561111°E |
Also known as | Power to the People |
Filmed by | Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) |
The Games were officially opened by President Vladimir Putin. An audience of 40,000 were in attendance at the stadium with an estimated 2,000 performers.[5]
Preparations
editThe site of the opening ceremony, Fisht Olympic Stadium was built specifically for the games. Fisht Stadium seats 40,000. No Olympic or Paralympic competitions were held there; it was only used for the opening and closing ceremonies during the respective Games.[6] Television producer Konstantin Ernst was the main Creative Head in charge of the opening ceremonies.[7] Andrei Nasonovsky was the Executive Producer of record; and Andrei Boltenko was the writer and director of the ceremony. A different team was in charge of the Closing Ceremony as well as the Paralympic ceremonies.
Proceedings
editPre-ceremony activities included performances by the Russian pop duo t.A.T.u. and the Ministry of Internal Affairs choir, who performed a version of Daft Punk's "Get Lucky".[8][9][10]
Opening section
editDreams of Russia
editLetter | Association (Romanisation) |
Association (in Russian) |
---|---|---|
А | ABC | Азбука |
Б | Baikal | Байкал |
В | Sikorsky's helicopter | Вертолёт Сикорского |
Г | Gagarin, Gzhel | Гагарин, Гжель |
Д | Dostoyevsky | Достоевский |
Е | Catherine II | Екатерина II |
Ё | Hedgehog in the Fog | Ёжик в тумане |
Ж | Zhukovsky | Жуковский |
З | Corn mowing machine | Зерноуборочная машина |
И | Empire | Империя |
Й | Tchaikovsky | Чайковский |
К | Kandinsky | Кандинский |
Л | Lunokhod | Луноход |
М | Malevich | Малевич |
Н | Nabokov | Набоков |
О | Space Station | Орбитальная станция |
П | Periodic table | Периодическая таблица |
Р | Russian ballet | Русский балет |
С | Sputnik | Спутник |
Т | Tolstoy, Television | Толстой, Телевидение |
У | Ushanka | Ушанка |
Ф | Fisht (Pun: Fisht) | Фишт |
Х | Khokhloma | Хохлома |
Ц | Tsiolkovsky | Циолковский |
Ч | Chekhov | Чехов |
Ш | Chagall | Шагал |
Щ | Shchusev | Щусев |
Ъ | Pushkin | Пушкинъ |
Ы | We | Мы |
Ь | Lyubov', Love | Любовь |
Э | Eisenstein | Эйзенштейн |
Ю | Parachute | Парашют |
Я | Russia | Россия |
The ceremony, opened with an on-screen video showing 11-year-old Liza Temnikova playing a character named Lyubov (Russian for 'love') reciting the Russian alphabet. Each letter is associated with images of a famous Russian person or landmark. Many of the letters features some of Russia's most famous writers such as Dostoyevsky, Nabokov, Tolstoy, Chekhov, and countless others that have impacted Russian history, culture, literature, and philosophy.
Lyubov then flew into the air as she dreamed of grabbing the tail of a kite and being lifted far off the stage. Nine different floats, carrying Russian landscapes, passed beneath her as she slept.[7]
Five large snowflakes descended into the stadium which expanded and joined to form the Olympic rings. However, a technical error caused the fifth ring not to expand, and pyrotechnics did not go off from the rings. The mishap was later self-mocked by the organizers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolizing the Olympic rings "failed" to expand.
Anthems
editThe Sretensky Monastery men's choir sang the Russian National Anthem, while 240 volunteers stood in formation wearing glowing suits of white, red, and blue to represent the Russian flag.[11][12] The Russian flag bearers were a detachment of cosmonauts — Fyodor Yurchikhin (who returned from space with the torch), Roman Romanenko, Svetlana Savitskaya and Yelena Serova – and the flag was raised by Sergei Krikalev.[13] The volunteers moved up and down to create a waving flag motion.[11][12]
Parade of Nations
editThe Parade of Nations was led, according to custom due to hosting the original ancient Olympics, by the Greek team, followed by other competing countries in alphabetical order based on their names in the Russian language, with the host country, Russia, culminating the march. Athletes were then seated in the lower level of the stadium's stands. A projected rendering of the Earth showing each competing country (along with their names in English, French and Russian, respectively) was displayed on the stadium floor as they entered. The parade was accompanied with a soundtrack by Russian electronic dance music producer Leonid Rudenko, which featured remixes of popular Russian music.[12][14][15]
Mascots
editAfter the Parade of Nations entered, the three mascots of the Games come out and walk on an ice-based shaping rink LED of the stadium. The hare is an alpine skier, the leopard and the polar bear are the skiers using skating rink shoes. The mascots bow quickly then head off for the next segment.[11]
Performances
editThe opening ceremony focused heavily on classical music and large scale productions.[7] Performances journeyed through Russian history through the eyes of a little girl called Lyubov ("Love"), played by Liza Temnikova, touching on Russia's art, music, and ballet.[14] The Russian history presentation was ushered in by a brightly-lit troika of three horses followed by a red sun. Performances included the building of St Basil's Cathedral, represented by colourful inflatable sculptures,[16] and 17th century czar Peter the Great building an army as Russia transitioned from medieval times to the 20th century.[17] Czar Peter's marching cadets (160 male dancers) moved from a map of the St Petersburg projected on the stadium floor to an imperial ball inspired by Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, and featuring ballet dancers including Danila Korsuntsev, Ivan Vasiliev, and Svetlana Zakharova.[18] The ball included music by Aleksander Sergeyevich Zatsepin and ended with the fifth movement (Rondo) of Alfred Schnittke's Concerto Grosso No. 1.[19]
Fourteen columns rose from the floor, then disappeared, replaced first by scenes of the Russian Revolution and Soviet industrialization, followed by a giant moving reproduction of the famous statue Worker and Kolkhoz Woman made by Vera Mukhina in 1937, with hammer and sickle flying over the arena, symbolising the period of great industrialisation following the Bolshevik Revolution.[20][21] Dozens of men carried rockets and the name of Yuri Gagarin appeared on the floor, followed up skyscrapers emerging against a background of modern typography.[11]
The organizing committee initially wanted to include scenes of Soviet victory in the World War Two, but the IOC protested and the plans were abandoned.[22]
Putin declared the games open,[14] followed by a performance of Swan Lake in which the Swans, holding strands of blue LED lights, transformed into the Dove of Peace, a traditional Olympic symbol. Prima ballerina Diana Vishneva was among those who performed.[17]
Many performers wore white to symbolise peace. More than 3,000 performers and 2,000 volunteers took part in the show.[14] 10,000 people in all helped organise and execute the ceremonies. 120 projectors and 2.6 million lumens turned the stadium floor into a 3D, moving landscape.[11]
Oath and torch lighting
editThe Olympic flag was brought into the stadium with eight flag bearers: Chulpan Khamatova, Lidiya Skoblikova, Anastasia Popova, Valentina Tereshkova, Viacheslav Fetisov, Valery Gergiev, Alan Enileev and Nikita Mikhalkov.[23] During the flag raising, opera singer Anna Netrebko later sang the Olympic Anthem in Russian.[11]
The Olympic Oath on behalf of all athletes was taken by Ruslan Zakharov (Short-track), Vyacheslav Vedenin took the oath for all judges and Anastasia Popkova took the oath for all coaches.
For the finale, tennis player Maria Sharapova brought the Olympic Torch (the torch that had gone to the International Space Station in November) into the stadium. She handed it off to pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva who, in turn, passed it to wrestler Aleksandr Karelin. Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast Alina Kabaeva. Figure skater Irina Rodnina took the torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak, handing the torch to him. Tretiak jogged out of the stadium alongside Rodnina. The pair then jointly lit the Olympic cauldron installed at the Sochi Medals Plaza in Sochi Olympic Park to the music of the "Firebird Suite" by Igor Stravinsky. Gas jets led the Olympic flame to the top of the Olympic Cauldron. This was followed by a fireworks display across the area around Fisht Olympic Stadium, including the other sporting venues.[14] Twenty-two tonnes of fireworks were lit as Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker score played.[11][14] In total, the show lasted just under three hours.[14]
Music
editThe music for the winning bid was composed by Eric Babak with the Russian State Symphony Cinema Orchestra with the State Academic Choral Chapel of Russia.
- Pre-show concert before broadcasting
- Live performances by Golos artists ("We Are the Champions"), TOKiO (Russian rock band) [ru] (Sochi 2014 Anthem for Fans), Russian MOI choir ("Get Lucky"), t.A.T.u. ("Nas Ne Dogonyat") and Pelageya ("Oy, to ne vecher"). Presented by Ivan Urgant and Yana Churikova.
- Voices of Russia (Russian Alphabet melody) by Alexander Knyazev
- Opening section
- Alexander Borodin's "Fly away on the wings of the wind" (Polovtsian Dances)
- "Glory to the beautiful Sun" from Alexander Borodin's Prince Igor
- Parade of Nations (remixes by DJ Leonid Rudenko)
- Greece-Andorra, Estonia-Japan – "No coward plays hockey" (with a voice)
- Argentina-Great Britain – "Somewhere Far Away" (Song about distant Motherland) (only melody)
- Hungary-Israel – "Summer Will End" (only melody)
- Iran-Liechtenstein – "My Rock 'n Roll" (with Bi-2's and Yulia Chicherina's voices)
- Luxembourg-Nepal – Yablochko (folk melody, a chastushka and sailors dance) remix by DJ Leonid Rudenko
- Netherlands-San Marino – "Do You Want?" (with Zemfira's voice)
- Serbia-Thailand – Cry, Dance, Run from me by Gosti iz budushchego (with Eva Polna's voice)
- Chinese Taipei-France – "There's just a blink..." (only melody)
- Croatia-Sweden – Blood Type (with Viktor Tsoi's voice)
- Russia – "Nas Ne Dogonyat" and "We Will Rock You" remix by DJ Leonid Rudenko
- Mascots
- Tamás Deák's "Vízisí" (opening theme of Well, Just You Wait!)
- Performances
- Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring
- Ivan Kupala's "Kostroma"
- Erik Eriksson's Petersburger Marsch (Marsch aus Petersburg)
- The Red Tent waltz (from The Red Tent) – Natasha Rostova's First Ball
- "My Affectionate and Tender Beast" waltz (from A Hunting Accident) – Natasha Rostova's First Ball
- Alfred Schnittke's Concerto Grosso No. 1. V. Rondo
- Georgy Sviridov's Time, Forward! suite [ru] (from Time, Forward!)
- Andrey Pavlovich Petrov's Walking the Streets of Moscow
- Muslim Magomayev's "The Best City on Earth"
- "Sabre Dance" with Russian "Nas Ne Dogonyat" and English "Not Gonna Get Us"
- Operation Y and Shurik's Other Adventures theme
- Olimpiada-1980 hymn ("The golden Olympic flame")
- Vasily Solovyov-Sedoi and Mikhail Matusovsky's "Moscow Nights"
- "Lubeh"'s "Guys from our neighborhood"
- Eduard Khil's vocalise I Am Glad, 'Cause I'm Finally Returning Back Home [ru]
- Arkady Ostrovsky and Lev OshaninMay's May There Always Be Sunshine
- Eduard Artemyev's composition Campaign or Death of the hero (Siberiade theme)
- Doves of Peace section
- The Olympic flag
- Final section remixes
- Lighting of the Cauldron
- The Firebird Suite by Igor Stravinsky. Final hymn.
- Fireworks
- Nutcracker Suite. Trepak (Russian Dance)
- Tchaikovsky – The Sleeping Beauty, Introduction (from The Sleeping Beauty)
- Georgy Sviridov's Snow-Storm: Waltz (from The Blizzard)
- Aram Khachaturian – Masquerade: Waltz
- Modest Mussorgsky – The Polonaise (from Act 3 of Boris Gudonov)
Anthems
editTelevision coverage
editThe malfunction of the fifth Olympic snowflake ring was not seen during the telecast of the ceremony in Russia, where both Channel One and VGTRK quickly cut to footage of the scene from a dress rehearsal, where the sequence worked correctly.[25][26]
In the United States, NBC's broadcasts of the opening ceremony were delayed until evening hours.[27] The broadcast attracted 31.7 million American viewers, compared to 32.6 million for the live telecast of the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.[28]
In Britain, BBC Two's coverage of the ceremony attracted a peak 3.2 million viewers and an average rating of 2.47 million.[29]
BBM Canada ratings for CBC's live, repeat and online broadcasts of the ceremony totalled 6.974 million viewers.[30]
In Australia, Ten broadcast the ceremony at 3 am AEDT.
Reception
editThe Independent's Simon Rice found some portions of the ceremony to be "confusing" and other "spectacular", while describing the cauldron lighting as "an unimaginative domino of flames".[31] The New York Times review described the proceedings as "sheer pageantry and national pride".[20] Katherine Monk of Canada's Postmedia News described the athletes' clothing as "a lot sexier than the old Communist-era cardboard garb".[32] Kathy Lally and Will Englund of The Washington Post commented that "The scale bordered on the colossal" and called the ceremony "poetry – in motion".[33]
Despite Russia's stance on LGBT people (including its 2013 law banning the distribution of LGBT "propaganda" to minors, which had been a major concern leading up to the Olympics), the Huffington Post noted that the opening ceremony, ironically, featured tributes to "some of history's most widely acclaimed and definitely gay Russians", including composer Peter Tchaikovsky (1840–1893), ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky (1889–1950), and patron of arts, and founder of Ballets Russes, Sergei Diaghilev. Russian organizers denied any connection, stating that these figures were selected because of their cultural significance.[34][35] On the same topic, critics also noted the Russian pop duo t.A.T.u were invited to perform during the opening ceremony; although they are not actually lesbian, the all-female duo were well known for incorporating themes of lesbianism in their music and on-stage personas (live appearances often featured the singers kissing each other), its name is a corruption of a shortened Russian phrase meaning "this girl loves that girl", and the duo made a statement in support of LGBT rights in the wake of Yuri Luzhkov's objection to the 2007 Moscow Pride parade.[36] Organizers noted that t.A.T.u were chosen because they were well known to an international audience, denying any relation to LGBT rights.[10][37]
Dignitaries in attendance
editAside from athletes and members of the IOC, 5 multilateral leaders and representatives from more than 80 countries (included at least 60 heads of state and government) attended the opening ceremony.[14][38]
IOC President Thomas Bach and predecessor Jacques Rogge
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon
CIS Secretary General Sergei Lebedev
Council of Europe President Thorbjorn Jagland
SCO President Vladimir Norov
African Union Former President Jean Ping
Abkhazia President Alexander Ankvab
Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai
Andorra Prime Minister Antoni Marti
Albania Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev
Armenia President Serzh Sargsyan
Austria Chancellor Werner Faymann
Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko
Belgium Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo
Bolivia President Evo Morales
Bosnia-Herzegovina President Bakir Izetbegovic
Brazil Vice President Michel Temer
Bulgaria President Rosen Plevneliev and Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski
Canada State Councillor Tim Stevenson
China President Xi Jinping[39] and Premier Li Keqiang
Croatia President Ivo Josipovic
Cyprus President Nicos Anastasiades
Czech Republic President Miloš Zeman
Denmark Crown Prince Frederik[a]
Estonia Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
Finland President Sauli Niinistö and Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen
France Deputy Prime Minister Laurent Fabius
Gabon President Ali Bongo Ondimba
Greece President Karolos Papoulias
Georgia President Mikheil Saakashvili
Germany Former Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder
Hungary President János Áder and Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
Hong Kong Former Chief Executive Donald Tsang
Iceland President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson
India Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Ireland Deputy Premier Leo Varadkar
Italy Prime Minister Enrico Letta
Jordan King Abdullah II and Prince Feisal bin Al Hussein
Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and predecessor Yoshiro Mori
Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev
Kosovo Vice President Hashim Thaci
Kyrgyzstan President Almazbek Atambayev
Latvia President Andris Bērziņš[40][41][42]
Lebanon Prime Minister Najib Mikati
Liechtenstein Prime Minister Adrian Hasler
Lithuania Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius[43]
Luxembourg Monarch Grand Duke Henri
Macedonia President Gjorge Ivanov
Moldova Prime Minister Iurie Leanca
Mongolia President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Montenegro President Filip Vujanovic
Monaco Prince Albert and Princess Charlene[44]
Morocco Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane
Netherlands King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and Prime Minister Mark Rutte[45]
Norway Crown Prince Haakon[b]
North Korea President Kim Yong Nam
Palestine Prime Minister Salam Fayyad
Poland President Bronislaw Komorowski and former President Lech Walesa
Qatar Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Romania Prime Minister Victor Ponta
Russia President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev
Rwanda President Paul Kagame
Saudi Arabia Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman
Serbia President Tomislav Nikolic
South Africa Vice President Cyril Ramaphosa
South Ossetia President Leonid Tibilov
South Korea President Park Geun-hye and Prime Minister Jung Hong-won
Soviet Union Former President Mikhail Gorbachev
Switzerland President Didier Burkhalter
Spain Crown Prince Felipe[c] and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy
Slovakia President Ivan Gasparovic
Slovenia President Borut Pahor
Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia
Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon
Turkey Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
United Kingdom Princess Royal Anne[d]
United States Deputy Secretary of State William J. Burns
Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych
Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov[46]
Vanuatu Prime Minister Ham Lini
Politicians declining to attend the ceremonies
editAndorra / France: François Hollande, who declined to cite a reason.[47]
Canada: Stephen Harper, citing the fact that Canadian prime ministers do not typically attend the Winter Games outside of Canada.[48]
Germany: Joachim Gauck, who did not cite a reason; however the national human rights commissioner Markus Loening said that it was a "wonderful gesture".[49]
Lithuania: Dalia Grybauskaitė, citing Russia's economic sanctions against Lithuania and its "attitude" toward Eastern partners.[50]
United Kingdom: David Cameron, citing a scheduling conflict and the fact that no British prime minister has attended the Winter Games.[51]
United States: Barack Obama, citing a desire to not distract from competitions.[52]
Notes
edit- ^ Representing the Queen of Denmark
- ^ Representing the King of Norway
- ^ Representing the King of Spain
- ^ Representing the Queen of the United Kingdom
References
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- ^ Owen Gibson (7 February 2014). "Sochi 2014 opening ceremony: Ernst delivers disco-led paean to the past". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ a b c Faith Karimi; Michael Martinez (7 February 2014). "Sochi 2014 begins with teams, classical music and a flying girl". CNN. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Spoiler Alert: Watch a Russian Police Choir Sing 'Daft Punk' in Sochi | National Review Online". Nationalreview.com. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ Gibson, Megan (7 February 2014). "t.A.T.u. To Perform at Sochi Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony | TIME.com". Entertainment.time.com. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ a b Jess Denham (7 February 2014). "Russian 'lesbian' duo t.A.T.u to perform at Sochi Olympics?". The Independent (London). Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kathy Lally; Will Englund (7 February 2014). "Olympics open in Sochi with extravagant pageant". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ a b c Lucas, Dan (18 April 2011). "Sochi opening ceremony: live". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi Winter Olympics Launch with Space-Flown Torch, Cosmonaut Flag-Bearers". Space.com. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sam Sheringham (7 February 2014). "Sochi 2014: Winter Olympics opens with glittering ceremony". BBC. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
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- ^ The New Yorker (7 February 2014). "Slide Show: Sochi Opening Ceremony". The New Yorker. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b Nick Miller (8 February 2014). "A cheat sheet for the Winter Olympics opening ceremony". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi Opening Ceremony – Gallery Presented by US Airways". Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ Gary Sheftick; Tim Hipps (9 February 2014). "Soldiers see Russian history at Sochi Opening Ceremony". Army News Service. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M. (7 February 2014). "Olympics Opening Ceremony Offers Fanfare for a Reinvented Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
- ^ "Sochi 2014 in five pictures". beranger.org. 7 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
- ^ "How Russia hits back at slights over WWII victory left out in Sochi opening ceremony". 10 February 2014.
- ^ Le Segretain, Pascal (7 February 2014). "Sochi Olympics opening ceremony". CBC.ca. CBC. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
Image 18/24. Olympic flag bearers Chulpan Khamatova, Lidiya Skoblikova, Anastasia Popova, Valentina Tereshkova, Vyacheslav Fetisov, Valeriy Gergiev, Alan Enileev and Nikita Mikhalkov carry the Olympic flag during the Opening Ceremony. The special guests at the opening ceremony were His Excellency Wise Ahmad Nikmal, Mr.Hamid Karzai and Mr.Abdul Rahman Hanif. (Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
- ^ "love"-–-lights-opening-ceremony "NBC Olympics". Nbcolympics.com. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
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- ^ Bauder, David (8 February 2014). "Olympic Viewing: NBC's Opening Ceremony Editing". Associated Press/ABC. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ O'Connell, Michael (8 February 2014). "TV Ratings: Sochi's Opening Ceremony Falls Just Shy of Vancouver Olympics". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony draws in 2.47 million". Metro. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Zelkovich, Chris (12 February 2014). "The Great Canadian Ratings Report: Sochi audiences on CBC strong – maybe". Yahoo/BBM. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Rice, Simon (7 February 2014). "Winter Olympics 2014 opening ceremony review: Sochi ceremony confusing and spectacular in equal measure". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ Monk, Katherine (7 February 2014). "Sochi opening ceremony review: Communism is dead, you can tell by the clothes". Postmedia News. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ Lally, Kathy (7 February 2014). "Olympics open in Sochi with extravagant pageant". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ^ "Nobody Tell Russia, But Look How Super Gay Their Olympics Opening Ceremony Was". Huffington Post. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
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- ^ "Russian pop duo tATu support Moscow Pride". Pink News. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi: Fake Lesbian Russian Pop Duo t.A.T.u. to Perform at Olympics' Opening Ceremony". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ^ "Leaders Attending Sochi Olympics Opening Ceremony". ABC News. AP. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi organizer says 65 leaders coming to Olympics, a record for Winter Games". foxnews.com. Associated Press. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ курс, The Baltic Course-Балтийский. "Latvian and Russian presidents meet for first time in Sochi". The Baltic Course | Baltic States news & analytics. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
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- ^ "Putin shakes hands with Latvian Premier in Sochi". www.baltictimes.com. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ "Lithuanian PM leaves for Sochi to attend 2014 Winter Olympics". 8 September 2015.
- ^ THS the Prince and Princess at the opening ceremony for the Winter Olympics in Sochi Archived 5 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine Palais.mc. Retrieved 7 February 2014
- ^ "Koning Willem-Alexander vijf dagen in Sotsji" (in Dutch). Nusport.nl. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "At opening ceremony of Sochi Olympics Azerbaijani President was seated next to presidents of Abkhazia and South Ossetia". Panorama. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ "French President Francois Hollande to shun Sochi games". BBC. 15 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Prime Minister Stephen Harper announces he won't attend Russia's Winter Olympics in Sochi | National Post". News.nationalpost.com. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "German President Gauck will not attend Sochi Games". Reuters. 8 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Sochi Olympics: Lithuanian president to skip Russia Games". TwinCities.com. Associated Press. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Cameron won't attend Russia's Sochi Winter Olympics". Reuters. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
- ^ "Obama explains Sochi absence in interview with NBC's Bob Costas". Politico. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
External links
edit- Official website
- ,SearchTerms:'Sochi%202014%20Olympic%20Games%20Opening%20ceremony%20media%20guide',SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:(Scenario:,Scope:Default,Size:!n,Source:,Support:),UseSpellChecking:!n))) Sochi 2014 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony Media Guide (as found on the Olympic Library)
- CrowdAlbum.com Fan photos
- Complete video of Sochi 2014 Opening Ceremony