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Indigenous-based organized crime (IBOC), formerly known as Aboriginal-based organized crime (ABOC), is a term used to refer to Canadian criminal organizations which have a significant percentage of indigenous members. These organizations are primarily found in the prairie provinces, which tend to have areas with high concentrations of people of indigenous descent.[1] IBOC is an important national monitored issue, as defined by Criminal Intelligence Service Canada.[2]
Criminal activities
editThere is confusion about how to properly intervene in preventing the growth of these gangs. One approach in Winnipeg recommended an all-indigenous school board in the face of increased gang involvement by indigenous youth.[3] These schools are viewed as a means of increasing respect for traditional indigenous values while allowing youth to avoid involvement in gangs. There is caution toward such strategies due to the fear that these schools, purely as an anti-crime initiative, will lead to ghettoization.[4] The thought of creating an indigenous school system struck some as reeking of segregation. Similar initiatives have been discussed in Saskatchewan, leading to a recommendation by the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations in late 2009.[5]
Indigenous street gangs
editIndigenous gangs, as the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada classifies them, have surpassed outlaw motorcycle gangs and Italian organized crime syndicates as the largest single group held in federal prisons, with 1,936 members serving federal sentences.[6] Examples include:
- Alberta Warriors[7]
- Indian Mafia[8]
- Indian Posse[9]
- Kelowna Warriors[10]
- Manitoba Warriors[11]
- Most Organized Brothers[12]
- Native Syndicate[13]
- Native Syndicate Killers[8]
- Redd Alert[14]
- Saskatchewan Warriors[15]
- Terror Squad[16]
- Terror Squad Killers[17]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Aboriginal Gangs in Prairie Provinces in 'Crisis Proportions'". Culture. First Nations Drum. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ "Aboriginal Based Organized Crime". Criminal Intelligence Services Canada. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ "All-Aboriginal Board May Boost Grad Rates, Curb Gangs". News. CTV News. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on December 4, 2009.
- ^ Welch, Mary Agnes. "Native-only schools eyed to fight crime". Numbers Watchdog. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ^ "FSIN Calls For Aboriginal School System". News. Saskatoon Star-Phoenix.
- ^ "Armed posses spreading violence across Prairie communities". Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ Thug Life Darcy Henton, Alberta Views (1 June 2011)
- ^ a b When 'loyalty or death' crumbles: Leaving gangs after 15 years in the life Alec Salloum, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (18 October 2019)
- ^ "Indian Posse: Prison Gang Profile". Insideprison.com. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
- ^ "New Kelowna criminal gang is small but dangerous". Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ Rise of the Manitoba Warriors James Turner, Winnipeg Sun (10 March 2013)
- ^ "MOB street gang has grown into major threat: police report". Winnipeg Sun. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ Native Syndicate gang members lose bid for new murder trial Lisa Joy, SaskToday.ca (21 June 2021)
- ^ JH. "About the Redd Alert gang". Kamloops Daily News. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ "Gang members sentenced for 'violent and vicious' kidnapping". Saskatoon StarPhoenix. 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ Terror Squad 101: Profiler offers rare peek into inner workings of Saskatoon drug gang at murder trial Guy Quenneville, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (18 September 2018)
- ^ "Terror Squad gang founder sentenced for cocaine trafficking | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved 2018-07-11.