This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2014) |
James Eldon Swan (November 18, 1912 – 29 October 1995) was an American country musician[1][2][3] and later, a segregationist political candidate.
Early life
editBirth and childhood
editJames Edgar Swan was born on November 18, 1912, in the Sand Hill area of Cullman County, Alabama. After his father left the family, Swan moved with his mother to Birmingham in 1922.[4]
Marriage and musical firsts
editAt age 15, he won a talent show at an Alabama radio station, but didn't make anything of it at first. He married at age 17 with Grace Armour, a beauty queen, and quickly had three children, Charles, Wanda, and Randy, and was unable to put together a band until the beginning of the 1940s, due to him having to provide for his family.[1]
Later in his musical career he met Hank Locklin, and had Hank Williams play with him at various venues across Mississippi and Louisiana.
Move to Mississippi
editMusical career
editHe moved to Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and worked in local radio as well as the honky tonk circuit. Disappointed with the drunken, violent lifestyle of honky tonk bars, he quit music to become a disc jockey in 1948, returning only in 1952 after an offer from Trumpet Records. Swan saw success with "I Had a Dream" and "The Last Letter", the latter a tribute to Hank Williams, who had died in 1953.
He signed with MGM Records and was groomed to be a successor act to Hank Williams, but he chafed at the more pop-oriented music the label wanted him to record in favor of a more hillbilly music sound. Still one of Swan's biggest nationwide hits was his hillbilly-country single "Good and Lonesome" written by his partner Bobby Enlow a Chet Atkins style guitarist and songwriter from Foxworth, Mississippi.
The song Good and Lonesome was written by Enlow for his sweetheart and future wife Billie Jean Kennedy who lived a few counties over in Magnolia, Mississippi. Bobby Enlow recorded into the 1960s but quickly fell from national view after suffering a broken neck in an automobile accident that left him paralyzed for six months. After that Enlow did regain his musical talent but not his desire to play music seven nights a week. The end of the wildly popular Swann/Enlow partnership was coming to an end.
In 1966, Swan was more concerned with his radio station in Hattiesburg, WBKH, than about his singing.[1]
Swan's first issue on CD was with Bear Family Records in 1993.
Politics
editSwan also fell from the national stage and in Swan's later life, he retired from music completely and went into politics, running for sheriff of Hattiesburg and then running for the Democratic primary for governor of Mississippi in 1967 and 1971, which he both lost.
Democratic primary for Governor of Mississippi
edit1967 election
editIn 1967, he ran in the Democratic primary for the governorship of Mississippi on a White supremacy platform, wearing a white suit to stress his political program.[5] His campaign bodyguard Pat Massengale was a member of the Knights of the Green Forrest, a Ku Klux Klan organization.[6]
He supported school segregation and the creation of “FREE, private, SEGREGATED SCHOOLS for every white child in the State of Mississippi" in the first twelve months of his term, or else he would resign and publicly apologize, and called to save Mississippi "from the moral degeneracy of total mass integration that Washington has decreed for our children this fall", when schools were to be integrated by the HEW.[7][8]
He supported White supremacy, telling that granting equality to the African Americans was to make savagery the equal of civilization.[7] About the urban riots of this year, he described them as a part of a "Communist-inspired revolution", promising to use extreme force if such riots occurred in Mississippi.[9]
He managed to attract segregationists who disagreed with how Ross Barnett managed the Ole Miss riot of 1962, finding him too moderate.[7]
Finally, he called to "put the Bible, prayer and patriotism back in the schools.[5]"
He finished third, with 18.18% of the vote.
1971 election
editSwan ran for the Democratic nomination for governor on a segregationist platform, the lone one alongside Judge Marshall Perry of Grenada.[10]
Although he somewhat tried to soften his rhetoric, he still praised Theodore Bilbo, brandishing in public his book Take Your Choice: Separation Or Mongrelization.[11][12]
Personal life
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Discography
edit| Year | Title | Record label |
|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Juke Joint Mama / I Had A Dream | Trumpet Records |
| 1952 | Triflin’ On Me / I Love You Too Much | Trumpet Records |
| 1953 | The Last Letter / The Little Church | MGM Records |
| 1953 | Losers Weepers / Mark Of Shame | Trumpet Records |
| 1954 | Lonesome Daddy Blues / One More Time | Trumpet Records |
| 1955 | Frost On My Roof / It’s Your Turn To Cry | MGM Records |
| 1956 | Hey, Baby Baby / Why Did You Change Your Mind? | MGM Records |
| 1956 | Country Cattin’ / The Way That You’re Living | MGM Records |
| 1957 | Lonesome Man / Good and Lonesome | MGM Records |
| 1960 | No One Loves A Broken Heart / Don’t Conceal Your Wedding Ring | Decca Records |
| 1965 | Honky Tonkin’ / I Love You Too Much | JB Records |
| 1965 | Rattlesnake Daddy / It Takes A Lonesome Man | JB Records |
| 1966 | Walkin’ My Dog / Asleep In The Deep | JB Records |
| 1968 | Good and Lonesome / Why Did You Change Your Mind? | Big Howdy Records |
Notes and references
edit- ^ a b c "Jimmy Swan, "Honky Tonkin' in Mississippi"". bopping. 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ "mus-coh_swanj_Transcript.pdf | Digital Collections at The University of Southern Mississippi". digitalcollections.usm.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ "Jimmy Swan - Library of Congress". id.loc.gov. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ^ Ryan 2004, p. 79.
- ^ a b McCain, William David (2008). The Journal of Mississippi History. Mississippi historical society. p. 386.
- ^ Newton, Michael (2009-12-21). The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: A History. McFarland. p. 174. ISBN 9780786457045.
- ^ a b c J., B. (August 8, 1967). "The Mississippi Election Today". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
- ^ Hawkins, James K. (2010-03-11). A Case Study of the Educational Reform Efforts of Former Mississippi Governor William F. Winter. Universal-Publishers. p. 50. ISBN 9781599423111.
- ^ Wilkie, Curtis (2002-05-16). Dixie: A Personal Osyssey Through Historic Events That Shaped the Modern South. Simon and Schuster. p. 170. ISBN 9780743226042.
- ^ Reed, Roy (1971-08-05). "Mississippi Rebuffs Anti-Negro Politics". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ Reed, Roy (1971-08-04). "Moderate Leads in Mississippi Race for Governor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ Billington, Monroe Lee (1975). The political South in the twentieth century. Scribner. pp. 128. ISBN 9780684139869.
jimmy swan 1971 bilbo.
Works cited
edit- Ryan, Marc (2004). Trumpet Records. University of Mississippi Press. ISBN 9781617035258.