Kommando Nowotny was a Luftwaffe fighter Gruppe formed during the last months of World War II for testing and establishing tactics for the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, and was created and first commanded by Walter Nowotny, from whom it drew its name.
| Kommando Nowotny | |
|---|---|
| Active | September 1944 – November 1944 |
| Country |  Nazi Germany |
| Branch | Luftwaffe |
| Type | Fighter aircraft unit |
| Role | Aerial warfare Air combat manoeuvring Air supremacy Airstrike |
| Size | Air Force Gruppe |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Walter Nowotny Erich Hohagen |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | Messerschmitt Me 262 |
Formation
editKommando Nowotny (Kdo. Nowotny—Commando Nowotny) was formed on 26 September 1944 following the disestablishment of the earlier Erprobungskommando 262 test unit at Lechfeld Airfield, sometimes also referred to as Kommondo Thierfelder which was named after its former commander Hauptmann Werner Thierfelder.[1] Operational status was reached on 3 October at Achmer Airfield and Hesepe.[2] The Stab (headquarters unit) of Kommando Nowotny was created from the Stab of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Zerstörergeschwader 26 (ZG 26—26th Destroyer Wing).[Note 1] At first, III. Gruppe of ZG 26 was renamed to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6—6th Fighter Wing). During this transition, 8. and 9. Staffeln (squadrons) of ZG 26 became 9. and 10. Staffel of JG 6. On 16 October, III. Gruppe was detached from JG 6 and was renamed to Kommando Nowotny.[3]
In consequence, the Stab of III. Gruppe of JG 6 became the Stab of Kdo. Nowotny while 9. and 10. Staffel of JG 6 respectively became 1. and 2. Staffel of Kdo. Nowotny. On 5 November, the creation of a 3rd Staffel was ordered, to be completed by 30 November. The creation of a 4th Staffel was ordered on 12 November but never implemented. The objective of Kdo. Nowotny was to evaluate and establish tactics for the newly developed Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.[3] General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Force) Adolf Galland had hoped that the Me 262 would compensate for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) numerical superiority.[4] The units first commander and namesake was Major Walter Nowotny who had previously commanded I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front and the training unit Jagdgeschwader 101 (JG 101—101st Fighter Wing).[3]
Operational history
editAfter Nowotny took command of the Kommando, he submitted a demand for staff, requesting many former JG 54 pilots as possible. He replaced Oberleutnant Hans-Günter Müller, the commanding officer of the Staffel based at Hesepe, with Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer. Teumer received some training on the Me 262 at Rechlin. On 4 October, Teumer flew from Rechlin to Hesepe. During the landing approach, Teumer's aircraft suffered engine failure killing him in the resulting crash.[5]
Following Nowotny's death on 8 November, the Kommando was withdrawn from combat operations and its pilots sent to Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2, a replacement training unit at Lechfeld Airfield, for further training. Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing) "Nowotny" was then formed and placed under the command of Oberst Johannes Steinhoff. On 19 November, remnants of Kommando Nowotny was redesignated at Lechfeld Airfield to III. Gruppe of JG 7 and ordered to Brandenburg-Briest where they joined the Stab of JG 7. In consequence, the 1., 2. and 3. Staffel of Kdo. Nowotny became the 9., 10, and 11. Staffel of III. Gruppe of JG 7 which Steinhoff had placed under the command of Major Erich Hohagen.[6] On 24 November, Kommando Nowotny was officially disbanded and ceased to exist as an independent unit.[7] Due to the experimental nature of the unit, and the technical difficulties in operating the jet fighters, the unit had a less than illustrious record. In the time from 4 October to 24 November, a total of 24 enemy aircraft were claimed shot down for a loss of 28 Me 262s either damaged or destroyed.[8]
Losses
edit| Date | Werknummer factory number |
Fate | Pilot |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 October 1944 | 170044 | Engine failure on landing at Hesepe, 75% damage | Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer killed in flying accident[9] |
| 4 October 1944 | 170047 | Landing gear failure during landing at Braunschweig-Waggum, 25% damage | Hauptmann Franz Schall[9] |
| 5 October 1944 | 110405 | Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing on the Autobahn near Braunschweig, 10% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach[9] |
| 7 October 1944 | 170307 | Aerial combat near Achmer, crashed west of Bramsche, 100% damage | Oberleutnant Paul Bey bailed out[9] |
| 7 October 1944 | 110395 | Strafed by North American P-51 Mustang fighters during takeoff, 100% damage | Oberfähnrich Heinz Russel wounded[9] |
| 7 October 1944 | 110405 | Shot down during takeoff, exploded in midair, 100% damage | Leutnant Gerhard Kobert killed in action[10] |
| 12 October 1944 | 110388 | Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing at Steenwijk, 15% damage | Oberleutnant Paul Bley[10] |
| 12 October 1944 | 110402 | Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing at Bramsche, 10% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Lennartz[10] |
| 12 October 1944 | 110399 | Takeoff accident due to pilot error at Achmer, 99% damage | Oberingenieur Karl Leuthner, civilian test pilot killed in flying accident[10] |
| 13 October 1944 | 110401 | Landing gear failure during landing, aircraft crashed and flipped over at Hesepe, 75% damage | Oberfähnrich Heinz Russel[10] |
| 28 October 1944 | 110481 | Engine failure following a bird strike during takeoff and crashed at Achmer, 99% damage | Oberleutnant Paul Bley killed in flying accident[10] |
| 28 October 1944 | 110479 | Landing gear failure during landing, aircraft crashed at Hesepe, 12% damage | Hauptmann Franz Schall[10] |
| 29 October 1944 | 110387 | Mid-air collision with a Supermarine Spitfire, aircraft crashed near Sieringhoek-Bad Bentheim, 100% damage | Leutnant Alfred Schreiber bailed out[10] |
| 1 November 1944 | 110386 | Aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters near Arnhem and Zwolle, 99% damage | Oberfähnrich Willi Banzhaff bailed out[10] |
| 2 November 1944 | 110368 | Engine failure, crashed during attempted emergency landing 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) southeast of Achmer, 99% damage | Unteroffizier Alois Söllner killed in flying accident[10] |
| 2 November 1944 | 170278 | Crash landing at Achmer following combat mission, 30% damage | Oberfeldwebel Siegfried Göbel[10] |
| 4 November 1944 | 110403 | Out fuel following aerial combat with Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters resulting in an emergency landing at Bohmte, 55% damage | Oberfeldwebel Siegfried Göbel[10] |
| 4 November 1944 | 170310 | Emergency landing at Hesepe following aerial combat and engine failure, 95% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Zander[10] |
| 4 November 1944 | 110483 | Shot down in aerial combat near Hittfeld/Dibbersen/Eddelsen, 99% damage | Oberfähnrich Willi Banzhaff killed in action[10] |
| 6 November 1944 | 110389 | Emergency landing at Lemwerder, ground collision following aerial combat and damage sustained by the German anti-aircraft artillery, 50% damage | Leutnant Herbert Spangenberg[10] |
| 6 November 1944 | 170045 | Engine failure during maintenance flight resulting in an emergency landing at Hesepe, 25% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach[10] |
| 6 November 1944 | 110402 | Out fuel following aerial combat resulting in an emergency landing at Ahlhorn, 30% damage[10] | Oberfeldwebel Kreutzberg |
| 6 November 1944 | 110490 | Out fuel following aerial combat resulting in an emergency landing near Bassum, 30% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Lennartz[10] |
| 8 November 1944 | 110400 | Crash near Bramsche after aerial combat, 100% damage | Major Walter Nowotny killed in action[10] |
| 8 November 1944 | 110404 | Engine flameout during aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang fighters, crashed near Quakenbrück, 100% damage | Oberleutnant Franz Schall bailed out[10] |
| 8 November 1944 | 170293 | Blown tire on takeoff at Hesepe, 35% damage | Feldwebel Erich Büttner[10] |
| 8 November 1944 | —
|
Aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang fighters near Dümmer See, 100% damage | Oberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach bailed out[10] |
| 16 November 1944 | —
|
unknown cause and location[10] |
Commanding officers
editGruppenkommandeure
edit| • Major Walter Nowotny | 16 October | – | 8 November 1944[11] |
| • Major Erich Hohagen | November | – | 24 November 1944[11] |
Staffelkapitäne
edit1. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny
edit| • Oberleutnant Paul Bley | 16 October | – | 28 October 1944[11] |
| • Hauptmann Georg-Peter Eder | 28 October | – | 24 November 1944[11] |
2. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny
edit| • Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer | 25 September | – | 4 October 1944[11] |
| • Oberleutnant Franz Schall | 16 October | – | 24 November 1944[11] |
3. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny
edit| • Leutnant Joachim Weber | 16 October | – | 24 November 1944[11] |
Notes
edit- ^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 115.
- ^ Baker 1997, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2019, p. 7.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 57.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 24.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 17.
- ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 9.
- ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 13–14.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2019, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Prien et al. 2019, p. 14.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2019, p. 11.
Bibliography
edit- Baker, David (1997). Messerschmitt Me 262. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-078-9.
- Boehme, Manfred (1992). JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-395-8.
- Forsyth, Robert (2008). Jagdgeschwader 7 'Nowotny. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-320-9.
- Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2012). The Me 262 Stormbird: From the Pilots Who Flew, Fought, and Survived It. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. ISBN 978-0-76034-263-3.
- Morgan, Hugh; Weal, John (1998). German Jet Aces of World War 2. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 17. London; New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-634-7.
- Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.