The Mama lighthouse (Portuguese: Farol da Mama) is located in the Carnaxide Sierra (Portuguese: Serra de Carnaxide) of the municipality of Oeiras, in Lisbon District, Portugal.[1][2] It is built on a round hill, known as the Mama Sul, next to a Geodesic landmark.[3] The Mama Lighthouse is about 4 km inland, northwest of Belém, and combines with the Esteiro and Gibalta lighthouses to indicate the alignment of the southern entrance to the Port of Lisbon.[4]
 | |
 | |
| Location | Oeiras, Lisbon District, Portugal |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 38°43′39.2″N 9°13′38.1″W / 38.727556°N 9.227250°W |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | originally established 1857 |
| Automated | 1995 |
| Height | 21 metres (69 ft) |
| Heritage | heritage without legal protection  |
| Light | |
| Focal height | 82 m (269 ft) |
| Lens | Fifth-order Fresnel |
| Range | 24 nautical miles |
| Characteristic | Occ R 6s |
History
editThe entrance to Lisbon's port has for long been made difficult by a sandy bar in the River Tagus estuary. Until the 19th Century fishermen with a detailed knowledge of the river would provide piloting services to commercial shipping, with assistance from beacons lit on the neighbouring hills, including the Mama Sul. The first known reference to its use for navigation was in 1607, by which time it is believed that a building to serve as a marker had already been constructed. However, it is likely that the hill, without a building, had been used as a point of reference for many years before, possibly since the time of Roman occupation.[5]
The current lighthouse is located about 4 km north-west of Belém. It consists of a metal tripod with a lower gallery, together with a turret with an upper gallery and lantern. An external spiral staircase leads to the lower gallery. The building is 15 m tall and stands at an altitude of 145 metres. It is painted white, the staircase is red and the upper turret carries two red horizontal bands. The lighthouse resembles a rocket on a launching pad and, in fact, is known locally as the “rocket of Carnaxide”.[5]
A directional flashlight Tideland RL 355, at a focal height of 82 metres, was fitted in 1995: prior to that it had no light. The lighthouse was renovated in 2013 to increase the range of the light to 24 nautical miles. It now includes a module that allows GPS synchronization of Mama with Esteiro and Gibalta lights. A web monitoring system has also been installed that allows real-time access to relevant information on the operating state of the light.[6] Recent work has also aimed to raise the lighthouse, whose visibility was being compromised by the construction of tall buildings nearby.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Admiralty Digital List of Lights". Taunton, Somerset, England: United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "ARLHS World List of Lights (WLOL)". Identification Codes. Merchantville, New Jersey: Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society/The Weidner Publishing Group. 2003. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Mama Sul geodesic mark, Carnaxide, Oeiras, Lisbon District, Portugal". Mindat.org. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Faróis de Portugal". Transportes XXI. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ a b "O farol da Mama de Carnaxide, marca da Mama ou Mama Sul". A Gazeta de Miraflores. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Grupo Lindley renova o Farol da Mama". Revista de Marinha. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
External links
editMedia related to Farol da Mama at Wikimedia Commons