Methyldichlorophosphine (alternatively known as dichloro(methyl)phosphane, SW and methylphosphonous dichloride) is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula CH3PCl2. It is a colorless, corrosive, flammable, and highly reactive liquid with a pungent odor.
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Methylphosphonous dichloride | |
| Other names
Methyl phosphonous dichloride, Dichloromethylphosphine, SW[1]
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.010.575 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 2845 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| CH3Cl2P | |
| Molar mass | 116.91 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
editMethyldichlorophosphine is produced by alkylation of phosphorus trichloride with methyl iodide followed by reduction of the resulting phosphonium salt with iron powder:[2][3]
- CH3I + PCl3 + AlCl3 → [CH3PCl3]+AlCl3I−
- [CH3PCl3]+AlCl3I− + Fe → CH3PCl2 + FeICl + AlCl3
The compound is an intermediate for the synthesis of other chemicals for instance dimethylphenylphosphine.
Uses
editMethyldichlorophosphine belongs to the group of halophosphines, some of which are used as intermediates in the production of plant protection agents, stabilizers for plastics, and catalysts. It is a precursor of the herbicide Glufosinate. It is also used in the production of flameproofing compounds.[4]
Due to the recycling problem of phosphoryl chloride, SW was adopted in step three of the DMHP process in the preparation of Sarin.[5] SW was also adopted as a standard precursor to V agents, having been used to prepare QL for unitary and binary VX. SW was the first agent adopted to prepare VX in one pot reaction by aqueous medium.[6]
Safety
editIt is also toxic if inhaled, can cause burns upon contact with the skin and eyes, and releases fumes of hydrochloric acid in moist environments.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Infrared Spectroscopic Observations on the Fate of Organophosphorus Compounds Exposed to Atmospheric Moisture. Part I. G-Agents and Related Compounds" (PDF).
- ^ Robert Engel; JaimeLee Iolani Cohen (2004). Synthesis of Carbon–Phosphorus Bonds. CRC. ISBN 0-8493-1617-0.
- ^ Mirosław S (1977), "A Simple Preparation of Methylphosphonous Dichloride", Synthesis, 1977 (7): 450, doi:10.1055/s-1977-24435
- ^ Svara, Jürgen; Weferling, Norbert; Hofmann, Thomas (2007), "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.), doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_545.pub2, ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4
- ^ Sass, S; Morgan, C. U. Chlorination End-Point Indication by Conductivity and Color Change (Step III, DMHP Process). Formal rept.
- ^ cit-OPDC. The preparatory manual to chemical warfare. Vol 1: V agents: X
- ^ Pubchem. "Dichloro(methyl)phosphane". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 April 2018.