[go: nahoru, domu]

Priyome[1] (Russian: приём, IPA: [prʲɪˈjɵm] ) is a Russian noun that is used directly and generically in English to represent some sort of typical maneuver or technique in chess. For example, a typical defensive technique in rook endings is to use the king to attack the opponent's pawns.[2]

In Russian, приём is a common word with various meanings including "reception", "acceptance" and "gimmick", and is used in contexts as diverse as music, literature, computer science, and martial arts.[3] It is also very common in Russian chess literature to refer to typical maneuvers used in positions with certain pawn structures or other defining characteristics. Because the word does not have an exact equivalent in English—with "device", "technique", or "method" the closest translations—it has appeared untranslated in English-language chess literature, although this usage is not yet widespread.[4][5]

Examples

edit

A Russian movie, Buket Na Priyome,[6] is a crime drama highlighting the technique as a theme and tactic. A famous game by Garry Kasparov in Nicaragua has been used by training academies[7] to illustrate the technique. After e4–e5 in the first diagram below, the d-file is potentially open, and thus a candidate to be controlled by White's rooks:

abcdefgh
8
 
e8 black knight 
e7 black king 
f7 black pawn 
a6 black pawn 
d6 black pawn 
e6 black rook 
h6 black pawn 
a5 white pawn 
b5 black rook 
c5 black pawn 
e5 white pawn 
g5 black pawn 
b4 black pawn 
c4 white knight 
b3 white pawn 
f3 white pawn 
h3 white pawn 
c2 white pawn 
d2 white rook 
f2 white king 
g2 white pawn 
d1 white rook 
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Moving the rook to the d-file is a priyome, or recommended response. In annotations, moves with exclamation points suggest priyomes.
Example of Black vs. White priyomes
Black to move
abcdefgh
8
 
a8 black rook 
c8 black bishop 
d8 black queen 
f8 black rook 
g8 black king 
a7 black pawn 
g7 black pawn 
h7 black pawn 
b6 black pawn 
f6 black knight 
g6 black pawn 
c5 black pawn 
d5 white pawn 
e5 black pawn 
a4 white pawn 
c4 white pawn 
e4 white pawn 
c3 white pawn 
d3 white bishop 
e3 white bishop 
g2 white pawn 
h2 white pawn 
a1 white rook 
d1 white queen 
f1 white rook 
g1 white king 
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
In this game from the 1972 Spassky–Fischer World Championship, Spassky played 16.a4, and Fischer answered with 16...a5!. This is a typical defensive technique (priyome) in similar positions, to fix the weakness of the a4-pawn.
White to move
abcdefgh
8
 
c8 black rook 
e8 black king 
g8 black rook 
b7 black pawn 
c7 black queen 
e7 black bishop 
f7 black pawn 
g7 black pawn 
h7 black pawn 
a6 black pawn 
c6 black bishop 
d6 black pawn 
f6 black knight 
e5 black pawn 
f5 white pawn 
e4 white pawn 
b3 white bishop 
c3 white knight 
e3 white bishop 
g3 white queen 
a2 white pawn 
b2 white pawn 
c2 white pawn 
g2 white pawn 
h2 white pawn 
a1 white rook 
f1 white rook 
g1 white king 
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
In this Zsofia Polgar–Apol game from 1988, Polgar played the priyome with 16.Bg5! – again a typical maneuver in this pawn structure, to exchange the bishop for the f6-knight and gain control of the d5-square.

References

edit
  1. ^ Also transliterated priem, prijóm, etc.
  2. ^ Uchebnik Endshpilya, Dvoretsky, 2006, p. 216 ISBN 5-88149-232-3
  3. ^ "• Запомни весь нескучный англо-русский словарь". Yxo.com. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  4. ^ Studying Chess Made Easy, Soltis, 2010, p. 88 ISBN 978-1-906388-67-6
  5. ^ Critical Moments in Chess, Gaprindashvili, 2010, p. 66 et al. ISBN 978-1-906388-65-2
  6. ^ "Buket na priyome (1977)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  7. ^ "Academia De Ajedrez Julio Ramírez De Arellano :. - Priyome". Academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
edit