役
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Translingual
editHan character
edit役 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹弓水 (HOHNE), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰彳殳)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 365, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10057
- Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 814, character 23
- Unihan data for U+5F79
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
役 |
---|
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 役 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Originally ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person”) + 殳 (“hand holding a tool or weapon”) – “to use (as labor), to enslave”.
Etymology
editFrom 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to do”) with k-extension (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): yt6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): ià / ĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8yoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jik6
- Yale: yihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik9
- Guangdong Romanization: yig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vet5
- Sinological IPA (key): /vet̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: yt6
- Sinological IPA (key): /yt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: id
- Hagfa Pinyim: yid6
- Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
- Hagfa Pinyim: yid6
- Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ià / ĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ia⁴²/, /i²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /iʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
- Tâi-lô: i̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: ek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
- Tâi-lô: ia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: iak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 役 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /i⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /i⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /i⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /i²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /i⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /i²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ji²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /i¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /i⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /i²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /y²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /yo³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /iu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /i³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /yʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ɦyəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦioʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /jy²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /yʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /y²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /y²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /yʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /it̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒït̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚²/ |
Nanning | /jek̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /jik̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ik̚⁵/ /iaʔ⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /i²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hiaʔ⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ia³³/ /zi³⁵/ 俗 |
- Middle Chinese: ywek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷeɡ/
Definitions
edit役
- † to guard the borders
- † soldier
- † matter; event; incident
- war; military campaign
- forced labour
- military service
- labourer
- servant
- to use as a servant
- † to attract
- † student; disciple
- † duty; responsibility
- † low-ranking official
- † to arrange into rows
- † to help; to aid
- † to be; to act as
- † to practise; to act with
Compounds
edit- 一身兩役/一身两役 (yīshēnliǎngyì)
- 丁役
- 伕役
- 侍役
- 停役
- 備役/备役
- 傜役 (yáoyì)
- 僕役/仆役 (púyì)
- 僱役/雇役
- 免役 (miǎnyì)
- 公役
- 兵役 (bīngyì)
- 兵役節/兵役节
- 兵役課/兵役课
- 力役
- 勞役/劳役 (láoyì)
- 募役
- 君子于役
- 國民兵役/国民兵役
- 執役/执役
- 外役監獄/外役监狱
- 夜役軍牢/夜役军牢
- 夫役
- 奴役 (núyì)
- 工役 (gōngyì)
- 差役 (chāiyì)
- 常備兵役/常备兵役
- 庚子之役
- 廝役/厮役
- 役使 (yìshǐ)
- 役使動物/役使动物
- 役別/役别
- 役夫
- 役子
- 役屬/役属
- 役役
- 役損/役损
- 役期
- 役物
- 役男 (yìnán)
- 役畜
- 役種/役种
- 役齡/役龄 (yìlíng)
- 復役/复役
- 徭役 (yáoyì)
- 惠州之役
- 戍役
- 戰役/战役 (zhànyì)
- 拘役 (jūyì)
- 捕役 (bǔyì)
- 斗筲役
- 服兵役
- 服役 (fúyì)
- 無能為役/无能为役
- 營營役役/营营役役 (yíngyíngyìyì)
- 物役
- 現役/现役 (xiànyì)
- 現役軍人/现役军人
- 甲申之役
- 番役
- 當役/当役
- 督役
- 祗役
- 禁役
- 罰役/罚役
- 義役/义役
- 茶役
- 行役
- 衙役 (yáyì)
- 補充兵役/补充兵役
- 課役/课役
- 貪官蠹役/贪官蠹役
- 賦役/赋役 (fùyì)
- 賤役/贱役 (jiànyì)
- 轉役/转役
- 退役 (tuìyì)
- 退除役
- 采石之役
- 長役夢魂/长役梦魂
- 門役/门役 (ményì)
- 除役
- 革役
- 預備役/预备役 (yùbèiyì)
- 頭役/头役
References
edit- “役”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
- Kun: つとめ (tsutome, 役); えだち (edachi, 役)
- Nanori: え (e); えん (en); えんの (enno); おうこ (ōko); おうせ (ōse); おおせ (ōse); まもり (mamori); まもる (mamoru)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
役 |
やく Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editSuffix
edit- playing the role of...
- 涼宮ハルヒ役の平野綾さん
- Suzumiya Haruhi-yaku no Hirano Aya-san
- Aya Hirano, who voices Haruhi Suzumiya
- 涼宮ハルヒ役の平野綾さん
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
役 |
えき Grade: 3 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- war; battle
- (archaic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Affix
editReferences
editKorean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 役 (MC ywek).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᆨ〮 (Yale: yuyek) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (yék) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit役: Hán Việt readings: dịch[1][2][3][4][5][6]
役: Nôm readings: dịch[1][2][3], việc[1][2][3][7], diếc[1]
References
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading えき
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading えだち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading え
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading えん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading えんの
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おうこ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おうせ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おおせ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まもり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まもる
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