[go: nahoru, domu]
Wiktionary

新

新 U+65B0, 新
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B0
← 斯
[U+65AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斱 →
[U+65B1]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
13 strokes 
Traditional 新
Simplified 新
Japanese 新
Korean 新

Alternative forms

edit
  • In mainland China, the bottom left component is written 朩, giving 新.
  • In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the bottom left component is written 𣎳, giving 新.
  • In Japan and Korea, the bottom left component is written 木, giving 新.

Han character

edit

新 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 02921, composition ⿰亲斤)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2026, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+65B0

Chinese

edit
trad. 新
simp. # 新
alternative forms 𣂺
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

edit
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). 亲 is a variant of 辛 (OC *siŋ)

Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Etymology

edit

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).

This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

edit
Note: sêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 新
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin²³/
Rime
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sin/
Li
Rong 		/siĕn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.tsʰi[n]/
English new

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
No. 13811
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		新
Old
Chinese 		/*siŋ/

Definitions

edit

新

  1. new; fresh
    Antonyms: 舊／旧 (jiù), 老 (lǎo)
    新芽  ―  xīnyá  ―  sprout; bud
    新風氣／新风气  ―  xīn fēngqì  ―  new trend; new atmosphere
    新產品／新产品  ―  xīn chǎnpǐn  ―  new product
    新納粹／新纳粹  ―  xīnnàcuì  ―  neo-Nazi
    新鮭魚二月前不上市，對嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    新鲑鱼二月前不上市，对吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Xīn guīyú èryuè qián bù shàngshì, duì ma? [Pinyin]
    Fresh salmon doesn't come in before February, does it?
  2. new; unused
    Antonym: 舊／旧 (jiù)
    新車／新车  ―  xīn chē  ―  new car
    新衫 [Cantonese]  ―  san1 saam1 [Jyutping]  ―  new clothes
  3. recently or just married
    新人  ―  xīnrén  ―  newly married couple
    新娘  ―  xīnniáng  ―  bride
  4. the new
    迎新  ―  yíngxīn  ―  to welcome new arrivals
    推陳出新／推陈出新  ―  tuīchénchūxīn  ―  to get rid of the old and bring forth the new
  5. to make new
    耳目一新  ―  ěrmùyīxīn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. newly; freshly; recently
    新建成的超市  ―  xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì  ―  newly built supermarket
    係新買返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    系新买返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    hai6 san1 maai5 faan1 lai4 ge3. [Jyutping]
    I bought it only a while ago.
  7. (chemistry) meso-
  8. a surname. Xin
  9. (～朝) Xin dynasty
  10. Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
  11. Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).
  12. Short for 新西蘭／新西兰 (Xīnxīlán).
    澳新銀行／澳新银行  ―  Ào Xīn Yínháng  ―  Australia and New Zealand Banking Corporation (ANZ Bank)

See also

edit
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (新):
  • → Japanese: 新(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신(新) (sin)
  • → Vietnamese: tân (新)

Others:

Further reading

edit

Japanese

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Kanji

edit
新

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. new
  2. change, reform

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
新
しん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/sin/ → /ɕin/

From Middle Chinese 新 (MC sin).

Compare modern Mandarin 新 (xīn), Hakka 新 (sîn), Min Nan 新 (sin), and Wu 新 (1shin).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

新(しん) • (shin) 

  1. a novelty
    Antonym: 旧 (kyū)
  2. Short for 新暦 (shinreki): the Gregorian calendar
  3. Short for 新株 (shinkabu) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. Short for 新銀 (shingin) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  5. Short for 新造 (shinzō) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Prefix

edit

新(しん) • (shin-) 

  1. neo-
    新(しん)元(げん)号(ごう)
    shin-gengō
    new era name
    新(しん)世(せ)界(かい)
    Shinsekai
    the New World
    新(しん)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ)
    Shin'yaku Seisho
    the New Testament
  2. attached to the title of a fiction work to mean “new storyline”, to distinguish it from older works
    新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ
    Shin Tekken Chinmi
    New Ironfist Chinmi
  3. attached to the title of a fiction adaptation to mean “remake”, to distinguish it from older adaptations
    Lois & Clark　新(しん)スーパーマン
    Lois & Clark Shin Sūpāman
    Lois & Clark: New Superman
Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Proper noun

edit
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

新(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. (historical) the Xin dynasty (8–23 CE)
  2. a placename
  3. a surname
  4. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
新
にい
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨nipi1⟩ → /nipʲi/ → /nifi/ → /niwi/ → /niː/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nipi.

Prefix

edit

新(にい) • (nii-) 

  1. new, novel
  2. fresh
  3. original
Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Etymology 3

edit
Kanji in this term
新
あら
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Extension of 粗, 荒 (ara, “crude, raw”).

Prefix

edit

新(あら) • (ara-) 

  1. new
  2. unused
  3. natural
Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Proper noun

edit

新(あら) • (Ara) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

edit
Kanji in this term
新
さら
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
更
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “-s- infix form or from prefix さ (sa-)?”

Noun

edit

新(さら) • (sara) 

  1. something new and unused
Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Proper noun

edit

新(さら) • (Sara) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5

edit
Kanji in this term
新
あら(た)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Nominalization of adjective 新た (arata, “new”).

Proper noun

edit

新(あらた) • (Arata) 

  1. a male or female given name
  2. a surname

References

edit
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

新 (eumhun 새 신 (sae sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“new”)

Compounds

edit

Kunigami

edit

Kanji

edit
新

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Miyako

edit

Kanji

edit
新

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Okinawan

edit

Kanji

edit
新

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

新: Hán Nôm readings: tân[1][2][3][4]

  1. (only in compounds) new

Compounds

edit
Derived terms

References

edit
  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).

Yaeyama

edit

Kanji

edit
新

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=新&oldid=80117659"