黃泉

See also: 黄泉

Chinese

		yellow	fountain; spring
trad. (黃泉)		黃	泉
simp. (黄泉)		黄	泉
Literally: “yellow spring”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huángquán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ cyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vòng-chhièn / vòng-chhàn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-choân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huángquán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huángcyuán
    • Wade–Giles: huang²-chʻüan²
    • Yale: hwáng-chywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangchyuan
    • Palladius: хуанцюань (xuancjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 皇權／皇权 黃泉／黄泉

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wong⁴ cyun⁴
    • Yale: wòhng chyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ tsyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ qun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vòng-chhièn / vòng-chhàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: vongˇ qienˇ / vongˇ canˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vong² qian² / vong² can²
    • Sinological IPA: /voŋ¹¹ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/, /voŋ¹¹ t͡sʰan¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vòng-chhièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: vongˇ qienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vong² qian²
    • Sinological IPA: /voŋ¹¹ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-choân
    • Tâi-lô: hông-tsuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongzoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡suan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡suan²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hwang dzjwen

Rime
Character	黃	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡光切	疾緣切
Baxter	hwang	dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/	/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/	/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/	/d͡zwian/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/	/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/	/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng	quán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong4	cyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷˤaŋ  s-N-ɢʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ  sɡʷen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黃	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huáng	quán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwang ›	‹ dzjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kʷˁaŋ/	/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English	yellow	spring, source
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黃	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5380	10728
Phonetic component	黄	泉
Rime group	陽	元
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	黃	全
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*sɡʷen/
Notes	甲金文象繫市（韍）之圍腰綬帶，取唐蘭釋黃爲衡綬但不取其尪本字說。非光聲

Noun

黃泉

1. underground spring

   • 夫蚓，上食槁壤，下飲黃泉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫蚓，上食槁壤，下饮黄泉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Fú yǐn, shàng shí gǎorǎng, xià yǐn huángquán. [Pinyin]

     Now, an earthworm eats the dry mould above, and drinks the yellow spring below.

2. (figuratively) underworld; the land of the dead

   • 不及黃泉，無相見也！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不及黄泉，无相见也！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Bù jí huángquán, wú xiàngjiàn yě! [Pinyin]

     May we not meet again till death!

Synonyms

• (underworld): (figuratively, euphemism, colloquial, jocular) 老家 (lǎojiā), 陰間／阴间 (yīnjiān)

Derived terms

• 上窮碧落下黃泉／上穷碧落下黄泉 (shàng qióng bìluò xià huángquán)
• 命喪黃泉／命丧黄泉
• 碧落黃泉／碧落黄泉
• 黃泉路／黄泉路 (huángquánlù)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (黃泉):

• → Japanese: 黄(こう)泉(せん) (kōsen)
• → Korean: 황천(黃泉) (hwangcheon)
• → Vietnamese: hoàng tuyền (黃泉)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: suối vàng (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
黃	泉
こう Jinmeiyō	せん Grade: 6
kan'on

Kanji in this term
黃	泉
よみ
Jinmeiyō	Grade: 6
jukujikun

Noun

黃(こう)泉(せん) • (kōsen) ^{←くわうせん (kwausen)?}
(alternative reading hiragana よみ, rōmaji yomi)

1. Kyūjitai form of 黄泉 (kōsen, yomi): the land of the dead, afterworld, underworld

Korean

Hanja in this term
黃	泉

Noun

黃泉 • (hwangcheon) (hangeul 황천)

1. hanja form^? of 황천 (“underworld”)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *yəməy.

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.

Noun

黃泉 (*yo₂mi₂) (kana よみ)

1. (Shinto mythology) the land of the dead, afterworld, underworld

Coordinate terms

• 葦原の中つ國 (asipara no₂ nakatukuni)
• 高天原 (takama no₂ para)

Derived terms

• 黃泉つ (yo₂mo₂ tu)
• 蘇る (yo₂mi₂gape₁ru)
• 黃泉路 (yo₂mi₂di)

Descendants

• Japanese: 黄泉 (yomi)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
黃	泉

Noun

黃泉

1. chữ Hán form of hoàng tuyền (“underworld”).