Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/besmō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*besmā^[1]

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Germanic *besmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰés-mō ~ *bʰs-m̥nés, from *bʰes- (“to rub, grind”) +‎ *-mō, whence Ancient Greek ψάω (psáō, “to rub”), Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew”),^[1] or perhaps from earlier *bitsmô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéys-mō ~ *bʰis-m̥nés, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to split”) +‎ *-mō^[2].

Noun

*besmō m^[2]^[3]

branch, rod
broom

Inflection

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*besmō
Genitive	bismini, besman
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*besmō	*besman
Accusative	*besman	*besman
Genitive	bismini, besman	*besmanō
Dative	bismini, besman	*besmum
Instrumental	bismini, besman	*besmum

Descendants

Old English: besma, besema
- Middle English: besme, beseme, besome, bisme, besm, besom, besowme, besum, besume, besumme, bysme (Late Middle English)
  - English: besom
  - Scots: besom, bisom
Old Frisian: besma
- Saterland Frisian: Bäisem
- West Frisian: biezem, biezzem
Old Saxon: besmo
- Middle Low German: bessem, besseme, besme, bessen, bēsem, bēseme
  - German Low German: Besem, Bessem, Bessen
  - Dutch Low Saxon: bessem (Achterhoeks, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Twents), bessen (Drents)
  - Plautdietsch: Bassem
Old Dutch: *besemo
- Middle Dutch: besem, bessem, besme
  - Dutch: bezem, bessem (dialectal)
    - Afrikaans: besem
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: besn, besum
Old High German: besamo, besemo, besmo, pesamo
- Middle High German: bëseme, bësme
  - German: Besen
  - Luxembourgish: Biesem
  - Yiddish: בעזעם (bezem)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Besen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 78: “wg. *besmōn-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Besen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
^ Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “besma”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 41-42: “PGMC: *besm-an- (PWGmc.)”

[EWddS-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Besen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 78: “wg. *besmōn-”

[EWbD-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Besen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[3] Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “besma”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 41-42: “PGMC: *besm-an- (PWGmc.)”

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