Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) +‎ *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.

Noun

*turma

1. radish, carrot

Declension

Declension of *turma

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*turma
Accusative	*turmag, *turmanï1)
Genitive	*turmanuŋ
Dative	*turmaka
Locative	*turmada
Ablative	*turmadan
Allative	*turmagaru
Instrumental 2)	*turman
Equative 2)	*turmača
Similative 2)	*turmalayu
Comitative 2)	*turmalugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Related terms

• *turp

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Salar: turma (“turnip”)

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: *turp, *turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2019-01-19) “turp”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “turma”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 549
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*turup / *turum”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill