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Wiktionary

bruka

See also: brúka

Albanian

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Noun

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bruka

  1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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brùka

  1. third-person singular present of brukti
  2. third-person plural present of brukti

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruka

  1. genitive singular of bruk
  2. accusative singular of bruk
  3. nominative dual of bruk

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Etymology 2

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From Middle Low German bruken.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bruka (present tense brukar/bruker, past tense bruka/brukte, past participle bruka/brukt, passive infinitive brukast, present participle brukande, imperative bruka/bruk)

  1. to use
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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References

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Old Frisian

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

Verb

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brūka

  1. to use

Inflection

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Conjugation of brūka (strong class 2)
infinitive brūka
indicative present past
1st person singular brūke brāk
2nd person singular brūkest, brūkst brākest, brākst
3rd person singular brūketh, brūkth brāk
plural brūkath breken
subjunctive present past
singular brūke breke
plural brūke, brūken breke, breken
imperative present
singular brūk
plural brūketh
participle present past
brūkande ebreken, breken

Descendants

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  • North Frisian: bruwcken
  • Saterland Frisian: bruke
  • West Frisian: brûke

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbru.ka/
  • Rhymes: -uka
  • Syllabification: bru‧ka

Verb

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bruka

  1. third-person singular present of brukać

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /brûka/
  • Hyphenation: bru‧ka

Noun

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brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)

  1. (informal, slang) shame, disgrace
  2. (informal, slang) person in disgrace

Declension

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Declension of bruka
singular plural
nominative brȕka bruke
genitive bruke brȗkā
dative bruci brukama
accusative bruku bruke
vocative bruko bruke
locative bruci brukama
instrumental brukom brukama
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Swedish

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Etymology

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From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)

  2. (auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of
    Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna
    He used to sail around the lake in the summer
    Han brukar äta majs
    He often / regularly eats corn
    Hon brukar beställa en hamburgare när hon besöker restaurangen
    She usually orders a hamburger when she visits the restaurant [like "She used to order a hamburger when she visited the restaurant," but in the present tense]
  4. to use (for some purpose)
    verktyg som brukas för att forma trä
    tools used [that are used] to shape wood
    ett verktyg som kan brukas som vapen
    a tool that can be used as a weapon
    Metoden brukas som en sista utväg
    The method is used/employed as a last resort
    bruka våld
    use violence (idiomatic)
    Bruka ditt förnuft!
    Use your good sense!
    1. to cultivate, till, farm
      bruka jorden
      work the land
      röja sten så att åkrarna kan brukas
      clear rocks so that the fields can be farmed
      bruka skog
      manage forests (for forestry purposes)
    2. to use, to consume (drugs or alcohol)
      bruka alkohol under arbetstid
      consume alcohol during working hours

Usage notes

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  • Like English used to in (sense 1), but as natural-sounding in the present tense as in the past tense.
  • "Bruka" in (sense 2) has connotations similar to "make use of for some purpose." Outside idiomatic cases like cultivation, it can otherwise be used interchangeably with "använda," which is the more general and common word for "use."

Conjugation

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Conjugation of bruka (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive bruka brukas
Supine brukat brukats
Imperative bruka —
Imper. plural1 bruken —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative brukar brukade brukas brukades
Ind. plural1 bruka brukade brukas brukades
Subjunctive2 bruke brukade brukes brukades
Participles
Present participle brukande
Past participle brukad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.
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Descendants

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See also

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References

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Anagrams

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