radical
English
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle English radical, from Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editradical (comparative more radical, superlative most radical)
- Favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.
- His beliefs are radical.
- We must be resolute in our fight against radical leftism!
- (botany, not comparable) Pertaining to a root (of a plant).
- Pertaining to the basic or intrinsic nature of something.
- Synonym: fundamental
- Antonyms: ignorable, trivial
- 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:
- The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their radical independence.
- Thoroughgoing; far-reaching.
- The spread of the cancer required radical surgery, and the entire organ was removed.
- 2012 January, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 January 2012, page 70:
- Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
- (lexicography, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the root of a word.
- (phonology, phonetics, not comparable, of a sound) Produced using the root of the tongue.
- (chemistry, not comparable) Involving free radicals.
- (mathematics) Relating to a radix or mathematical root.
- a radical quantity; a radical sign
- (slang, 1980s & 1990s) Excellent; awesome.
- That was a radical jump!
Synonyms
edit- (linguistics, in reference to words): primitive
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “linguistics, in reference to words”): derivative, derived
Derived terms
edit- radical anion
- radical axis
- radical cation
- radical center
- radical centrism
- radical centrist
- radical chic
- radical empiricism
- radical empiricist
- radical feminism
- radical feminist
- radical hysterectomy
- radical ion
- radical Islam
- radicality
- radicalize
- radical left
- radical line
- radically
- radical mastectomy
- radicalness
- radical plane
- radical pluralism
- radical prostatectomy
- radical reform
- radical right
- radical vinegar
Related terms
editTranslations
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Noun
editradical (plural radicals)
- (historical, 19th-century Britain, politics) A member of the most progressive wing of the Liberal Party; someone favouring social reform (but generally stopping short of socialism).
- (historical, early 20th-century France) A member of an influential, centrist political party favouring moderate social reform, a republican constitution, and secular politics.
- A person with radical opinions.
- (arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
- (linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.
- 2022, R. F. Kuang, Babel, HarperVoyager, page 9:
- The boy recognised the Chinese characters, though the calligraphy looked a bit strange, as if drawn by someone who had seen them and copied them out radical by radical without knowing what they meant.
- (linguistics) In Celtic languages, refers to the basic, underlying form of an initial consonant which can be further mutated under the Celtic initial consonant mutations.
- (linguistics) In Semitic languages, any one of the set of consonants (typically three) that make up a root.
- (chemistry) A group of atoms, joined by covalent bonds, that take part in reactions as a single unit.
- (organic chemistry) A free radical.
- (algebra, commutative algebra, ring theory, of an ideal) Given an ideal I in a commutative ring R, another ideal, denoted Rad(I) or , such that an element x ∈ R is in Rad(I) if, for some positive integer n, xn ∈ I; equivalently, the intersection of all prime ideals containing I.
- (algebra, ring theory, of a ring) Given a ring R, an ideal containing elements of R that share a property considered, in some sense, "not good".
- (algebra, ring theory, of a module) The intersection of maximal submodules of a given module.
- (number theory) The product of the distinct prime factors of a given positive integer.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
References
edit- “radical”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “radical”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- "radical" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 251.
Further reading
editRadical on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Radical of an ideal on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Radical of a ring on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Radical of a module on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Radical of an integer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of an ideal on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
- Ideal Radical on Wolfram MathWorld
Anagrams
editCatalan
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [rə.ðiˈkal]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [ra.ðiˈkal]
- Rhymes: -al
- Hyphenation: ra‧di‧cal
Adjective
editradical m or f (masculine and feminine plural radicals)
Derived terms
editNoun
editradical m or f by sense (plural radicals)
Further reading
edit- “radical” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “radical”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “radical” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “radical” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editradical (feminine radicale, masculine plural radicaux, feminine plural radicales)
- radical
- L’idéologie islamiste radicale de Boko Haram a provoqué le déplacement de plus de deux millions de personnes dans le nord du Nigeria.
- The radical Islamist ideology of Boko Haram caused more than two million persons to be displaced in northern Nigeria.
Noun
editradical m (plural radicaux)
Further reading
edit- “radical”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
editPronunciation
editNoun
editradical m (plural radicais)
- radical (in various senses)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “radical”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
Portuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Noun
editradical m (plural radicais)
- (linguistic morphology) stem (main part of a word)
Noun
editradical m or f by sense (plural radicais)
- radical (person holding unorthodox views)
- Synonym: extremista
Adjective
editradical m or f (plural radicais)
- radical (favouring fundamental change)
- drastic; extreme
- (Portugal/Brazil, slang) excellent; awesome; thrilling
- (sports) extreme (dangerous)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “radical”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Romanian
editAlternative forms
edit- радикал (radical) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
Etymology
editBorrowed from French radical or German Radikal.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editradical m or n (feminine singular radicală, masculine plural radicali, feminine and neuter plural radicale)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | radical | radicală | radicali | radicale | ||
definite | radicalul | radicala | radicalii | radicalele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | radical | radicale | radicali | radicale | ||
definite | radicalului | radicalei | radicalilor | radicalelor |
Related terms
editSpanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin rādīcālis.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editradical m or f (masculine and feminine plural radicales)
Derived terms
editNoun
editradical m (plural radicales)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “radical”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Botany
- English terms with quotations
- en:Lexicography
- en:Phonology
- en:Phonetics
- en:Chemistry
- en:Mathematics
- English slang
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with historical senses
- en:Politics
- en:Arithmetic
- en:Linguistics
- en:Celtic
- en:Semitic linguistics
- en:Organic chemistry
- en:Algebra
- en:Number theory
- en:People
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/al
- Rhymes:Catalan/al/3 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns
- Catalan nouns with multiple genders
- Catalan masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- French terms borrowed from Late Latin
- French learned borrowings from Late Latin
- French terms derived from Late Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/al
- French terms with homophones
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- French terms with usage examples
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Linguistics
- fr:Grammar
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/al
- Rhymes:Galician/al/3 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- gl:Chemistry
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/3 syllables
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Linguistic morphology
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese nouns with multiple genders
- Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese slang
- pt:Sports
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/al
- Rhymes:Romanian/al/3 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/al
- Rhymes:Spanish/al/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns