Dinasti Konbaung
Konbaung ကုန်းဘောင် konebhaung | |||||||||||||||||||
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1752–1885 | |||||||||||||||||||
Ibu kota | Shwebo (1752–1760) Sagaing (1760–1765) Ava (1765–1783, 1821–1842) Amarapura (1783–1821, 1842–1859) Mandalay (1859–1885) | ||||||||||||||||||
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Burma | ||||||||||||||||||
Agama | Buddhisme Theravada Hinduisme | ||||||||||||||||||
Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1752–1760 | Alaungpaya (pertama) | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1878–1885 | Thibaw (terakhir) | ||||||||||||||||||
Legislatif | Hluttaw | ||||||||||||||||||
Era Sejarah | Periode modern awal | ||||||||||||||||||
• Pendirian | 29 Februari 1752 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Reunifikasi Burma | 1752–1757 | ||||||||||||||||||
1760–1854 | |||||||||||||||||||
1765–1769 | |||||||||||||||||||
1824–1826, 1852, 1885 | |||||||||||||||||||
• Akhir dinasti | 29 November 1885 | ||||||||||||||||||
Luas | |||||||||||||||||||
1824[1] | 647.497 km2 (250.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
1826 | 584.000 km2 (225.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
1852 | 470.000 km2 (180.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
1875 | 460.000 km2 (180.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
Populasi | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1824[1] | 3.000.000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mata uang | Kyat (sejak 1852) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Sejarah Myanmar |
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Dinasti Konbaung (bahasa Burma: ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်, pengucapan bahasa Burma: [kóʊɰ̃bàʊɰ̃ kʰɪʔ]), juga dikenal sebagai Kekaisaran Burma Ketiga atau sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Dinasti Alompra atau Dinasti Alaungpaya, adalah dinasti terakhir yang memerintah Burma/Myanmar dari 1752 hingga 1885. Dinasti ini tumbuh menjadi kekaisaran terbesar dalam sejarah Myanmar dan melanjutkan kebijakan reformasi administrasi yang dimulai sejak masa dinasti Toungoo, yang menjadi fondasi negara Myanmar modern. Namun, reformasi tidak cukup untuk membendung kuatnya Imperium Britania, yang mengalahkan Burma dalam Perang Inggris-Burma yang berlangsung selama enam dasawarsa (1824-1885), sekaligus mengakhiri riwayat seribu tahun monarki Burma.
Sebagai dinasti ekspansionis, raja-raja Konbaung kerap melancarkan serangan atas Manipur, Arakan, Assam, Pegu, Ayutthaya, hingga Tiongkok.
Dalam sejarahnya, ibu kota Konbaung pindah beberapa kali karena alasan religius, politik dan strategis.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Harvey 1925, hlm. 333.
Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Burma Press Summary". Working People's Daily. 3 March 1988. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2013.
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- Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma
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- Maung Maung Tin, U (1905). Konbaung Hset Maha Yazawin (ကုန်းဘောင်ဆက်မဟာရဇဝင်) (dalam bahasa Burma). 1–3 (edisi ke-2004). Yangon: Department of Universities History Research, University of Yangon.
- Myanmar–English Dictionary. Myanmar Language Commission. 1993. ISBN 1-881265-47-1.
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- Peletz, Michael G. (2007). Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times. Routledge. ISBN 9780203880043.
- Phayre, Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (edisi ke-1967). London: Susil Gupta.
- Pollak, Oliver B. (1976). "Dynasticism and Revolt: Crisis of Kingship in Burma, 1837–1851". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 7 (2): 187–196. doi:10.1017/s0022463400015009.
- Surakiat, Pamaree (March 2006). "The Changing Nature of Conflict between Burma and Siam as seen from the Growth and Development of Burmese States from the 16th to the 19th centuries" (PDF). Asia Research Institute: 8, 11, 25. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2 July 2015.
- Philips, Cyril Henry (1951). Handbook of Oriental History. 6. University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. hlm. 117, 121.
- Scott, James George (1882). The Burman, His Life and Notions. London: Macmillan.
- Scott, J. George (1900). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states (PDF). 2. Superintendent, Government Printing.
- Taw, Sein Ko (1913). Burmese Sketches. British Burma Press.
- Seekins, Donald M. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864863.
- Symes, Michael (1800). An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava, sent by the Governor-General of India, in the year 1795 (PDF). London: SOAS Spring 2006.
- Wyatt, David K. (2003). History of Thailand (edisi ke-2). Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08475-7.
- "Myanmar historical research journal". Myanmar Historical Research Journal (dalam bahasa Burma). တက္ကသိုလ်များသမိုင်းသုတေသနဌာန (19). 2007.
- Yegar, Moshe (1972). The Muslims of Burma. Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447013574.
- Yi, Yi (1982). "Life at the Burmese Court under the Konbaung Kings" (PDF). Silver Jubilee Publication (ငွေရတုသဘင် အထိမ်းအမှတ် စာစောင်). Rangoon: Historical Research Department: 100–147. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2013.