February 2014

An altered image of data taken from a murine infection study, in which three isogenic S. aureus strains harboring different antibiotic resistance markers were used to study the effect of clonal expansion of pathogenic bacteria in the host and the response to sub-curative levels of antibiotics. Results agreed strongly with similar experiments in the zebrafish embryo model, represented here by a "fish-scale" effect. See McVicker et al.

Image Credit: Gareth McVicker

Opinion

Viral Enhancer Mimicry of Host Innate-Immune Promoters

Kai A. Kropp, Ana Angulo, Peter Ghazal

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003804

Pearls

Malassezia Yeasts: How Many Species Infect Humans and Animals?

F. Javier Cabañes

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003892

Clustering of Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal Detection

Makoto Inoue, Mari L. Shinohara

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003873

Igniting the Fire: Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis

Michael E. Powers, Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003871

Distinct Antiviral Responses in Pluripotent versus Differentiated Cells

Justin M. Pare, Christopher S. Sullivan

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003865

Review

Tailored Immune Responses: Novel Effector Helper T Cell Subsets in Protective Immunity

Ervin E. Kara, Iain Comerford, Kevin A. Fenix, Cameron R. Bastow, Carly E. Gregor, Duncan R. McKenzie, Shaun R. McColl

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003905

Research Articles

The microRNAs in an Ancient Protist Repress the Variant-Specific Surface Protein Expression by Targeting the Entire Coding Sequence

Ashesh A. Saraiya, Wei Li, Jesse Wu, Chuan H. Chang, Ching C. Wang

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003791

Gem-Induced Cytoskeleton Remodeling Increases Cellular Migration of HTLV-1-Infected Cells, Formation of Infected-to-Target T-Cell Conjugates and Viral Transmission

Sébastien A. Chevalier, Jocelyn Turpin, Anne Cachat, Philippe V. Afonso, Antoine Gessain, John N. Brady, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison, Renaud Mahieux

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003917

The Secreted Triose Phosphate Isomerase of Brugia malayi Is Required to Sustain Microfilaria Production In Vivo

James P. Hewitson, Dominik Rückerl, Yvonne Harcus, Janice Murray, Lauren M. Webb, Simon A. Babayan, Judith E. Allen, Agnes Kurniawan, Rick M. Maizels

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003930

Metabolic Reprogramming during Purine Stress in the Protozoan Pathogen Leishmania donovani

Jessica L. Martin, Phillip A. Yates, Radika Soysa, Joshua F. Alfaro, Feng Yang, Kristin E. Burnum-Johnson, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Karl K. Weitz, David G. Camp II, Richard D. Smith, Phillip A. Wilmarth, Larry L. David, Gowthaman Ramasamy, Peter J. Myler, Nicola S. Carter

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003938

The Post-transcriptional Regulator rsmA/csrA Activates T3SS by Stabilizing the 5′ UTR of hrpG, the Master Regulator of hrp/hrc Genes, in Xanthomonas

Maxuel O. Andrade, Chuck S. Farah, Nian Wang

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003945

Clonal Expansion during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Dynamics Reveals the Effect of Antibiotic Intervention

Gareth McVicker, Tomasz K. Prajsnar, Alexander Williams, Nelly L. Wagner, Michael Boots, Stephen A. Renshaw, Simon J. Foster

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003959

MicroRNA Editing Facilitates Immune Elimination of HCMV Infected Cells

Daphna Nachmani, Albert Zimmermann, Esther Oiknine Djian, Yiska Weisblum, Yoav Livneh, Vu Thuy Khanh Le, Eithan Galun, Vaclav Horejsi, Ofer Isakov, Noam Shomron, Dana G. Wolf, Hartmut Hengel, Ofer Mandelboim

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003963

Engagement of NKG2D on Bystander Memory CD8 T Cells Promotes Increased Immunopathology following Leishmania major Infection

Erika J. Crosby, Michael H. Goldschmidt, E. John Wherry, Phillip Scott

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003970

Code-Assisted Discovery of TAL Effector Targets in Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice Reveals Contrast with Bacterial Blight and a Novel Susceptibility Gene

Raul A. Cernadas, Erin L. Doyle, David O. Niño-Liu, Katherine E. Wilkins, Timothy Bancroft, Li Wang, Clarice L. Schmidt, Rico Caldo, Bing Yang, Frank F. White, Dan Nettleton, Roger P. Wise, Adam J. Bogdanove

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003972

Structure of the Membrane Anchor of Pestivirus Glycoprotein E^rns, a Long Tilted Amphipathic Helix

Daniel Aberle, Claudia Muhle-Goll, Jochen Bürck, Moritz Wolf, Sabine Reißer, Burkhard Luy, Wolfgang Wenzel, Anne S. Ulrich, Gregor Meyers

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003973

The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNA MiR-BART9 Promotes Tumor Metastasis by Targeting E-Cadherin in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chung-Yuan Hsu, Yung-Hsiang Yi, Kai-Ping Chang, Yu-Sun Chang, Shu-Jen Chen, Hua-Chien Chen

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003974

Implication of PMLIV in Both Intrinsic and Innate Immunity

Faten El Asmi, Mohamed Ali Maroui, Jacques Dutrieux, Danielle Blondel, Sébastien Nisole, Mounira K. Chelbi-Alix

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003975

Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies an Essential Role for Inositol Pyrophosphates in Type-I Interferon Response

Niyas Kudukkil Pulloor, Sajith Nair, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Pradeep Bist, Jeremy D. Weaver, Andrew M. Riley, Richa Tyagi, Pradeep D. Uchil, John D. York, Solomon H. Snyder, Adolfo García-Sastre, Barry V. L. Potter, Rongtuan Lin, Stephen B. Shears, Ramnik J. Xavier, Manoj N. Krishnan

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003981

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies Are Effective against HIV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission

Luis M. Agosto, Peng Zhong, James Munro, Walther Mothes

PLOS Pathogens: published February 27, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003982

A Compositional Look at the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Immune Activation Parameters in HIV Infected Subjects

Ece A. Mutlu, Ali Keshavarzian, John Losurdo, Garth Swanson, Basile Siewe, Christopher Forsyth, Audrey French, Patricia DeMarais, Yan Sun, Lars Koenig, Stephen Cox, Phillip Engen, Prachi Chakradeo, Rawan Abbasi, Annika Gorenz, Charles Burns, Alan Landay

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003829

Interleukin-33 Increases Antibacterial Defense by Activation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Skin

Changwei Li, Hongquan Li, Ziwei Jiang, Tian Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhiheng Li, Yelin Wu, Shizhao Ji, Shichu Xiao, Bernhard Ryffel, Katherine A. Radek, Zhaofan Xia, Yuping Lai

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003918

Protective Vaccination against Papillomavirus-Induced Skin Tumors under Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressive Conditions: A Preclinical Study Using a Natural Outbred Animal Model

Sabrina E. Vinzón, Ilona Braspenning-Wesch, Martin Müller, Edward K. Geissler, Ingo Nindl, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Kai Schäfer, Frank Rösl

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003924

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Asparagine to Assimilate Nitrogen and Resist Acid Stress during Infection

Alexandre Gouzy, Gérald Larrouy-Maumus, Daria Bottai, Florence Levillain, Alexia Dumas, Joshua B. Wallach, Irène Caire-Brandli, Chantal de Chastellier, Ting-Di Wu, Renaud Poincloux, Roland Brosch, Jean-Luc Guerquin-Kern, Dirk Schnappinger, Luiz Pedro Sório de Carvalho, Yannick Poquet, Olivier Neyrolles

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003928

Unifying Viral Genetics and Human Transportation Data to Predict the Global Transmission Dynamics of Human Influenza H3N2

Philippe Lemey, Andrew Rambaut, Trevor Bedford, Nuno Faria, Filip Bielejec, Guy Baele, Colin A. Russell, Derek J. Smith, Oliver G. Pybus, Dirk Brockmann, Marc A. Suchard

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003932

Inflammatory Monocytes Orchestrate Innate Antifungal Immunity in the Lung

Vanessa Espinosa, Anupam Jhingran, Orchi Dutta, Shinji Kasahara, Robert Donnelly, Peicheng Du, Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Ingrid Leiner, Chiann-Chyi Chen, Yacov Ron, Tobias M. Hohl, Amariliz Rivera

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003940

‘Death and Axes’: Unexpected Ca²⁺ Entry Phenologs Predict New Anti-schistosomal Agents

John D. Chan, Prince N. Agbedanu, Mostafa Zamanian, Sarah M. Gruba, Christy L. Haynes, Timothy A. Day, Jonathan S. Marchant

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003942

Inactivation of the Host Lipin Gene Accelerates RNA Virus Replication through Viral Exploitation of the Expanded Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

Chingkai Chuang, Daniel Barajas, Jun Qin, Peter D. Nagy

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003944

Identification of Host-Targeted Small Molecules That Restrict Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth

Sarah A. Stanley, Amy K. Barczak, Melanie R. Silvis, Samantha S. Luo, Kimberly Sogi, Martha Vokes, Mark-Anthony Bray, Anne E. Carpenter, Christopher B. Moore, Noman Siddiqi, Eric J. Rubin, Deborah T. Hung

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003946

Induction of Type I Interferon Signaling Determines the Relative Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Dane Parker, Paul J. Planet, Grace Soong, Apurva Narechania, Alice Prince

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003951

AvrBsT Acetylates Arabidopsis ACIP1, a Protein that Associates with Microtubules and Is Required for Immunity

Mi Sun Cheong, Angela Kirik, Jung-Gun Kim, Kenneth Frame, Viktor Kirik, Mary Beth Mudgett

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003952

The Chlamydia trachomatis Type III Secretion Chaperone Slc1 Engages Multiple Early Effectors, Including TepP, a Tyrosine-phosphorylated Protein Required for the Recruitment of CrkI-II to Nascent Inclusions and Innate Immune Signaling

Yi-Shan Chen, Robert J. Bastidas, Hector A. Saka, Victoria K. Carpenter, Kristian L. Richards, Gregory V. Plano, Raphael H. Valdivia

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003954

Epstein-Barr Virus Large Tegument Protein BPLF1 Contributes to Innate Immune Evasion through Interference with Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

Michiel van Gent, Steven G. E. Braem, Annemieke de Jong, Nezira Delagic, Janneke G. C. Peeters, Ingrid G. J. Boer, Paul N. Moynagh, Elisabeth Kremmer, Emmanuel J. Wiertz, Huib Ovaa, Bryan D. Griffin, Maaike E. Ressing

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003960

Reversible Silencing of Cytomegalovirus Genomes by Type I Interferon Governs Virus Latency

Franziska Dağ, Lars Dölken, Julia Holzki, Anja Drabig, Adrien Weingärtner, Johannes Schwerk, Stefan Lienenklaus, Ianina Conte, Robert Geffers, Colin Davenport, Ulfert Rand, Mario Köster, Siegfried Weiß, Barbara Adler, Dagmar Wirth, Martin Messerle, Hansjörg Hauser, Luka Čičin-Šain

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003962

Domain Shuffling in a Sensor Protein Contributed to the Evolution of Insect Pathogenicity in Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas protegens

Peter Kupferschmied, Maria Péchy-Tarr, Nicola Imperiali, Monika Maurhofer, Christoph Keel

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003964

Insights into the Initiation of JC Virus DNA Replication Derived from the Crystal Structure of the T-Antigen Origin Binding Domain

Gretchen Meinke, Paul J. Phelan, Radha Kalekar, Jong Shin, Jacques Archambault, Andrew Bohm, Peter A. Bullock

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003966

A Cyclophilin Homology Domain-Independent Role for Nup358 in HIV-1 Infection

Anne M. Meehan, Dyana T. Saenz, Rebekah Guevera, James H. Morrison, Mary Peretz, Hind J. Fadel, Masakazu Hamada, Jan van Deursen, Eric M. Poeschla

PLOS Pathogens: published February 20, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003969

Competitive and Cooperative Interactions Mediate RNA Transfer from Herpesvirus Saimiri ORF57 to the Mammalian Export Adaptor ALYREF

Richard B. Tunnicliffe, Guillaume M. Hautbergue, Stuart A. Wilson, Priti Kalra, Alexander P. Golovanov

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003907

Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Broadly-Acting Host Factors That Inhibit Arbovirus Infection

Ari Yasunaga, Sheri L. Hanna, Jianqing Li, Hyelim Cho, Patrick P. Rose, Anna Spiridigliozzi, Beth Gold, Michael S. Diamond, Sara Cherry

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003914

The Consequences of Reconfiguring the Ambisense S Genome Segment of Rift Valley Fever Virus on Viral Replication in Mammalian and Mosquito Cells and for Genome Packaging

Benjamin Brennan, Stephen R. Welch, Richard M. Elliott

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003922

Transmission-Blocking Antibodies against Mosquito C-Type Lectins for Dengue Prevention

Yang Liu, Fuchun Zhang, Jianying Liu, Xiaoping Xiao, Siyin Zhang, Chengfeng Qin, Ye Xiang, Penghua Wang, Gong Cheng

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003931

Quantitative and Qualitative Deficits in Neonatal Lung-Migratory Dendritic Cells Impact the Generation of the CD8+ T Cell Response

Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Allison M. W. Malloy, Kaitlyn M. Morabito, Barney S. Graham

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003934

Iron Acquisition in Bacillus cereus: The Roles of IlsA and Bacillibactin in Exogenous Ferritin Iron Mobilization

Diego Segond, Elise Abi Khalil, Christophe Buisson, Nadine Daou, Mireille Kallassy, Didier Lereclus, Paolo Arosio, Fadi Bou-Abdallah, Christina Nielsen Le Roux

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003935

CIB1 Synergizes with EphrinA2 to Regulate Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Macropinocytic Entry in Human Microvascular Dermal Endothelial Cells

Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Mohanan Valiya-Veettil, Dipanjan Dutta, Sayan Chakraborty, Bala Chandran

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003941

Male-Killing Spiroplasma Induces Sex-Specific Cell Death via Host Apoptotic Pathway

Toshiyuki Harumoto, Hisashi Anbutsu, Takema Fukatsu

PLOS Pathogens: published February 13, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003956

Lectin-Like Bacteriocins from Pseudomonas spp. Utilise D-Rhamnose Containing Lipopolysaccharide as a Cellular Receptor

Laura C. McCaughey, Rhys Grinter, Inokentijs Josts, Aleksander W. Roszak, Kai I. Waløen, Richard J. Cogdell, Joel Milner, Tom Evans, Sharon Kelly, Nicholas P. Tucker, Olwyn Byron, Brian Smith, Daniel Walker

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003898

The Master Regulator of the Cellular Stress Response (HSF1) Is Critical for Orthopoxvirus Infection

Claire Marie Filone, Ignacio S. Caballero, Ken Dower, Marc L. Mendillo, Glenn S. Cowley, Sandro Santagata, Daniel K. Rozelle, Judy Yen, Kathleen H. Rubins, Nir Hacohen, David E. Root, Lisa E. Hensley, John Connor

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003904

Inducible Deletion of CD28 Prior to Secondary Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Impairs Worm Expulsion and Recall of Protective Memory CD4⁺ T Cell Responses

Hlumani Ndlovu, Mathew Darby, Monika Froelich, William Horsnell, Fred Lühder, Thomas Hünig, Frank Brombacher

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003906

The Major Cellular Sterol Regulatory Pathway Is Required for Andes Virus Infection

Josiah Petersen, Mary Jane Drake, Emily A. Bruce, Amber M. Riblett, Chukwuka A. Didigu, Craig B. Wilen, Nirav Malani, Frances Male, Fang-Hua Lee, Frederic D. Bushman, Sara Cherry, Robert W. Doms, Paul Bates, Kenneth Briley Jr.

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003911

Viral MicroRNA Effects on Pathogenesis of Polyomavirus SV40 Infections in Syrian Golden Hamsters

Shaojie Zhang, Vojtech Sroller, Preeti Zanwar, Chun Jung Chen, Steven J. Halvorson, Nadim J. Ajami, Corey W. Hecksel, Jody L. Swain, Connie Wong, Christopher S. Sullivan, Janet S. Butel

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003912

Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells Delay Expulsion of Intestinal Nematodes by Suppression of IL-9-Driven Mast Cell Activation in BALB/c but Not in C57BL/6 Mice

Birte Blankenhaus, Martina Reitz, Yannick Brenz, Marie-Luise Eschbach, Wiebke Hartmann, Irma Haben, Tim Sparwasser, Jochen Huehn, Anja Kühl, Thorsten B. Feyerabend, Hans-Reimer Rodewald, Minka Breloer

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003913

A Gammaherpesvirus Bcl-2 Ortholog Blocks B Cell Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis and Promotes the Survival of Developing B Cells In Vivo

Carrie B. Coleman, Jennifer E. McGraw, Emily R. Feldman, Alexa N. Roth, Lisa R. Keyes, Katrina R. Grau, Stephanie L. Cochran, Thomas J. Waldschmidt, Chengyu Liang, J. Craig Forrest, Scott A. Tibbetts

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003916

Suppression of RNA Silencing by a Plant DNA Virus Satellite Requires a Host Calmodulin-Like Protein to Repress RDR6 Expression

Fangfang Li, Changjun Huang, Zhenghe Li, Xueping Zhou

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003921

Lundep, a Sand Fly Salivary Endonuclease Increases Leishmania Parasite Survival in Neutrophils and Inhibits XIIa Contact Activation in Human Plasma

Andrezza C. Chagas, Fabiano Oliveira, Alain Debrabant, Jesus G. Valenzuela, José M. C. Ribeiro, Eric Calvo

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003923

Substrate-Induced Unfolding of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Displaces the Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit from Its Holotoxin

Michael Taylor, Helen Burress, Tuhina Banerjee, Supriyo Ray, David Curtis, Suren A. Tatulian, Ken Teter

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003925

Shigella Type III Secretion Protein MxiI Is Recognized by Naip2 to Induce Nlrc4 Inflammasome Activation Independently of Pkcδ

Shiho Suzuki, Luigi Franchi, Yuan He, Raul Muñoz-Planillo, Hitomi Mimuro, Toshihiko Suzuki, Chihiro Sasakawa, Gabriel Núñez

PLOS Pathogens: published February 6, 2014 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003926

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Clonal expansion of bacteria in model host organisms.

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