ISO 3166

ISO 3166 គឺជាបទដ្ឋាន standard ដែលចេញផ្សាយដោយ អង្គការបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ដើម្បីកំណត់នូវ កូដ codes សម្រាប់ឈ្មោះនៃប្រទេស និងទឹកដីរណប countries, dependent territories, ក៏ដូចជាតំបន់ភូមិសាស្ត្រពិសេសៗមួយចំនួនទៀត និង their principal subdivisions (ឧទាហរណ៍ ខេត្ត ឬ រដ្ឋ provinces or states) ។ ឈ្មោះផ្លូវការនៃបទដ្ឋាននេះគឺ កូដសម្រាប់តំណាងឲ្យឈ្មោះនៃប្រទេសនិងបំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាល (Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions) ។ បទដ្ឋាននេះចែកចេញជា ៣ផ្នែក៖^[១]

ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – ផ្នែកទី១៖ កូដប្រទេស (Country codes), កំណត់នូវកូដសម្រាប់ឈ្មោះនៃប្រទេស ទឹកដីរណប និងតំបន់ភូមិសាស្ត្រនានា។ ផ្នែកនេះ ក៏ត្រូវបានចែងចែកជា ៣ក្រុមនៃ កូដប្រទេស៖ country codes:
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 — កូដប្រទេសដែលមានអក្សរ២តួ ដែលត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់យ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយជាងគេក្នុងចំណោមក្រុមទាំង៣ និងជាពិសេសប្រើលើប្រព័ន្ធអុីនធឺណែត សម្រាប់ កូដដូមែនប្រទេស Internet's country code top-level domains (តែមានករណីលើកលែង១ចំនួនតូច) ។
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 — កូដប្រទេសដែលមានអក្សរ៣តួ ដែលសម្រួលឲ្យមានភាពងាយស្រួល three-letter country codes which allow a better visual association between the codes and the country names than the alpha-2 codes.
- ISO 3166-1 numeric — កូដប្រទេសដែលមានលេខ៣ខ្ទង់ ដែលមានអត្តសញ្ញាណដូចគ្នានឹងកូដដែលបានអភិវឌ្ឍនិងគ្រប់គ្រងដោយ នាយកដ្ឋានស្ថិតិនៃអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ the United Nations Statistics Division, with the advantage of script (writing system) independence, and hence useful for people or systems using non-Latin scripts.
ISO 3166-2, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – ផ្នែកទិ២៖ កូដបំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលប្រទេស (Country subdivision code), កំណត់នូវកូដសម្រាប់ឈ្មោះនៃបំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលសំខាន់ៗ (ឧទាហរណ៍, ខេត្ត ឬរដ្ឋ) នៃបណ្ដាប្រទេសទាំងឡាយដែលមានចុះផ្សាយនៅក្នុង បទដ្ឋាន ISO 3166-1 ។
ISO 3166-3, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – ផ្នែកទី៣៖ កូដសម្រាប់ឈ្មោះដែលធ្លាប់ប្រើរបស់ប្រទេស (Code for formerly used names of countries), កំណត់នូវកូដសម្រាប់ឈ្មោះប្រទេសដែលត្រូវបានលុបចោលចេញពីបទដ្ឋាន ISO 3166-1 ចាប់តាំងពីការចេញផ្សាយជាលើកដំបូងក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៩៧៤។

The first edition of ISO 3166 was published in 1974, which included only alphabetic country codes. The second edition, published in 1981, also included numeric country codes, with the third and fourth editions published in 1988 and 1993 respectively. The fifth edition, published between 1997 and 1999, was expanded into three parts to include codes for subdivisions and former countries.^[២]

ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency

The ISO 3166 standard is maintained by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA), located at the ISO central office in Geneva, Switzerland. Originally it was located at the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) in Berlin, Germany. Its principal tasks are:^[៣]

To add and to eliminate country names (respectively, country subdivision names) and to assign code elements to them;
To publish lists of country names (respectively, country subdivision names) and code elements;
To maintain a reference list of all country code elements and country subdivision code elements used and their period of use;
To issue newsletters announcing changes to the code tables;
To advise users on the application of ISO 3166.

សមាជិក

There are ten experts with voting rights on the ISO 3166/MA.^[៤] Five are representatives of national standards organizations:

Association française de normalisation (AFNOR) — France
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) — United States
British Standards Institution (BSI) — United Kingdom
Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) — Germany
Swedish Standards Institute (SIS) — Sweden

The other five are representatives of major United Nations agencies or other international organizations who are all users of ISO 3166-1:

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

The ISO 3166/MA has further associated members who do not participate in the votes but who, through their expertise, have significant influence on the decision taking procedure in the maintenance agency.

មើលផងដែរ

ISO 639 — ក្រម (កូដ) សម្រាប់តំណាងអោយឈ្មោះភាសា
ISO 15924 — ក្រម (កូដ) សម្រាប់តំណាងអោយឈ្មោះអក្សរ
ISO 4217 — ក្រម (កូដ) រូបិយបណ្ណ

ឯកសារយោង

↑ "What is ISO 3166?". International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
↑ "Development of ISO 3166". ISO. Archived from the original on 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
↑ "Tasks of ISO 3166/MA". ISO. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
↑ "Members of ISO 3166/MA". ISO. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ

ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

[1] "What is ISO 3166?". International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[2] "Development of ISO 3166". ISO. Archived from the original on 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[3] "Tasks of ISO 3166/MA". ISO. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[4] "Members of ISO 3166/MA". ISO. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

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