Fort Astoria
Fort Astoria (også kalt Fort George) var den primære stasjonen for pelshandel for John Jacob Astors selskap Pacific Fur Company (PFC). En maritim kontingent av PFC-mannskap ble sendt dit ombord skipet Tonquin, mens et annet reisefølge dro over fjell og land fra St. Louis. Denne sistnevnte gruppen ble i ettertid kjent som Astorekspedisjonen (Astor Expedition).
Fortet ble bygd ved munningen av Columbia River i 1811, og var den første amerikanskeide bosetting ved Stillehavskysten.
North West Company (NWC) kjøpte ut PFC i 1813, og disse omfattet Fort Astoria. De gav stedet det nye navn Fort George og tok det i bruk som hovedkvarter for sin virksomhet helt i vest, primært for Colombia-vassdraget. I 1821 inkorporerte Hudson's Bay Company Fort George i sitt nettverk av handelsstasjoner da det absorberte NWC. Åpningen av Fort Vancouver i 1825 var ment for å muliggjøre en flytting av hovedkvarteret til bedre beliggenhet. Fort George ble oppgitt i 1825, men det ble gjenåpnet senere det det ble mer av sjøfarende handelsvirksomhet.
Litteratur
[rediger | rediger kilde]Primærkilder
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Elliott, T. C. (1932), «Sale of Astoria, 1813», Oregon Historical Quarterly (Oregon Historical Society) 33 (1)
- Lee, Daniel; Frost, Joseph H. (1844), Ten Years in Oregon, New York: J. Collard, https://books.google.com/books?id=O3FNAAAAYAAJ
- McLoughlin, John (1948), Barker, Burt Brown, red., Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, written at Fort Vancouver 1829-1832, Portland, OR: Binfords & Mort
- Ross, Alexander (1849), Adventures of the first settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River, London: Smith, Elder & Co., https://books.google.com/books?id=AoEFAAAAQAAJ
- Scouler, John (1905), «Dr. John Scouler's Journal of a Voyage to N. W. America. Columbia, Vancouver, & Nootka Sound», The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society (Oregon Historical Society) 6 (3),
- Tolmie, William Fraser (1963), The Journals of William Fraser Tolmie: Physician and Trader, Vancouver, B.C.: Mitchell Press Limited
Sekundærlitteratur
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Begg, Alexaner (1894), History of British Columbia from its earliest discovery to the present time, Toronto: William Briggs, arkivert fra originalen. Error: If you specify
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, https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180517/http://nosracines.ca/e/page.aspx?id=491189, besøkt 2019-03-11 Arkivert 5. mars 2016 hos Wayback Machine. - Carey, Charles Henry (1922), History of Oregon, The Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUMOAAAAIAAJ
- Chittenden, Hiram M. (1902), The American Fur Trade in the Far West, 1, New York City: Francis P. Harper, https://archive.org/details/americanfurtrade01chit
- Galbraith, John S. (1957), The Hudson's Bay Company as an Imperial Factor, 1821-1869, Toronto: University of Toronto Press
- Jones, Robert F. (1997), «The Identity of the Tonquin's Interpreter», Oregon Historical Quarterly (Oregon Historical Society) 98 (3)
- Judson, Katherine B. (1919), «British Side of the Restoration of Fort Astoria-II (continued)», The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society (Oregon Historical Society) 20 (4)
- Koppel, Tom (1995), McLean, Elizabeth, red., Kanaka: The Untold Story of Hawaiian Pioneers in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest, Vancouver, B.C.: Whitecap Books
- Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997), Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793–1843, Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia Press
- Morris, Grace P. (1937), «Development of Astoria, 1811-1850», Oregon Historical Quarterly (Oregon Historical Society) 38 (4)
- Nisbet, Jack (1994), Sources of the River: Tracking David Thompson Across Western North America, Sasquatch Books,
- Scholefield, E.O.S.; Howay, F.W. (1914), British Columbia: From the Earliest Times to the Present, 1, Vancouver, B.C.: J. Clarke, arkivert fra originalen. Error: If you specify
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, you must also specify|archivedate=
, https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002238/http://www.nosracines.ca/e/toc.aspx?id=8612, besøkt 2019-03-11 Arkivert 4. mars 2016 hos Wayback Machine. - Victor, Frances Fuller; Bancroft, Hubert (1890), History of Oregon vol. 2, The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, XXX, San Francisco: History Co., https://books.google.com/books?id=l-gNAAAAIAAJ