CN108186000B - Real-time blood pressure monitoring system and method based on ballistocardiogram signal and photoelectric signal - Google Patents
Real-time blood pressure monitoring system and method based on ballistocardiogram signal and photoelectric signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real-time blood pressure monitoring system and method based on ballistocardiogram signals and photoelectric signals, wherein the system comprises a PC (personal computer), a bed body, a photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device, a ballistocardiogram signal acquisition device and a synchronous signal acquisition device, wherein the photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device is a PPG sensor and is used for acquiring PPG signals of a subject and is arranged on fingertips of the subject; the heart attack signal acquisition device is an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam of the bed body, the signal acquisition direction of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the spine, and the acceleration vibration signal of the nursing bed caused by heart attack can be acquired without constraint; the PPG sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the PC through the synchronous signal collector, and a monitoring result is output on a display screen of the PC; the synchronous signal collector adopts an external triggering mode to process two paths of signals simultaneously. The system has the advantages of real-time performance, continuity, non-invasiveness and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical detection, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring blood pressure in real time based on a ballistocardiogram signal and a photoelectric signal.
Background
Along with the increasingly rapid rhythmization of social life, the life style and dietary structure of people are greatly changed, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension and the like become healthy killers for human beings. Blood pressure is one of important physiological parameters of human body, and dynamic blood pressure (ABP) can be used for identifying hypertension, diagnosing heart diseases and evaluating the incidence risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The generally adopted tethered blood pressure monitoring can only provide the blood pressure value at the current moment, the obtained blood pressure is easily influenced by the current environment, and the blood pressure value is abnormal, so that the phenomenon of hypertension caused by psychological reasons is caused. Research shows that compared with the blood pressure value measured by the cuff type blood pressure meter, the dynamic blood pressure can more accurately reflect the current condition of the cardiovascular system, and the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases can be better predicted. The dynamic blood pressure is more sensitive and accurate in grading the risks of cardiovascular diseases, and has a closer relationship with the hypertension.
Conventional blood pressure measurement systems use oscillography to determine the blood pressure based on the relationship of the external pressure and the amplitude of arterial volume pulsations. However, the patient is uncomfortable during the circumferential compression of the arm required for this measurement. For long-term blood pressure monitoring, the patient sacrifices quality of life to maintain the monitoring. Thus, new methods of cuff-free blood pressure monitoring have been proposed to measure the blood pressure of patients without sacrificing their quality of life.
There are many methods for dynamic blood pressure measurement, such as continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurement based on pulse wave transmission time, optical blood pressure monitoring, and dynamic blood pressure non-contact measurement based on camera. For example, university of Zhejiang (CN 201610908106) is a blood pressure monitoring method based on image processing, which adopts a heart rate calculation based on video processing to obtain blood pressure, wherein M is an integer from 0 to 5, and the calculation is inaccurate according to the formula; for another example, in the system for continuous blood pressure monitoring of the patent (CN 200680014192), an ECG sensor is attached to a person, a pulse sensor is placed on a wrist of the person, and two paths of information are directly transmitted to a computer for processing.
Accordingly, what is needed is a system and method for blood pressure monitoring that does not require strapping the patient's arms with a cuff or attaching multiple electrodes to the patient's chest.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a real-time blood pressure monitoring system and method which have real-time performance, continuity and non-invasive and are based on a Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal and a photoelectric signal.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the real-time blood pressure monitoring system based on the ballistocardiogram and the photoelectric signal is characterized by comprising a PC (personal computer), a bed body, a photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device, a ballistocardiogram signal acquisition device and a synchronous signal acquisition device, wherein the photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device is a PPG sensor and is used for acquiring a PPG signal of a subject and is arranged on the fingertip of the subject; the heart attack signal acquisition device is an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam of the bed body, the signal acquisition direction of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the spine, and the acceleration vibration signal of the nursing bed caused by heart attack can be acquired without constraint; the PPG sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the PC through the synchronous signal collector, and a monitoring result is output on a display screen of the PC; the synchronous signal collector adopts an external triggering mode to process two paths of signals simultaneously, and a parameter integration and processing program is loaded in the PC, and the PC comprises a filtering module, a waveform identification module, a functional relation fitting module and a real-time blood pressure output unit; the synchronous signal collector transmits two paths of signals of the collected Ballistocardiogram (BCG) and the Photoelectric Plethysmograph (PPG) to the PC for integrated processing to obtain a real-time blood pressure value.
The real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on the ballistocardiogram signal and the photoelectric signal is realized by a LabVIEW platform by using the monitoring system, and comprises the following specific steps of:
step one, collecting signals:
the test bed body is used for measuring the BCG signals, wherein the BCG signals take acceleration vibration signals acquired by the acceleration sensor as acceleration original signals; the PPG sensor is fixed on the fingertip of the subject and is used for measuring a PPG signal of a pulse wave waveform state conducted to the fingertip, and the BCG signal and the PPG signal are synchronously collected through the synchronous signal collector;
step two, signal pretreatment:
inputting an acceleration original signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 5-9 Hz for denoising; then taking absolute value of the signal amplitude after denoising; inputting the absolute value-taken signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 0.8-1.5 Hz to obtain a target waveform which can obviously reflect J waves, namely a preprocessed acceleration signal waveform; inputting a PPG signal into a photoelectric conversion circuit, then filtering by a PPG signal filter, wherein the PPG filter adopts 0.2Hz-10Hz band-pass filtering, then 50Hz notch processing, and finally denoising by a wavelet transformation method to obtain a preprocessed PPG signal waveform;
third step, signal contrast analysis:
identifying the preprocessed acceleration signal waveform and the preprocessed PPG signal waveform, and performing peak detection extraction by adopting a multi-scale wavelet transformation peak detection mode; comparing the amplitude threshold values of the preprocessed BCG signal waveform and the PPG signal waveform, and calculating to obtain pulse wave conduction time PTT by utilizing the phase difference between the J wave crest of the BCG signal waveform and the wave crest of the PPG signal waveform in the concentricity period; simultaneously, wave crest detection is utilized to extract wave crests and wave troughs in the PPG signal waveform, phase differences between the wave crests and the wave troughs in the waveform are calculated, and pulse wave arrival time PAT is obtained;
fourth, calculating and outputting a result:
PTT and diastolic pressure DBP obtained based on the BCG signal and the PPG signal have strong correlation, and the relation between the diastolic pressure DBP and the PTT is shown as formula (1):
wherein: gamma is a reference coefficient and takes a value in the range of 0.016-0.018; ρ is the density of blood in the vessel; d is the diameter of the inner wall of the blood vessel; k is a proportionality coefficient; g is a gravitational acceleration constant; a is the average thickness of the vessel wall; e (E) 0 Is the elastic modulus in the zero pressure state; t is the value of PTT obtained after waveform identification; p represents the DBP with which PTT corresponds;
the PAT based on the PPG signal has a strong correlation with the systolic SBP, and the relationship between the two is represented by the formula (6):
SBP＝195.37-0.587PAT(6)；
the DBP value obtained by the formula (1) and the SBP value obtained by the formula (6) are displayed on a display screen of the PC in real time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The blood pressure acquisition means can conveniently and accurately acquire real-time dynamic systolic pressure and diastolic pressure values, and meanwhile, discomfort of a human body caused by constraint detection is avoided. The signals collected by the BCG and the PPG are required to be synchronous, and the PTT and PAT information with reference significance can be obtained only in this way.
(2) The invention combines the ballistocardiogram detection technology, the capacitance pulse tracing signal acquisition technology and the pulse wave conduction detection technology, and provides a novel method capable of accurately obtaining real-time dynamic blood pressure.
The method of the invention respectively utilizes the acceleration sensor and the PPG sensor to synchronously acquire the BCG signal and the PPG signal, and the synchronous acquisition mode is that a synchronous acquisition card is adopted to synchronously receive the two paths of signals; inputting the collected two paths of signals into a filtering module for signal preprocessing, wherein a preprocessing mode of bandpass filtering, absolute value taking and bandpass filtering is adopted for BCG signals, and a processing mode of firstly carrying out signal conversion by a photoelectric conversion circuit, then carrying out 50Hz notch and finally denoising by a wavelet transform method is adopted for PPG signals; respectively carrying out signal comparison on the two paths of signals after pretreatment, obtaining PTT by utilizing the phase difference between J wave of the BCG signal and the peak of the PPG signal in the synchronously acquired concentricity period after the BCG signal is subjected to peak detection and amplitude threshold comparison, and obtaining PAT by utilizing the phase difference between the peak and the trough after the PPG signal is subjected to peak detection; the PTT and PAT values obtained respectively are input into a function fitting module, DBP and SBP values can be obtained by calculation respectively, and finally, the real-time output of the blood pressure value can be realized. The method couples pulse wave conduction time (PTT) acquired based on a BCG signal and a PPG signal and pulse wave arrival time (PAT) acquired based on the PPG signal with relevant parameters of a body to obtain real-time dynamic systolic pressure (SBP) and diastolic pressure (DBP), and further obtains two types of blood pressure real-time discrete folding lines. The blood pressure monitoring device has the characteristics of real-time performance, continuity and stability, can not cause discomfort to people due to long-term monitoring, and has higher accuracy compared with a camera dynamic blood pressure monitoring device (CN 106343986A). The invention combines the heart attack detection technology, the pulse wave conduction detection technology and the blood pressure acquisition means, and can realize the dynamic real-time continuous acquisition of the blood pressure of the human body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for real-time blood pressure monitoring based on ballistocardiographic signals and photoelectric signals according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the definitions of PTT and PAT in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a linear fit of the PAT and SBP of the embodiment
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the real-time blood pressure monitoring system based on ballistocardiographic signals and photoelectric signals according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a real-time data display interface based on LabView software;
in the figure, 1, PC, 2, the bed body, 3, PPG sensor, 4, acceleration sensor, 5, synchronous signal collector.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on the ballistocardiogram signal and the photoelectric signal in more detail, the invention is described in detail below according to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a real-time blood pressure monitoring system based on a ballistocardiogram signal and a photoelectric signal (a system for short, see figure 4), which comprises a PC (personal computer) 1, a bed body 2, a Photoelectric Plethysmographic (PPG) signal acquisition device, a Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal acquisition device and a synchronous signal acquisition device 5, wherein the photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device is a PPG sensor 3 and is used for acquiring a PPG signal of a subject and is arranged on the fingertip of the subject; the heart attack signal acquisition device is an acceleration sensor 4, the acceleration sensor 4 is arranged on a cross beam of the bed body, the signal acquisition direction of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the spine, and the acceleration vibration signal of the nursing bed caused by heart attack can be acquired without constraint; the PPG sensor 3 and the acceleration sensor 4 are connected with a PC through a synchronous signal collector 5, and a monitoring result is output on a display screen of the PC; the synchronous signal collector adopts an external triggering mode to process two paths of signals simultaneously, and the synchronous signal collector transmits the two paths of signals of the collected Ballistocardiogram (BCG) and the Photoelectric Plethysmograph (PPG) into a PC (personal computer) for integrated processing to obtain real-time blood pressure values (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean value).
The PC is internally loaded with a parameter integration and processing program, and comprises a filtering module, a waveform identification module, a functional relation fitting module and a real-time blood pressure output unit. The filtering module is used for preprocessing the collected BCG signals, and converting the collected PPG signals through the photoelectric conversion circuit and then preprocessing the signals. The specific pretreatment mode is as follows: inputting an acceleration original signal to a Butterworth filter with a passband of 5-9 Hz for denoising, namely denoising through bandpass filtering; then taking absolute value of the signal amplitude after denoising; inputting the absolute value-taken signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 0.8-1.5 Hz, namely, carrying out band-pass filtering again to obtain a target waveform capable of obviously reflecting J waves; the PPG signal adopts 50Hz notch to filter the power frequency signal from the circuit, and then uses dB10 wavelet base 5-layer decomposition to carry out wavelet transform denoising, thus obtaining pulse wave waveform with obvious wave crest, namely the preprocessed PPG signal. Wherein, the band-pass filter adopts a Butterworth filter.
The waveform identification module is used for identifying the waveform obtained after filtering, performing peak extraction by adopting a multi-scale wavelet transformation peak detection mode, comparing the BCG signal waveform with the PPG signal waveform, acquiring PTT by using the phase difference between the J wave peak and the PPG wave peak of the BCG in the concentricity period, and acquiring PAT by using the phase difference between the wave peak and the wave trough in the PPG waveform. The functional relation fitting module is used for coupling pulse wave conduction time (PTT) acquired based on the BCG signal and the PPG signal and pulse wave arrival time (PAT) acquired based on the PPG signal with relevant parameters of the body to acquire a functional relation between the PAT and the SBP and between the PTT and the DBP; the real-time blood pressure output unit is used for dynamically displaying and outputting two types of blood pressure (systolic pressure SBP and diastolic pressure DBP) discrete folding lines in real time.
The system of the invention is further characterized in that the model of the PPG Sensor is PPG101C1 US Sensor, and the signal acquisition needs to be carried out on the fingertips of a subject, so as to acquire the pulse wave waveform of the far end of the body, and the principle is as follows: when light passes through skin tissues and then is reflected to the PPG sensor, the light is attenuated to a certain extent, when the light is converted into an electric signal, the absorption of the light by arteries is changed, the absorption of the light by other tissues is basically unchanged, the obtained signals can be divided into Direct Current (DC) signals and Alternating Current (AC) signals, and the AC signals are extracted to reflect the characteristics of blood flow and the pulse fluctuation condition.
The system is further characterized in that the model of the acceleration sensor is a MEGGITT-7298 triaxial acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is a high-sensitivity capacitance acceleration sensor; the synchronous signal collector adopts a PXI-6132 synchronous acquisition card of NI, and acquires BCG and PPG signals simultaneously through external triggering.
The invention discloses a real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on ballistocardiogram signals and photoelectric signals, which is realized by a LabVIEW platform and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, collecting signals:
the test bed body 2 is arranged on the test bed body in a calm and flat way, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on a side cross beam of the test bed body and is used for measuring a BCG signal, and the BCG signal takes an acceleration vibration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor as an acceleration original signal; the PPG sensor is fixed on the fingertip of the subject and is used for measuring a PPG signal of a pulse wave waveform state conducted to the fingertip, and the BCG signal and the PPG signal are synchronously collected through the synchronous signal collector;
step two, signal pretreatment:
inputting an acceleration original signal to a Butterworth filter with a passband of 5-9 Hz for denoising, namely denoising through bandpass filtering; then taking absolute value of the signal amplitude after denoising; inputting the absolute value-taken signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 0.8-1.5 Hz, namely, carrying out band-pass filtering again to obtain a target waveform which can obviously reflect J waves, namely, a preprocessed acceleration signal waveform; inputting a PPG signal into a photoelectric conversion circuit, then filtering by a PPG signal filter, wherein the PPG filter adopts 0.2Hz-10Hz band-pass filtering, then 50Hz notch processing is carried out, the purpose is to filter a power frequency signal from the circuit, and finally denoising processing is carried out by a wavelet transformation method, so that a preprocessed PPG signal waveform is obtained;
third step, signal contrast analysis:
identifying the preprocessed acceleration signal waveform and the preprocessed PPG signal waveform, and performing peak detection extraction by adopting a multi-scale wavelet transformation peak detection mode; comparing the amplitude threshold values of the preprocessed BCG signal waveform and the PPG signal waveform, and calculating to obtain pulse wave conduction time PTT by utilizing the phase difference between the J wave crest of the BCG signal waveform and the wave crest of the PPG signal waveform in the concentricity period; simultaneously, the wave crest detection and extraction are utilized to obtain wave crests and wave troughs in the PPG signal waveform, and the phase difference between the wave crests and the wave troughs in the waveform is calculated to obtain pulse wave arrival time PAT (shown in figure 2);
fourth, calculating and outputting a result:
PTT and diastolic pressure DBP obtained based on the BCG signal and the PPG signal have strong correlation, and the relation between the diastolic pressure DBP and the PTT is shown as formula (1):
wherein: gamma is a reference coefficient and takes a value in the range of 0.016-0.018; ρ is the density of blood in the vessel; d is the diameter of the inner wall of the blood vessel; k is a proportionality coefficient; g is a gravitational acceleration constant; a is the average thickness of the vessel wall; e (E) 0 Is the elastic modulus in the zero pressure state; t is the value of PTT obtained after waveform identification; p represents the DBP with which PTT corresponds;
the pulse wave transmission speed v from the chest to the fingertip of the human body should satisfy the relation:
where E is the elastic modulus of the blood vessel, it should satisfy the following relationship:
the value T of PTT is inversely proportional to the pulse wave velocity v, and the following relationship is satisfied
Bringing formula (3) and formula (4) into formula (2) gives:
the formula (5) can be finished to obtain the formula (1);
the PAT based on the PPG signal has a strong correlation with the systolic SBP, and the relationship between the two is represented by the formula (6):
SBP＝195.37-0.587PAT(6)
by using an adaptive threshold algorithm combining the SBP-PAT function with verification of the measured blood pressure value, the SBP=aPAT+b is calculated to find a and b, and the SBP value displayed in real time can be obtained through the PAT. Carrying out data acquisition on different people for a plurality of times to obtain a scatter diagram of points corresponding to PAT and SBP (as shown in figure 3), wherein eight groups of data are adopted in the early-stage experiment in the invention, a linear function line is obtained by carrying out function fitting on the scatter diagram, empirical unknowns a and b and an empirical equation SBP=aPAT+b can be obtained through images, and the empirical equation obtained by fitting in the experiment is SBP= 195.37-0.587PAT, and the correlation is 0.89, so that an accurate SBP value with very strong real-time performance is obtained;
the DBP value obtained by the formula (1) and the SBP value obtained by the formula (1) are displayed on a display screen of a PC in real time (as shown in figure 5), and a display interface comprises an SBP curve chart, a DBP curve chart, a real-time SBP value, a real-time DBP value and a DATA DATA cluster, wherein the DATA DATA cluster comprises real-time PAT and PTT values obtained through synchronous acquisition and signal processing.
The central impact (BCG) signal acquisition device needs to be combined with a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal acquisition device and a synchronous signal acquisition device, and is used for acquiring signal pulse wave conduction time (PTT) closely related to diastolic pressure (DBP) in the concentric blood circulation period. The heart attack signal is detected based on the acceleration sensor, the acceleration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor is taken as an original signal, and the acquisition mode is as follows: the signal acquisition direction of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the spine. The photoplethysmography (PPG) signal acquisition device is intended to acquire the pulse wave waveform of a fingertip for acquiring the signal pulse wave arrival time (PAT) closely related to systolic pressure (SBP) in the concentric blood circulation period.
The detection mode of the real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on the ballistocardiogram is horizontal, at the moment, the Photoelectric Plethysmographic (PPG) signal acquisition device and the Ballistocardiogram (BCG) acquisition device are both input units of the system, the PC kernel is used as a processing unit of the system, and a display screen or a storage device of the PC is used as an output unit of the system.
Example 1
The following takes a system comprising an acceleration sensor, a photoplethysmograph device, a synchronous signal collector and a computer as an example for dynamic blood pressure monitoring, and takes an artificial study object lying in a bed as an example, in particular to a real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on ballistocardiographic signals.
The embodiment of the real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on the ballistocardiogram signal and the photoelectric signal mainly acquires, processes and analyzes the sensor signal to obtain real-time blood pressure values (systolic pressure and diastolic pressure). The monitoring system used in the method is as follows: the device comprises a PC (personal computer) 1, a bed body 2, a PPG (PPG) sensor 3, an acceleration sensor 4 and a synchronous signal collector 5.1 PPG Sensor (PPG 101C1 US Sensor) is arranged on the finger of a subject, 1 acceleration Sensor (MEGGITT-7298) is arranged on a bed beam, two paths of collected Sensor signals are transmitted to a synchronous signal collector (PXI-6132), and the synchronous signal collector adopts an external triggering mode to simultaneously process the two paths of signals, so that the signals are transmitted to a PC for integrated processing.
The heart attack signal acquisition device mainly comprises an acceleration sensor, and the high-sensitivity capacitance acceleration sensor arranged on the cross beam at the side of the nursing bed can acquire the acceleration vibration signal of the nursing bed caused by heart attack without constraint. The acceleration sensor of the embodiment is a MEGGITT-7298 triaxial acceleration sensor.
The photoplethysmography signal acquisition device adopts a PPG Sensor, the model of the photoplethysmography signal acquisition device is PPG101 C1.US Sensor, the signal acquisition needs to be carried out on the fingertips of a subject, the purpose is to acquire pulse wave waveforms of the far end of the body, and then PTT and PAT related to blood pressure are obtained, and the principle is that: the illumination is attenuated to some extent when it passes through the skin tissue and then reflects back to the photosensitive sensor. When we convert light into an electrical signal, the resulting signal can be divided into a direct current DC signal and an alternating current AC signal, just because the absorption of light by the artery changes while the absorption of light by other tissues is substantially unchanged. The AC signal is extracted to reflect the blood flow characteristic and pulse fluctuation.
The synchronous acquisition device adopts a PXI-6132 synchronous acquisition card of NI, and acquires BCG and PPG signals simultaneously through external triggering.
The PC is internally loaded with a parameter integration and processing program, and comprises a filtering module, a waveform identification module, a functional relation fitting module and a real-time blood pressure output unit; AD conversion is carried out on two paths of analog pulse waves, and corresponding points are marked. Then, PTT can be obtained by analyzing the phase difference between the J-wave peak and the PPG peak of the concentricity cycle BCG, and PAT can be obtained by analyzing the phase difference between the PPG peak and the trough, as shown in fig. 2, a linear regression line graph obtained by an empirical algorithm based on a determined functional relationship between the change of the diastolic pressure DBP and the pulse transit time PTT and by a strong correlation between the systolic pressure SBP and the pulse wave arrival time PAT. The obtained pulse wave conduction time and the physical sign information of the subject stored in the memory are brought into a known equation, personalized parameters to be determined are calibrated, and the obtained PTT and PAT are brought into the equation after the parameters are determined, so that the diastolic pressure and the systolic pressure of the tested person can be calculated respectively. And finally integrating the integrated data into a PC (personal computer) after overall data processing.
The real-time blood pressure output unit is based on a computer display, and utilizes labview software to manufacture an interface to display the high pressure, the low pressure, the average blood pressure value and the discrete fold line and the value of the heart rate in real time.
In the embodiment, a contrast experiment of a special blood pressure measuring instrument is added, and the special blood pressure measuring instrument is an OMRON U30 upper arm type sphygmomanometer.
The user is male, 25 years old, 181cm in height and 68kg in weight.
The user lies on the test bed quietly, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on a side beam of the test bed and is used for measuring BCG signals; the PPG sensor is fixed on the fingertip of the subject and used for measuring the waveform state of pulse waves conducted to the fingertip, and the two paths of signals are synchronously collected, preprocessed respectively and integrated and analyzed. Setting a heartbeat peak empirical threshold range of 0.35-0.80 mv, acquiring J-wave information in a BCG signal by using a multi-scale wavelet transformation peak extraction method, obtaining PTT by using a time domain phase difference between a J-wave peak and a PPG signal peak, and obtaining PAT by calculating a time domain phase difference between the PPG signal peak and a trough, as shown in figure 2; the diastolic pressure can be obtained from the obtained PTT value by a formula method, the systolic pressure can be obtained from the obtained PAT value by an experimental function fitting method, and FIG. 3 shows a graph of the measured systolic pressure (SBP) of the subject versus the calculated linear regression line of the PAT. Each measurement point represents an SBP measured at the time of calculating PAT. The reference value of SBP was obtained using a commercial electronic blood pressure meter (OMRON U30) and used for calibration, the volunteer was healthy and had blood pressure at multiple measurement points specified by the exercise. As shown in fig. 3, the diastolic and systolic pressures in the current heart rate cycle are output after calculation. In order to obtain the PTT and PAT values with higher reliability, the subject needs to lie quietly and flatly, record BCG and PPG signals for three minutes, record the detection result and calculate the high and low voltage average values.
In the embodiment, the average value of the high and low pressure output by the real-time blood pressure measurement is 122/81, the blood pressure value measured by the OMRON U30 upper arm type blood pressure meter is 110/75, and the real-time blood pressure monitoring method based on the ballistocardiographic signal and the photoelectric signal proves that the measurement error is below 15%, and the fixed relation between DBP and PTT is adopted, so that the calculation stability is better, and the measurement result is accurate and reliable.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (3)
1. The real-time blood pressure monitoring system based on the ballistocardiogram and the photoelectric signal is characterized by comprising a PC (personal computer), a bed body, a photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device, a ballistocardiogram signal acquisition device and a synchronous signal acquisition device, wherein the photoelectric plethysmographic signal acquisition device is a PPG sensor and is used for acquiring a PPG signal of a subject and is arranged on the fingertip of the subject; the heart attack signal acquisition device is an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is arranged on a cross beam of the bed body, the signal acquisition direction of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the spine, and the acceleration vibration signal of the nursing bed caused by heart attack can be acquired without constraint; the PPG sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected with the PC through the synchronous signal collector, and a monitoring result is output on a display screen of the PC; the synchronous signal collector adopts an external triggering mode to process two paths of signals simultaneously, and a parameter integration and processing program is loaded in the PC, and the PC comprises a filtering module, a waveform identification module, a functional relation fitting module and a real-time blood pressure output unit; the synchronous signal collector transmits two paths of signals of the collected Ballistocardiogram (BCG) and the Photoelectric Plethysmograph (PPG) to the PC for integrated processing to obtain a real-time blood pressure value;
the monitoring system is realized by a LabVIEW platform, and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, collecting signals:
the test bed body is used for measuring the BCG signals, wherein the BCG signals take acceleration vibration signals acquired by the acceleration sensor as acceleration original signals; the PPG sensor is fixed on the fingertip of the subject and is used for measuring a PPG signal of a pulse wave waveform state conducted to the fingertip, and the BCG signal and the PPG signal are synchronously collected through the synchronous signal collector;
step two, signal pretreatment:
inputting an acceleration original signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 5-9 Hz for denoising; then taking absolute value of the signal amplitude after denoising; inputting the absolute value-taken signal into a Butterworth filter with a passband of 0.8-1.5 Hz to obtain a target waveform which can obviously reflect J waves, namely a preprocessed acceleration signal waveform; inputting a PPG signal into a photoelectric conversion circuit, then filtering by a PPG signal filter, wherein the PPG filter adopts 0.2Hz-10Hz band-pass filtering, then 50Hz notch processing, and finally denoising by a wavelet transformation method to obtain a preprocessed PPG signal waveform;
third step, signal contrast analysis:
identifying the preprocessed acceleration signal waveform and the preprocessed PPG signal waveform, and performing peak detection extraction by adopting a multi-scale wavelet transformation peak detection mode; comparing the amplitude threshold values of the preprocessed BCG signal waveform and the PPG signal waveform, and calculating to obtain pulse wave conduction time PTT by utilizing the phase difference between the J wave crest of the BCG signal waveform and the wave crest of the PPG signal waveform in the concentricity period; simultaneously, wave crest detection is utilized to extract wave crests and wave troughs in the PPG signal waveform, phase differences between the wave crests and the wave troughs in the waveform are calculated, and pulse wave arrival time PAT is obtained;
fourth, calculating and outputting a result:
PTT and diastolic pressure DBP obtained based on the BCG signal and the PPG signal have strong correlation, and the relation between the diastolic pressure DBP and the PTT is shown as formula (1):
wherein: gamma is a reference coefficient and takes a value in the range of 0.016-0.018; ρ is the density of blood in the vessel; d is the diameter of the inner wall of the blood vessel; k is a proportionality coefficient; g is a gravitational acceleration constant; a is the average thickness of the vessel wall; e (E) 0 Is the elastic modulus in the zero pressure state; t is the value of PTT obtained after waveform identification; p represents the DBP with which PTT corresponds;
the PAT based on the PPG signal has a strong correlation with the systolic SBP, and the relationship between the two is represented by the formula (6):
SBP＝195.37-0.587PAT(6)；
the DBP value obtained by the formula (1) and the SBP value obtained by the formula (6) are displayed on a display screen of the PC in real time.
2. The real-time blood pressure monitoring system based on a ballistocardiogram and an optoelectronic signal according to claim 1, wherein the model of the PPG sensor is PPG101 C1.USSENSOR, and the model of the acceleration sensor is MEGGITT-7298 triaxial acceleration sensor; the synchronous signal collector adopts a PXI-6132 synchronous acquisition card of NI.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the display interface on the display screen comprises an SBP graph, a DBP graph, a real-time SBP value, a real-time DBP value, and a DATA cluster comprising real-time PAT and PTT values obtained by synchronous acquisition and signal processing.
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