CN112525639B - Preparation method of underground karst cave model - Google Patents
Preparation method of underground karst cave model Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525639B CN112525639B CN202011363862.2A CN202011363862A CN112525639B CN 112525639 B CN112525639 B CN 112525639B CN 202011363862 A CN202011363862 A CN 202011363862A CN 112525639 B CN112525639 B CN 112525639B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an underground karst cave model, which determines the position and the shape of a karst cave according to the field engineering condition through field investigation and geological data; then, a mold is manufactured according to the shape of the karst cave, the magnetorheological material and the conductive coil are placed in the mold, the conductive coil is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetorheological material is solidified and molded, and the mold is removed to obtain a karst cave core mold; then, similar materials are selected according to geological data to pour the geological model, the karst cave core mould is pre-buried in the geological model in the pouring process, and the conductive coil in the karst cave core mould is kept electrified all the time in the pouring process; and finally, the conductive coil in the karst cave core mould is powered off, the magnetic field disappears, and the magnetorheological material is recovered into fluid, so that the karst cave is formed, and the preparation of the underground karst cave model is completed. The material used in the invention is easy to obtain, the cost is lower, the operation is simple in the preparation process, the structure is not damaged in the dissolving process of the karst cave core mould, and the simulation effect of the prepared underground karst cave model is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil and architectural engineering, relates to a simulation experiment technology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an underground karst cave model, which can be used in laboratories, construction sites, schools and the like with karst cave research requirements, improves the authenticity of the karst cave, and enhances the accuracy of karst cave experiment data.
Background
The existing cave shaping method mainly comprises the steps of filling foam inside and then soaking with alcohol or injecting alcohol or placing ice blocks inside to melt, and the method has the following defects:
(1) The situation of forming the karst cave in the interior is not clear, and the forming effect of the karst cave is difficult to observe because the dissolving situation of the foam cannot be accurately judged.
(2) The foam has low strength relative to a simulated rock stratum, and is easy to damage in the pouring process, so that the final forming effect is influenced.
(3) Dissolving the foam through open cells with alcohol often requires maintaining internal alcohol flow through a compressor, making it difficult to maintain stable dissolution.
(4) The simulated rock stratum can generate hydration reaction with alcohol in the soaking process, and the accuracy of the final experimental data is influenced.
(5) The filling with the foam is easy to cause the blockage of the solvent flow pipe in the softening process.
(6) When foam is used for karst cave simulation, because gaps are formed in the middle of the foam, slurry of a simulated rock stratum flows into the gaps due to self weight, and the simulated karst cave has a large difference from the actual cave.
(7) The final mould is difficult to remove by the alcohol injection method, and the mould has certain strength, so that the experimental effect is finally influenced.
The magnetorheological material is a novel functional material and can be gradually changed from a liquid state to a solid state along with the increase of an external magnetic field. Can be firmed under the action of a strong magnetic field. Nowadays, the material is often applied to shock absorbers, brakes and dampers, however, the material has not been applied to the civil engineering field in the prior art, and if the material can be applied to cave simulation, the problem can be solved, and a scheme with strong practicability is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a novel karst cave model experiment aiming at the problems, and solves the problem that the geological environment of the karst cave cannot be simulated well in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an underground karst cave model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 3, selecting similar materials to pour the geological model according to geological data, embedding the karst cave core mold in the geological model in the pouring process, and keeping the conductive coil in the karst cave core mold electrified all the time in the process;
and 4, powering off the conductive coil in the karst cave core mold, eliminating the magnetic field, and recovering the magnetorheological material into fluid to form the karst cave, namely completing the preparation of the underground karst cave model.
Further, in step 3, the casting method of the geological model is as follows:
3.1, selecting the material proportion of similar materials closest to physical indexes of actual working conditions through an orthogonal experiment;
step 3.2, manufacturing a model box for pouring the geological model, pouring a bottom layer simulation low-weathering rock stratum at the bottom in the model box, and installing the karst cave core mold at a corresponding position according to the site engineering karst cave position;
3.3, after the bottom layer simulates a low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set, pouring a middle-layer simulated medium-weathering rock stratum on the bottom layer, and installing an experimental data collection device;
3.4, after the weathering rock stratum is initially set in the middle-layer simulation, pouring an upper-layer simulated high weathering rock stratum on the middle-layer simulated high weathering rock stratum, and placing a simulated pile foundation at a corresponding position in the actual engineering;
and 3.5, completing the preparation of the geological model in the step 3 after the initial setting and maintenance of all the models are finished.
Furthermore, the karst cave core mould is installed before the bottom layer simulates the low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set, and the bottom layer simulates the low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set and then plays a role in fixing and positioning the karst cave core mould.
Further, in step 3.2, before the karst cave core mould is installed, a protective layer is arranged on a conductive coil and a lead outside the karst cave core mould, the conductive coil is a filament coil, in step 4, after the conductive coil is powered off, the conductive coil is directly pulled out from the underground karst cave mould, and the fluid-state magnetorheological material flows out from a conductive coil pull-out hole.
Further, the protective layer is a liquid protective layer or a film protective layer.
Further, the liquid protective layer is vaseline or a release agent, and the film protective layer is a plastic film or a rubber film.
Further, in step 3.3, the experimental data collection device comprises an earth pressure cell and a strain gauge, and the earth pressure cell and the strain gauge are installed at a position to be measured through external force before the initial setting of the stroke chemical rock stratum in the middle layer simulation.
Further, in step 3.4, the simulation pile foundation is installed at a corresponding position through external force before the initial setting of the upper simulation high weathering rock stratum.
Further, when the middle layer is poured to simulate a middle stroke rock stratum in the step 3.3, the voltage at two ends of the conductive coil is increased through the voltage regulator, the magnetic field emphasis is improved, and therefore the strength of the karst cave core mold is improved.
Further, in step 2, the karst cave core mould can be reshaped through an insulating glove under the condition of reducing the voltage of the conductive coil.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: firstly, a bottom layer simulated low-weathering rock stratum is poured in a model box, and after pouring is finished, the electrified magnetorheological material is placed in a simulated karst cave position when the model box is not initially set. And after the bottom layer simulates the low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set, arranging data collection devices such as a soil pressure box and optical fibers. And then pouring the middle simulated middle weathered rock layer, and pouring the upper simulated low weathered rock layer after the simulated middle weathered rock layer is initially set. And after all the models are well maintained, the electric coil in the magnetorheological material is powered off, the strength of the electric coil is removed, and then the karst cave is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, only one electrified wire penetrates through the soil body, so that the overall structure of the model cannot be damaged, and the precision is improved.
And secondly, the magnetorheological material can adjust the solid-liquid state through the strength of the magnetic field, the strength of the magnetorheological material is ensured not to be damaged by the self weight of the upper soil body by increasing the voltage before initial setting, the model is waited for initial setting, the voltage is reduced to convert the magnetorheological material into liquid, the hydration reaction does not occur to influence the experiment precision, and the accuracy and the reliability of the experiment are ensured.
And thirdly, the invention can also simulate various karst caves such as a bead string type karst cave, an ultra-large karst cave and the like, and is smoother and more practical than the karst cave simulated by foam.
The Invention (IV) is very flexible, and can directly carry out plastic adjustment operation on the karst cave core mould by covering both hands with the insulating material according to the requirements of site construction and experiments, thereby avoiding the money and time consumed by prefabricating the mould or cutting foam.
Compared with the current stage model experiment, the forming of the karst cave can be smoother, the hydration effect generated by methods of melting foam and ice blocks by alcohol does not exist, the error of the model is smaller, the power of the electric coil is cut off after the whole model is solidified, the magnetorheological material can be restored to the liquid state, the rigidity of the magnetorheological material is removed, and the karst cave in the model is formed at the moment, so that the characteristics of high model forming speed, stable effect and fitting practical characteristics can be achieved due to the fact that the magnetorheological material has different rigidity under different magnetic fields. Meanwhile, the magnetorheological material can achieve a mud shape with no flowability and a good molding effect under a certain magnetic field, and an experimenter can use the insulating material to coat two hands to directly mold the magnetorheological material and can flexibly change the shape of the actual karst cave. The material used in the invention is easy to obtain and has lower cost, and even the magnetorheological material is also applied to dampers and industrial manufacture in large quantity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a karst cave core mold in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a karst cave core mold structure in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the karst cave core mold after the bottom layer is poured to simulate the low-efflorescence rock stratum in example 1 of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the karst cave core mold and the pressure regulator in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a poured middle layer simulating a stroke-induced formation in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulated high weathering formation with an upper layer poured in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a simulation pile foundation installed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a geological model in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the completion of the preparation of the underground cavern model with the power-off of the conductive coil, the disappearance of the magnetic field and the completion of the preparation of the conductive coil in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a side view of the underground cavern model in example 1 of the present invention.
In the attached figure, 1-a conductive coil, 2-a lead, 3-a magnetorheological material, 4-an upper layer simulating a high weathering rock stratum, 5-a middle layer simulating a medium weathering rock stratum, 6-a bottom layer simulating a low weathering rock stratum, 7-a simulating pile foundation, 8-an experimental data collecting device, 9-a pressure regulator, 10-a karst cave core mold and 11-a mold are shown.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 10, a method for preparing an underground cavern model includes the following steps:
step 3, selecting similar materials according to geological data to pour the geological model, embedding the karst cave core mold 10 in the geological model in the pouring process, and keeping the conductive coil 1 in the karst cave core mold 10 electrified all the time in the pouring process, wherein the concrete method is as follows;
3.1, selecting the material proportion of similar materials closest to physical indexes of actual working conditions through an orthogonal experiment;
step 3.2, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, manufacturing a model box for pouring the geological model, pouring a bottom layer simulation low-weathering rock stratum 6 at the bottom in the model box, and installing a karst cave core mould 10 at a corresponding position according to the site engineering karst cave position, as shown in fig. 4;
step 3.3, as shown in fig. 5, after the bottom simulated low-weathering rock stratum 6 is initially set, pouring a middle simulated medium-weathering rock stratum 5 on the bottom simulated low-weathering rock stratum, and installing an experimental data collection device 8;
step 3.4, as shown in fig. 6, after the weathering rock layer 5 in the middle layer is initially set, the upper layer simulated high weathering rock layer 4 is poured on the middle layer simulated high weathering rock layer, and the simulated pile foundation 7 is placed at the corresponding position in the actual engineering, as shown in fig. 7;
and 3.5, completing the preparation of the geological model in the step 3 after the initial setting and maintenance of all the models are finished, and showing in a figure 8.
And 4, powering off the conductive coil 1 in the karst cave core mold 10, eliminating the magnetic field, and recovering the magnetorheological material 3 into fluid, so that the karst cave is formed, and the preparation of the underground karst cave model is completed, as shown in fig. 9, once the conductive coil 1 is powered off, the magnetic field disappears, and the magnetorheological material 3 becomes fluid, so that no influence is caused on the stress structure of the underground karst cave model.
According to the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the karst cave core mold 10 is installed before the initial setting of the bottom layer simulated low-weathering rock stratum 6, and the bottom layer simulated low-weathering rock stratum 6 plays a role in fixing and positioning the karst cave core mold 10 after initial setting.
Further optimizing the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in step 3.3, the experimental data collecting devices 8 are an earth pressure cell and a strain gauge, and the earth pressure cell and the strain gauge are arranged at the position to be measured through external force before the initial setting of the chemical stratum 5 in the middle-layer simulation; and 3.4, installing the simulation pile foundation 7 at a corresponding position through external force before the initial setting of the upper simulation high weathering rock stratum 4.
Further optimizing the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, when the middle layer is poured to simulate the medium stroke chemical rock layer 5 in the step 3.3, the voltage at two ends of the conductive coil 1 is increased through the voltage regulator 9, the magnetic field emphasis is improved, and therefore the strength of the karst cave core mold 10 is improved.
Example 2: the other steps are the same as in example 1, except that: in step 3.2, before the karst cave core mould 10 is installed, a protective layer is arranged on the conductive coil 1 and the conducting wire 2 outside the karst cave core mould 10, the conductive coil 1 is a filament coil, in step 4, after the conductive coil 1 is powered off, the conductive coil 1 is directly pulled out from the underground karst cave model (the spring-shaped conductive coil 1 is pulled out and becomes a filament, and is pulled out), the magnetorheological material 3 in a fluid state also flows out from a hole for pulling out the conductive coil 1, and because the conductive coil 1 is very small, holes left on the underground karst cave model after the conductive coil 1 is pulled out are very small and are far smaller than holes left by preparing the karst cave model in other modes, the structural stress of the karst cave model is not influenced basically.
Specifically, the protective layer is a liquid protective layer or a thin film protective layer; the liquid protective layer is vaseline or a release agent, and the film protective layer is a plastic film or a rubber film.
Compared with embodiment 1, the embodiment can basically drain the liquid magnetorheological material 3, so that the underground karst cave model provided by the invention has a real karst cave model, and meanwhile, the underground karst cave model does not have the influences of corrosion, hydration and the like on the karst cave in the model, and is basically the most ideal karst cave model.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an underground karst cave model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the position and the shape of a karst cave according to the field engineering condition through field investigation and geological data;
step 2, manufacturing a mold according to the shape of the karst cave, putting the magnetorheological material and the conductive coil into the mold, electrifying the conductive coil to generate a magnetic field, solidifying and molding the magnetorheological material, and removing the mold to obtain a karst cave core mold;
step 3, selecting similar materials to pour the geological model according to geological data, embedding the karst cave core mold in the geological model in the pouring process, and keeping the conductive coil in the karst cave core mold electrified all the time in the process;
and 4, powering off the conductive coil in the karst cave core mold, eliminating the magnetic field, and recovering the magnetorheological material into fluid to form the karst cave, namely completing the preparation of the underground karst cave model.
2. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the casting method of the geological model comprises the following steps:
3.1, selecting the material proportion of similar materials closest to physical indexes of actual working conditions through an orthogonal experiment;
step 3.2, manufacturing a model box for pouring the geological model, pouring a bottom layer simulation low-weathering rock stratum at the bottom in the model box, and installing the karst cave core mold at a corresponding position according to the site engineering karst cave position;
3.3, after the bottom layer simulates a low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set, pouring a middle-layer simulated medium-weathering rock stratum on the bottom layer, and installing an experimental data collection device;
3.4, after the weathering rock stratum is initially set in the middle-layer simulation, pouring an upper-layer simulated high weathering rock stratum on the middle-layer simulated high weathering rock stratum, and placing a simulated pile foundation at a corresponding position in the actual engineering;
and 3.5, completing the preparation of the geological model in the step 3 after the initial setting and maintenance of all the models are finished.
3. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 2, wherein: the karst cave core mold is installed before the bottom layer simulates the low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set, and the bottom layer simulates the low-weathering rock stratum to be initially set and then plays a role in fixing and positioning the karst cave core mold.
4. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 3, wherein: in step 3.2, before the karst cave core mould is installed, a protective layer is arranged on a conductive coil and a lead outside the karst cave core mould, the conductive coil is a filament coil, in step 4, after the conductive coil is powered off, the conductive coil is directly pulled out from the underground karst cave model, and the fluid magnetorheological material flows out from a hole for pulling out the conductive coil.
5. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 4, wherein: the protective layer is a liquid protective layer or a film protective layer.
6. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 5, wherein: the liquid protective layer is a release agent, and the film protective layer is a plastic film or a rubber film.
7. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 3, wherein: in step 3.3, the experimental data collection device comprises a soil pressure cell and a strain gauge, wherein the soil pressure cell and the strain gauge are arranged at a position to be measured through external force before the primary setting of the stroke chemical rock stratum in the middle layer is simulated.
8. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 3, wherein: and 3.4, installing the simulation pile foundation at a corresponding position through external force before the initial setting of the upper simulation high weathering rock stratum.
9. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 3, wherein: when the middle layer is poured to simulate a medium-stroke fluidized rock layer in the step 3.3, the voltage at two ends of the conductive coil is increased through the voltage regulator, the magnetic field emphasis is improved, and therefore the strength of the karst cave core mold is improved.
10. The method for preparing the underground cavern model as recited in claim 3, wherein: in step 2, the karst cave core mould can be reshaped through an insulating glove under the condition of reducing the voltage of the conductive coil.
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